The Pacific Ocean dynamics, dictated largely by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), cannot fully explain these variations

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the stated challenges and future-work section and stated research gap and abstract of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2025 and 2026, spanning 3 journals. Those papers have been cited 6 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Interdecadal change in triggering effect of subtropical Indian Ocean dipole on tropical Indian Ocean dipole and the role of Southern annular mode (2026) · Climate Dynamics · doi

  The complexity of the ocean-atmosphere system makes it challenging to understand the relationship between the subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole and the tropical Indian Ocean Dipole. The interdecadal change in the SIOD-to-IOD relationship is difficult to investigate due to the limited length of the data record. The influence of other climate modes, such as ENSO, on the SIOD-to-IOD relationship is a challenge to be addressed.

  generalstated challenges
  Keywords: complexity ocean-atmosphere system makes challenging understand relationship between
• Strengthened coupling between the eastern and western poles of the Indian Ocean Dipole since the early 1980s: roles of tropical cross-basin interactions (2026) · Climate Dynamics · doi

  Further research is needed to understand the interdecadal difference in the sequence of the IOD, - The role of ENSO in regulating the equatorial Indian Ocean zonal wind field needs to be further investigated, - The impact of the tropical northern Atlantic SST anomalies on the Indian Ocean needs to be further studied

  generalfuture-work section
  Keywords: further research needed understand interdecadal difference sequence iod
• Preferential Impacts of the Western-Pacific Subtropical High and Australian High on the Indian Ocean Dipole Phases (2026) · Advances in Atmospheric Sciences · doi

  The study identifies a gap in understanding the dynamics and predictability of the Indian Ocean Dipole. The study aims to investigate the impact of the Western-Pacific Subtropical High and Australian High on the IOD phases, which is a knowledge gap in the current literature. The study uses a novel approach to analyze the relationship between the WPSH, AH, and IOD.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study identifies gap understanding dynamics predictability indian ocean
• Role of the Indian Ocean Wind‐Driven Dynamics in the Indonesian Throughflow Variability (2025) · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans · cited 6× · doi

  The Pacific Ocean dynamics, dictated largely by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), cannot fully explain these variations, and a quantitative understanding of the Indian Ocean (IO) dynamics involved in the ITF transport variability remains lacking.

  generalabstractevidence 5/5
  Keywords: ocean dynamics pacific dictated largely southern oscillation enso cannot fully explain variations quantitative understanding indian

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