Most available evidence has been derived from in vitro

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the future work and limitations section and future-work section of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2022 and 2026, spanning 2 journals.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• The Future of Medicine: Frontiers in Integrative Health and Medicine (2022) · doi

  Plants could be a better alternative to modern medicines in the future. To validate the hypothesis of plants as a medicine further, extensive research should be carried out on different medicinal plants so that correct dosage and toxicity levels may be known prior to application. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.G.A., M.A.A. (Mohammad Azam Ansari) and H.M.K.; methodology, S.G.A. and M.A.A. (Mohammad Azam Ansari).; validation, M.A.A. (Mohammad A. Alzohairy), A.A., M.N.A., S.A. and S.R.; investigation, S.G.A., M.A.A. (Mohammad Azam Ansari), A.A. and S.A.; resources, writing—original draft preparation, S.G.A. and M.A.A. (Mohammad Azam Ansari); writing—review and editing, M.A.A. (Mohammad A. Alzohairy), A.A., M.N.A., S.A., S.R. and H.M.K.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: Deanship of Scientific Research, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Grant number-Covid19-2020-002-IRMC. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not Applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not Applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not Applicable. Acknowledgments: Syed Ghazanfar Ali would like to acknowledge Viral Research Diagnostic Laboratory (funded by DHR-ICMR-New Delhi) in Aligarh U.P India for giving an opportunity to work as a Research Scientist (Non-medical). Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: mohammad azam ansari plants statement applicable alzohairy writing review authors interest better alternative modern medicines
• Native Kaempferia galanga L. in Vietnam: Biological Characteristics and Potential Applications for Human Health Care (2026) · Environmental Research and Planetary Health · doi

  Most available evidence has been derived from in vitro experiments or animal models, while clinical studies in humans remain very limited. Variations in plant origin, cultivation conditions, harvesting time, extraction methods, and chemical composition may influence the levels of major bioactive compounds. Toxicological data are insufficient, and comprehensive evaluations of chronic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, herb-drug interactions, and long-term safety remain lacking.

  generallimitations sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: available evidence has been derived vitro experiments animal
• AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF ETHNOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL, SAFETY, AND THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES OF IPOMOEA STAPHYLINA ROEM. & SCHULT (2026) · European Journal Pharmaceutical and Medical Research · doi

  Standardized botanical material, validated quantitative phytochemistry, bioassay-guided isolation, pharmacokinetics, comprehensive toxicology and human trials are needed. An integrated ethnobotany, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacology framework should be used for future research. Acute and repeated-dose toxicity, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, histopathology, reproductive and developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, and herb-drug interaction studies should be conducted.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: standardized botanical material validated quantitative phytochemistry bioassay-guided isolation

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