Analysis of investigated results confirmed that obese

The gap

Evidence profile

Stated in the abstract and future work and recommendations sections of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2003 and 2026, spanning 3 journals. Those papers have been cited 1 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Obesity and hormonal status of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (2003) · Medicinski pregled · cited 1× · doi

  CONCLUSION: Analysis of investigated results confirmed that obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance have been a special clinical entity, whereas an open question remains whether obesity is directly connected with polycystic ovary syndrome or it is only an additional factor interfering with metabolic and hormonal status of genetically predisposed and phenotypically indoctrinated women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

  generalstated in abstractevidence 5/5
  Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome conclusion investigated confirmed obese patients insulin resistance special clinical entity open question
• Gut microbiota and polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome: an integrated gut–metabolism–endocrine–ovary axis (2026) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi

  In summary, accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota and PMOS are linked through complex and tightly interconnected interactions, with gut microbial dysbiosis emerging as a critical regulatory node bridging metabolic abnormalities, endocrine dysfunction, and ovarian impairment. During the onset and progression of PMOS, alterations in gut microbiota may contribute to the development of core phenotypes, including insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and obesity, by modulating insulin sensitivity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and androgen homeostasis. An increasing body of evidence further suggests that microbiotaderived metabolites act as key mediators in gut microbiota-host the regulation of metabolic pathways, interactions. Through these immune responses, and endocrine signaling networks, the pathophysiological changes metabolites collectively drive associated with PMOS. Microbiota-targeted interventions have shown promising potential in improving metabolic and endocrine outcomes; however, their underlying mechanisms, causal relevance, and clinical benefits remain to be fully elucidated. This narrative review was performed using a systematic and transparent literature search strategy with well-defined database sources, search terms, time frame, and rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, which greatly improved the methodological reliability and quality of evidence synthesis. Future research should therefore prioritize well-designed studies with clearly defined disease phenotypes, integrating longitudinal follow-up, causal inference approaches, and multi-omics analyses to systematically delineate the key regulatory pathways through which gut microbiota and their the metabolites contribute gut–metabolism–endocrine–ovary axis to advance, precision intervention strategies based on individual gut microbiota characteristics may offer new theoretical foundations and therapeutic directions for the long-term management of PMOS and the improvement of overall patient health outcomes. to PMOS.

  generalstated in future workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: microbiota pmos endocrine evidence metabolic metabolites interactions regulatory contribute phenotypes insulin pathways outcomes causal search
• Gut microbiota and polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome: an integrated gut–metabolism–endocrine–ovary axis (2026) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi

  the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril (2018) 110: 364–79. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004 international evidence-based guideline from the for 4. Zeng X, Xie YJ, Liu YT, Long SL, Mo ZC. Polycystic ovarian syndrome: correlation between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and obesity. Clin Chim Acta 502: 214–221. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.003 5. Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven J, Dokras A, Moran LJ, Piltonen TT, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril (2023) 120:767–93. doi:10. 1093/ejendo/lvad096 6. Zhang H, Butoyi C, Yuan G, Jia J. Exploring the role of gut microbiota in obesity and PCOS: current updates and future prospects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract (2023) 202:110781. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110781 7. Yang L, Liu T, Liao Y, Ren Y, Zheng Z, Zhang M, et al. Potential therapeutic application and mechanism of gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in polycystic ovary syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother (2024) 180:117504. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024. 117504 8. Zhao M, Chen D, Hu X, Xie C, Xu L, Zhou F. Gut-ovary axis in polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanistic insights and gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies. Front Endocrinol (2025) 16:1684492. doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1684492 9. Sun J, Wang M, Kan Z. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome: a literature review and mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (2024) 15:1280983. doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1280983 10. de Vos WM, Tilg H, Van Hul M, Cani PD. Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut (2022) 71:1020–32. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326789 11. Zhang M, Hu R, Huang Y, Zhou F, Li F, Liu Z, et al. Present and future: crosstalks between polycystic ovary syndrome and gut metabolites relating to gut Microbiota. Front Endocrinol (2022) 13:933110. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.933110 12. Li J, Qiao J, Li Y, Qin G, Xu Y, Lao K, et al. Metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome: from gut microbiota biodiversity to clinical intervention. Front Endocrinol (2025) 16:1526468. doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1526468 13. Qi X, Yun C, Pang Y, Qiao J. The impact of the gut microbiota on the reproductive and metabolic endocrine system. Gut Microbes (2021) 13:1–21. doi:10.1080/19490976. 2021.1894070 14. Stańczak NA, Grywalska E, Dudzińska E. The latest reports and treatment methods on polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Med (2024) 56:2357737. doi:10.1080/07853890. 2024.2357737 15. Hou K, Wu Z-X, Chen X-Y, Wang J-Q, Zhang D, Xiao C, et al. Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther (2022) 7:135. doi:10.1038/s41392-022- 00974-4 16. Van Hul M, Cani PD, Petitfils C, De Vos WM, Tilg H, El-Omar EM. What defines a healthy gut microbiome?

  generalstated in recommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome microbiota zhang front endocrinol fendo assessment management fertil steril international evidence based
• A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON RISK FACTORS, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS, PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ASSOCIATED CO-MORBIDITIES IN WOMENS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (2026) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi

   Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains a complex and heterogeneous disorder, with its ethology still poorly understood despite extensive clinical and experimental research.  Genetic evaluation of PCOS has emerged as a crucial gateway for identifying novel molecular pathways and understanding disease heterogeneity. Identification of specific genomic loci may provide into disease progression and critical phenotypic variability. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic factors play a primary in PCOS pathogenesis, influencing metabolic dysfunctions such as insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. insights role   Genetic abnormalities associated with PCOS have been observed not only in affected women but also among male and female first-degree relatives, indicating a strong heritable component and supporting the concept of familial clustering. relationship between PCOS and metabolic traits in male relatives remains controversial; however, advances in genetic and genomic technologies may help clarify this association.   Current genetic studies in PCOS demonstrate significant inconsistencies, highlighting the need for larger, well-designed, multi-ethnic studies and reevaluation of previously published findings. are focusing on and treatments therapeutic  Although multiple current interventions are available, largely symptomatic, managing metabolic hyperandrogenism-related complications rather than addressing the underlying cause.  Future identification of novel detailed should mechanistic investigations to trace the origin of PCOS at molecular and genetic levels, facilitating the targets. Improved understanding of genotype–phenotype the development of correlations may enable personalized treatment strategies and potentially disease-modifying therapies for PCOS.

  generalstated in future workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: pcos genetic disease metabolic polycystic remains evaluation novel molecular understanding identification genomic hyperandrogenism male relatives

Questions about this gap