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Open research questions in Helminth infection and control

52 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 413 Helminth infection and control papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The lack of studies on the economic viability and quantified losses of parasitoses in family farming systems. The limited understanding of the effectiveness and economic viability of agroecological control alternatives.

    PARASITOSES GASTRINTESTINAIS EM PEQUENOS RUMINANTES DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO BRASIL: PERDAS PRODUTIVAS, IMPACTO ECONÔMICO E ALTERNATIVAS AGROECOLÓGICAS DE CONTROLE · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited sanitation and proper sewage systems exacerbate environmental contamination and heighten the risk of exposure to parasites. Underdiagnosis of parasitic infections due to nonspecific symptoms. The need for enhanced monitoring and an integrated health approach to mitigate transmission risks.

    Gastrointestinal Parasites in Wild Boars from an Indigenous Community Settlement in Sarikei, Sarawak · 2026 · DOI

  • The disease can be extremely dangerous and even fatal for humans. Current treatments have limitations, such as poor efficacy against encapsulated larvae. There is a need for alternative treatments.

    Comparison of albendazole, chloroquine, and Allium sativum for treating Trichinella spiralis at distinct infection stages: an experimental study · 2026 · DOI

  • Neosporosis is a significant contributor to substantial economic losses on cattle farms. The clinical signs of N. caninum infection in dogs are not well understood. There is a lack of data on the molecular prevalence of N. caninum in dogs from Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq.

    First molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of <i>Neospora caninum</i> in dogs from Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq · 2026 · DOI

  • Enteric pathogens are a significant concern in the goat industry, causing gastrointestinal disorders and economic losses. The detection of enteric pathogens in goats is challenging due to the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic methods. The study of enteric pathogens in goats requires a comprehensive approach, including molecular diagnostic methods and epidemiological analysis.

    Prevalence and distribution of enteric pathogens detected in slaughtered goats in Jeonbuk Province, Korea · 2026 · DOI

  • N. caninum causes reproductive losses in sheep. A. ovis leads to reduced productivity and significant economic impacts on flock management. There is a need for improved monitoring and preventive strategies to control the spread of these pathogens.

    Investigation of Neospora caninum and Anaplasma ovis Antibodies in Slaughtered Sheep in Abattoir of Niğde, Türkiye · 2026 · DOI

  • Identifying the species of metacestodes using gross examination is challenging. The spread of T. hydatigena should be monitored and limited.

    <i>Cysticercus tenuicollis</i> in selected locations in Poland: genetic diversity, prevalence and epidemiological patterns in roe deer <i>(Capreolus capreolus)</i> and moose <i>(Alces alces)</i> · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to determine the seasonal prevalence of strongyloidiasis in cattle. Prior work has not identified the peak seasons of infestation.

    Seasonal dynamics of bovine strongyloidosis in livestock farms of the Amur region · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only investigated the pharmacokinetic interaction between albendazole and menbutone in calves. The sample size was limited to 12 animals.

    Modification of albendazole pharmacokinetics by menbutone administration in calves · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited to a single case report. The patient's use of veterinary-grade fenbendazole and ivermectin was not supervised by a medical professional.

    Drug-Induced Liver Injury Following Co-ingestion of Veterinary Fenbendazole and Ivermectin for Prostate Cancer: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of human regulatory approval for fenbendazole and ivermectin due to unknown safety profiles. The need for physicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for alternative therapies in oncology patients.

    Drug-Induced Liver Injury Following Co-ingestion of Veterinary Fenbendazole and Ivermectin for Prostate Cancer: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • directions. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 48, e20180016, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180016 NARI, A.; HANSEN, J. W. Towards sustainable parasite control practices in livestock production with emphasis in Latin America. Veterinary Parasitology, [s. l.], v. 180, n. 1-2, p. 2-11, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.036 NIEDERLE, P. et al. Ruptures in the agroecological transitions: institutional change and policy dismantling in Brazil. The Journal of Peasant Studies, London, v. 50, n. 3, p. 931-953, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2022.2055468 OLIVEIRA, A. F. et al. Plants of the Cerrado naturally selected by grazing sheep may have potential for inhibiting development of Haemonchus contortus larva. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, v. 35, n. 6, p. 524-528, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000600006 QUIJADA, J. et al. Anthelmintic activities against Haemonchus contortus or Trichostrongylus colubriformis from small ruminants are influenced by structural features of condensed tannins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Washington, v. 63, n. 28, p. 6346-6354, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02218 RAMOS, F. et al. Overview of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, Jaboticabal, v. 25, n. 1, p. 3-17, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016008 RAMOS, T. K. B. et al. Abortions and congenital malformations in small ruminants associated with toxic plant consumption in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Animals, Basel, v. 14, n. 4, art. 597, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14040597 RASHID, M. et al. A systematic review on modelling approaches for economic losses studies caused by parasites and their associated diseases in cattle. Parasitology, Cambridge, v. 146, n. 2, p. 129-141, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001282 REIS, S. S. et al. Modulation of Eimeria spp. parasite load on productivity parameters in lambs fed with babassu byproduct. Tropical Animal Health and Production, [s. l.], v. 57, art. 34, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04279-w RIBEIRO, W. L. C. et al. Anthelmintic effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its nanoemulsion on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, Jaboticabal, v. 28, n. 3, p. 522-527, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612019055 RIBEIRO, W. L. C. et al. Uso da nanoemulsão de Eucalyptus staigeriana no controle da hemoncose em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, v. 37, n. 3, p. 221-226, 2017.

