Persistent hardware noise in quantum computing

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the future-work section and stated challenges and stated research gap and limitations section of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 6 journals.

Supporting evidence — 8 representative gaps

• Noise-induced Simulability Transition from Operator Scrambling (2026) · arXiv

  To further understand the role of noise in determining the complexity of simulating quantum systems. To develop quantum algorithms and protocols that are robust to noise. To explore the implications of the noise-induced simulability transition for quantum computing and quantum information processing.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: further understand role noise determining complexity simulating quantum
• Noise-induced Simulability Transition from Operator Scrambling (2026) · arXiv

  The development of quantum algorithms and protocols that are robust to noise. The understanding of the role of noise in determining the complexity of simulating quantum systems. The identification of the critical noise level per cycle below which classical simulation remains exponentially hard.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: development quantum algorithms protocols robust noise understanding role
• Sequential state preparation and measurement of multiple qubits via a single channel (2026) · npj Quantum Information · doi

  The hardware overhead needed for simultaneous state preparation and measurement of millions of qubits represents one of many challenges that must be overcome when scaling up quantum processors. The paper identifies a gap in the existing solutions, which typically use individual readout hardware for each qubit, presenting a significant overhead.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: hardware overhead needed simultaneous state preparation measurement millions
• Sequential state preparation and measurement of multiple qubits via a single channel (2026) · npj Quantum Information · doi

  The paper identifies the challenge of minimising data qubit flips to enable high-fidelity SPAM. The paper notes the challenge of achieving high-fidelity SPAM with poor single-shot readout. The paper highlights the challenge of scaling up quantum processors due to the hardware overhead needed for simultaneous state preparation and measurement.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: paper identifies challenge minimising data qubit flips enable
• Digitized counterdiabatic quantum feature extraction (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi

  High-dimensional, noisy, or redundant data can make it difficult for ML algorithms to directly identify meaningful patterns. Capturing statistical dependencies that are difficult to access with standard classical methods is a challenge. The authors face the challenge of executing quantum circuits on a noisy quantum processor with limited qubits and shots per circuit.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: high-dimensional noisy redundant data make difficult algorithms directly
• Benchmarking Quantum Solvers in Noisy Digital Simulations for Financial Portfolio Optimization (2026) · Entropy · doi

  Most previous works on quantum solvers for portfolio optimization problems remain constrained by limitations inherent to current quantum hardware. Few studies explicitly examine the impact of noise on the performance of quantum algorithms. There is a need to assess the practical performance of quantum algorithms in noisy simulations.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: previous works quantum solvers portfolio optimization problems remain
• Computing band gaps of periodic materials via sample-based quantum diagonalization (2026) · npj Computational Materials · doi

  The main computational bottleneck is currently the classical calculation of configuration interaction, - The method is limited to pre-fault-tolerant quantum computers, - The quality of quantum sampling should significantly improve even with noisy intermediate-scale quantum processors

  generallimitations sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: main computational bottleneck currently classical calculation configuration interaction
• Noisy quantum learning theory (2026) · Nature Communications · doi

  Further research is needed to characterize the effects of noise on various learning tasks. The development of quantum learning algorithms that can tolerate noise is an open research direction. The design of quantum experiments and protocols that are robust to noise is an important area of research.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 3/5
  Keywords: further research needed characterize effects noise various learning

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