The effects of different protein sources on gut

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the stated research gap and future work of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 3 journals.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Protein yogurt and whey protein produce comparable muscle gains, but divergent microbiome shifts during strength training in older adults (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi

  The effects of different protein sources on gut microbiome in older adults are unknown. Prior studies have not compared the effects of protein yogurt and whey protein supplementation during strength training on body composition, strength, and gut microbiome in older adults. The study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive comparison of the two protein sources.

  generalstated research gap
  Keywords: effects different protein sources gut microbiome older adults
• Reconsidering Obesity in India Through a Gut–Metabolic Lens: Mechanistic Insights and the Emerging Role of Synbiotics in Individuals with the Thin–Fat Phenotype (2026) · Advances in Therapy · doi

  Despite growing enthusiasm, several challenges must be addressed before synbiotics can be fully integrated into obesity management frameworks. First, strain specificity is critical. Not all probiotics exert metabolic effects, and benefits depend on precise strain selection, dosing, and formulation. Second, interindividual variability in baseline microbiome composition influences responsiveness, necessitating personalized—or stratified—approaches. Third, most available studies are short-term, and long-term data on weight maintenance, durability of glycemic improvements, and cardiovascular outcomes remain limited. Regulatory standardization, quality control, and transparent reporting of microbial content and viability remain essential to ensure reproducibility and credibility.

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: strain term remain despite growing enthusiasm several challenges must addressed synbiotics fully integrated obesity management
• Gut-muscle axis (2026) · Quality in Sport · doi

  References 1. Marttinen M, Ala-Jaakkola R, Laitila A, Lehtinen MJ. Gut microbiota, probiotics and physical performance individuals. Nutrients. in athletes and physically active 2020;12(10):2936. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102936. 2. Porepp ODSC, et al. Effect of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota and sport performance in athletes and physically active individuals: a systematic review. J Diet Suppl. 2024;21(5):660-676. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2023.2293842. 3. Heimer M, Teschler M, Schmitz B, Mooren FC. Health benefits of probiotics in sport and exercise - Non-existent or a matter of heterogeneity? A systematic review. Front Nutr. 2022;9:804046. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.804046. 4. Min L, Ablitip A, Wang R, Luciana T, Wei M, Ma X. Effects of exercise on gut microbiota of adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2024;16(7):1070. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071070. 5. Teglas T, Radak Z. Probiotic supplementation for optimizing athletic performance: current evidence and strategies. Front Nutr. for microbiome-based 2025;12:1572687. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1572687. 6. Sales KM, Reimer RA. Unlocking a novel determinant of athletic performance: the role of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and biotics in exercise. J Sport Health Sci. 2023;12(1):36-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.09.002. 7. Allen JM, Mailing LJ, Niemiro GM, Moore R, Cook MD, White BA, et al. Exercise alters gut microbiota composition and function in lean and obese humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(4):747-757. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001495. 8. Hawley JA, Forster SC, Giles EM. Exercise, the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal diseases: therapeutic impact and molecular mechanisms. Gastroenterology. 2025;169(1):48-62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.224. 9. Mohr AE, Jäger R, Carpenter KC, Kerksick CM, Purpura M, Townsend JR, et al. The athletic gut microbiota. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2020;17:24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020- 00353-w. 10. Dorelli B, Gallè F, De Vito C, Duranti G, Iachini M, Zaccarin M, et al. Can physical activity influence human gut microbiota composition independently of diet? A systematic review. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1890. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061890. 11. Cullen JMA, Shahzad S, Dhillon J.

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: https microbiota exercise systematic review performance nutrients sport nutr athletic composition probiotics physical individuals athletes

Questions about this gap