    PARASITOSES GASTRINTESTINAIS EM PEQUENOS RUMINANTES DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO BRASIL: PERDAS PRODUTIVAS, IMPACTO ECONÔMICO E ALTERNATIVAS AGROECOLÓGICAS DE CONTROLE · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in horses in different regions. There is a need for studies on the influence of gastrointestinal parasites on hematological and biochemical parameters.

    Haematobiochemical Changes in Gastrointestinal Parasites-Infected Horses in Al Jabal Al Akdar, Libya · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of systematic assessments of gastrointestinal parasite occurrence and prevalence in herbivores of Dampa Tiger Reserve. Prior studies have reported varying prevalence rates of helminths and protozoans, but there is a need for more specific information on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in herbivores.

    Occurrence and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in herbivores in Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological distribution of gastrointestinal parasites among equines in Nigeria. The study aims to fill the knowledge gap on the most prevalent parasites and their distribution among different age groups, breeds, and locations.

    Prevalence and Epidemiological Distribution of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Equines from Selected Stables in Nigeria · 2026 · DOI

  • There is limited information on gastrointestinal parasites in Malaysian wild boars. The study addresses the gap in knowledge on the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in wild boars from indigenous community settlements.

    Gastrointestinal Parasites in Wild Boars from an Indigenous Community Settlement in Sarikei, Sarawak · 2026 · DOI

  • The study suggests that future research should focus on quantitative and functional investigations evaluating cytokine-mediated mechanisms in avian fungal gastrointestinal disease. The study highlights the need for further research on the development of new therapeutic strategies for macrorhabdosis.

    Immunohistochemical localization of tumor necrosis factor-α in gastrointestinal tissues of budgerigars naturally infected with Macrorhabdus ornithogaster · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in our understanding of local inflammatory cytokine responses in naturally infected birds. The study highlights the need for further research on the pathogenesis of macrorhabdosis and the role of TNF-α in the disease.

    Immunohistochemical localization of tumor necrosis factor-α in gastrointestinal tissues of budgerigars naturally infected with Macrorhabdus ornithogaster · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of information on the prevalence and morphological characteristics of Balantidium sp. in frogs. There is a need for new antiprotozoal agents effective against Balantidium spp.

    Morphological characterization and in vitro evaluation of Dendronephthya sp. extract against Balantidium sp. infecting Amietophrynus kassasii in New Valley Governorate, Egypt · 2026 · DOI

  • The current study relied mainly on morphological iden- tification of Balantidium sp. without molecular charac- terization. Future molecular analyses using PCR and gene sequencing are necessary to confirm parasite identity and improve taxonomic accuracy. In addition, the rela- tively small sample size represents another limitation of the present investigation. Although the ultrastructural alterations of the parasite were successfully examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), further stud- ies are still required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Dendronephthyla sp. extract under in vivo conditions. Toxicological assessment on the host organism is also recommended before considering potential therapeutic applications.

    Morphological characterization and in vitro evaluation of Dendronephthya sp. extract against Balantidium sp. infecting Amietophrynus kassasii in New Valley Governorate, Egypt · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for alternative treatments for T. spiralis due to the limitations of current treatments. There is a lack of studies evaluating the effectiveness of chloroquine and Allium sativum in treating T. spiralis.

    Comparison of albendazole, chloroquine, and Allium sativum for treating Trichinella spiralis at distinct infection stages: an experimental study · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to understand the mechanisms underlying gastric lesions in domestic pigs and wild boars. The interplay of diet, stress, microbiota, and infection pressure in the development of gastric lesions is not fully understood.

    Gastric Lesions in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars: Etiology, Pathology and Predisposing Factors · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to determine the prevalence of liver trematodes in sheep and goats in the Siirt province. The infection rates of Fasciola spp. and D. dendriticum in sheep and goats in the Siirt province are not well understood.

    Prevalence of Liver Trematodes in Sheep and Goats Slaughtered in the Siirt Province Slaughterhouse · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of data on the molecular prevalence of N. caninum in dogs from Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq. There is a need to characterize the genetic diversity of the N. caninum Nc5 gene in isolates from the region.

    First molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of <i>Neospora caninum</i> in dogs from Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq · 2026 · DOI

  • More detailed research on roe deer acquisition of and infestation by T. hydatigena is needed. Further studies on the definitive hosts of the parasite are required.

    <i>Cysticercus tenuicollis</i> in selected locations in Poland: genetic diversity, prevalence and epidemiological patterns in roe deer <i>(Capreolus capreolus)</i> and moose <i>(Alces alces)</i> · 2026 · DOI

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52 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 413 Helminth infection and control papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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