Prioritize active case finding among high-risk groups

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the limitations and recommendations of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2024 and 2026, spanning 3 journals.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Urine lipoarabinomannan levels in pulmonary tuberculosis with and without HIV coinfection (2024) · Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi

  This study has some limitations. Firstly, it did not account for other comorbid conditions, such as diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, which could REFERENCES 1. World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report [Internet]. WHO. 2023. 2. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Program Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis 2022. [Internet]. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2023. 3. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor Hk.01.07/ Menkes/90/2019 Tentang Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tata Laksana HIV [Internet]. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2019. 4. Shah M, Variava E, Holmes CB, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a urine lipoarabinomannan test for tuberculosis in hospitalized patients in a High HIV prevalence setting. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(2):145-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181b98430 5. Lawn SD. Point-of-care detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine for diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: a state of the art review. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:103. PMID: 22536883; PMCID: PMC3423001. 6. Lateral Flow Urine Lipoarabinomannan Assay (LF-LAM) for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV Policy update [Internet]. WHO. 2019. 7. Paris L, Magni R, Zaidi F, et al. Urine lipoarabinomannan glycan in HIV-negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis correlates with influence LAM levels. Additionally, patients without TB were not included, as the focus of this study was on LAM levels in TB patients. Future case-control studies should incorporate patients without TB and consider using additional diagnostic methods to minimize the risk of false negatives.

  generallimitationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: tuberculosis kesehatan republik indonesia patients internet kementrian urine lipoarabinomannan diagnostic diagnosis levels without limitations firstly
• Assessment of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among HIV/AIDS Patients at Jugel Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia. 2021 (2024) · Journal of Infectious Diseases & Treatments · doi

  1- Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. 2- Provision adequate of quality and quantity of nutrients and food for patients. 3- Develop plan and implemented advocacy with the relevant authorities to raise awareness with the participation of the community. 4-Training of health personnel to upgrade their scientific knowledge for educating patients about tuberculosis. REFERENCES [1] O. Cosivi, J.M. Grange, C.J. Daborn, M.C. Raviglione, T. Fujikura, D. Cousins, R.A. Robinso H.F.A.K. Huchzermeyer, I.de Kantor, and F.-X. Meslin Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1998; 4: 1. [2] WHO Tuberculosis Infection Control In The Era Of Expanding HIV Care And Treatment- -Limited Settings, 1999. [3] Harms, Jerome Tuberculosis: Captain Death; http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/lectureTB, 1997. [4] Medicines San Frontiers and Partners‟ in Health, Tuberculosis: Partical guide for clinical, nurses, laboratory technician and medical auxiliaries, 2014. [5] Christine F. Sizemore D. Ritchard H. And Anthony S, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Available on lineat, 2011. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/Pages/ WorldTBDay. [6] Cole E, Cook C (1998) Characterization of infectious aerosols in health care facilities: an aid to effective engineering controls and preventive strategies. Am J infect Control 26(4): 453-464. [7] Nicas M, Nazaroff WW, Hubbard A (2005) Toward understanding the risk of secondary airborne infection: emission of respirable pathogens. J Occup EnvironHyg 2: 143–154. [8] 8-CDC (2008) Guidelines for the Control of Tuberculosis in the Northern Territory- - 4th edition.

  generalrecommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: tuberculosis health infectious control patients diseases infection care http bact promote sustained inclusive sustainable economic
• Characteristics of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Post-COVID-19 Era at Al-Quifia Hospital, Benghazi: A Cross-Sectional Study (2026) · Attahadi Medical Journal · doi

  - - - - - - Prioritize active case finding among high-risk groups, particularly young adult males (25–35 years), smokers, and individuals with known TB contacts. Establish integrated care pathways linking TB services with diabetes and anemia screening and management. Patients with prior hospital admissions or persistent respiratory symptoms should be systematically evaluated for TB. Implement targeted smoking cessation programs as part of TB care and prevention strategies. Ensure routine HIV testing for all TB patients. Further longitudinal and multicenter studies are recommended to explore causal pathways, particularly the role of gender-specific exposures, post-COVID-19 TB, and comorbidity interactions in the Libyan context.

  generalrecommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: particularly care pathways patients prioritize active case finding among high risk groups young adult males

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