No study addresses how to optimize the PV-to-wind

The gap

Evidence profile

Stated in the future work and synthesized sections of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2024 and 2026, spanning 2 journals. Those papers have been cited 140 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Optimal sizing of wind and solar hybrid renewable energy systems under grid constraints: A Brazilian case study (2026) · International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management · doi

  Another important research stream investigates the com- plementarity between renewable energy resources, par- ticularly wind and solar, from a planning and system integration perspective. Resource complementarity is often assessed through statistical correlation analyses, geographic evaluations, or scenario-based planning studies. [28] analyzed the local complementarity between wind and solar photovoltaic resources in Portugal, demonstrating that hybridization can reduce curtailment and increase renewable energy penetration. In a comple- mentary study, [3] explored different planning scenarios comparing hybrid and isolated deployment strategies, showing that coordinated resource integration can enhance overall system efficiency. [10] proposed a quantitative method to evaluate wind, solar and hydro complementarity and optimize generation ratios in large-scale systems. These studies clearly show that resource complemen- tarity can provide operational and planning benefits. However, in most cases, complementarity is evaluated as an external indicator or planning guideline rather than being directly embedded within the mathematical for- mulation of the sizing problem. 2.4 Synthesis and research gap Despite the extensive literature on the optimal sizing of hybrid wind and solar renewable energy systems, a nota- ble gap remains. Most existing studies do not explicitly incorporate the temporal complementarity between wind and solar resources into the optimization model itself. While several works acknowledge resource complemen- tarity from a statistical, geographic, or planning perspec- tive, this characteristic is rarely introduced as a structural constraint within the sizing formulation. Instead, most optimization models prioritize mini- mizing costs, maximizing energy production, or improv- ing reliability, implicitly assuming independent or average resource behavior. As a result, the potential benefits of temporal anti-correlation, particularly regard- ing improved grid utilization and reduced infrastructure idleness, are not fully captured. This limitation is espe- cially relevant in regions where wind and solar genera- tion profiles are strongly anti-correlated, such as in many areas of Brazil. Addressing this gap, the present study proposes an optimization model that explicitly integrates wind and solar temporal complementarity into the sizing process. By embedding resource complementarity directly into the linear programming formulation under grid capacity constraints, the proposed approach enables a more real- istic and efficient representation of hybrid system behavior, thereby enhancing both economic perfor- mance and infrastructure utilization.

  generalstated in future workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: wind solar complementarity planning resource energy sizing renewable resources system hybrid temporal optimization integration statistical
• Optimal planning of renewable energy park for green hydrogen production using detailed cost and efficiency curves of PEM electrolyzer (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · cited 86× · doi

  Optimal PV-to-wind capacity ratios for hydrogen production systems across diverse geographic and climatic regions have not been systematically characterized. One study determines optimal ratios for a single location using PSO, but no comparative analysis exists across multiple sites with varying solar irradiance, wind speed, and seasonal patterns to establish generalizable design principles for hybrid PV-wind-hydrogen systems.

  generalstated in synthesizedevidence 5/5
  Keywords: optimal pv-to-wind capacity ratios hydrogen production systems across
• Sensitivity-based techno-economic assessment approach for electrolyzer integration with hybrid photovoltaic-wind plants for green hydrogen production (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · cited 54× · doi

  No study addresses how to optimize the PV-to-wind capacity ratio in hybrid hydrogen systems under varying grid policies (net metering vs. islanded) and different renewable resource regimes; prior work optimizes capacity ratios but does not systematically compare across policy scenarios.

  generalstated in synthesizedevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study addresses optimize pv-to-wind capacity ratio hybrid hydrogen

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