Understanding their synergistic effects is essential for developing climate‐resilient farming strategies

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the conclusions and future work and future-work section and stated challenges and abstract of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2024 and 2026, spanning 8 journals. Those papers have been cited 109 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 8 representative gaps

• Multivariate Clustering and Decomposition of Cereal Production in Rajasthan: Insights for Agricultural Policy (2026) · Journal of the Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics · doi

  LIMITATIONS This study reveals a persistent structural divide in Rajasthan’s cereal production: irrigated, technology- intensive crops (Wheat, Maize, Barley) have achieved sustained yield-led growth, while rainfed coarse cereals (Jowar, Bajra) remain constrained by area dependence and climatic vulnerability in the state’s semi-arid environment.

  generalconclusions
  Keywords: limitations reveals persistent structural divide rajasthan cereal production irrigated technology intensive crops wheat maize barley
• Sustainable cereal production through integrated crop management: a global review of current practices and future prospects (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · cited 37× · doi

  Vaddula Yamini 1, Kulvir Singh 2*, Mohammed Antar 3* and Ayman El Sabagh 4,5 1 Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, 2 Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot, India, 3 Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, 4 Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye, 5 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt Among cereals, three crops namely maize, wheat, and rice account for 90% of the total cereal production, with global production levels of 791.2, 522.6, and 1229.63 million tons for wheat, rice and maize, respectively. The global challenges of food insecurity, climate variability, and unsustainable land use necessitate a redefined approach to cereal production, focusing on climate resilience, low vulnerability, and high productivity while establishing food and environmental safety. Integrated crop management (ICM) offers a holistic farming approach that integrates various agricultural practices to ensure long-term benefits and mitigate risks. This comprehensive review examined a total of 108 documented studies from existing literature pertaining to the last 23 years, besides case studies on ICM in rice, wheat, and maize production, analyzing its benefits, challenges, and future directions. In Asian countries, where rice is a staple food, ICM practices have effectively addressed challenges such as yield stagnation, declining profits, and crop failures. Nutrient and pest management, along with conservation agriculture (CA), have played a crucial role in overcoming these challenges. China’s implementation of site- specific management duly integrated with other practices, has successfully reduced excessive nitrogen use besides improved environmental and health outcomes. Sustainable corn production has been achieved in the USA and Africa through comprehensive implementation of CA and crop diversification. Globally, ICM has demonstrated yield increases of 10–19% for rice, 16–30% for wheat, and 13.5–30% for maize crops. Despite having ample potential, the widespread adoption of ICM faces technical, climate-related, and economic constraints. Overcoming these challenges requires targeted training, extension services, and supportive policies. Furthermore, future research should focus on addressing key knowledge gaps to facilitate the widespread implementation of ICM. While promoting climatic resilience and sustainability in cereal production systems, ICM can contribute to food security and environmental preservation globally. KEYWORDS agro-ecological practices, soil health management, yield optimization, pest and disease control strategies, food security

  generalfuture work
  Keywords: production university rice challenges food agricultural environmental maize wheat management practices department faculty agriculture cereal
• Development of a UAS-Based Multi-Sensor Deep Learning Model for Predicting Napa Cabbage Fresh Weight and Determining Optimal Harvest Time (2024) · Remote Sensing · cited 11× · doi

  Future research should focus on addressing the limitations identified in this study. Additionally, the model’s applicability to other crops and varying environmental conditions should be investigated, further broadening its potential impact on sustainable agriculture.

  generalconclusions
  Keywords: future focus addressing limitations identified additionally model applicability crops varying environmental conditions investigated further broadening
• Climate Change Impacts on Future Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Yield, Growth Periods and Irrigation Requirements: A SALTMED Model Simulations Analysis (2024) · Agronomy · cited 30× · doi

  Future research could focus on refining model parameters, in- tegrating socio-economic impacts, and developing climate-resilient wheat varieties, thereby enhancing agricultural sustainability and resilience in the face of climate change challenges.

  generalconclusions
  Keywords: climate future focus refining model parameters tegrating socio economic impacts developing resilient wheat varieties thereby
• Integrating Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) into Rice-based Cropping Systems through Crop Diversification in a Changing Climate Scenario (2026) · International Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine · doi

  Future research should focus on crop development, agronomic management, cropping system optimisation, climatic resilience, and mechanisation. Prioritising early maturing cultivars is essential for their integration into rice-based systems.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: future research focus crop development agronomic management cropping
• Long-Term Nutrient Management (47 Years) Drives Yield Trajectories and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Maize-Wheat Cropping System of the Northwestern Himalayas (2026) · Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition · doi

  Future research should investigate the potential for other organic amendments to improve yield stability and soil health. Future research should examine the economic and environmental implications of adopting sustainable agricultural practices in intensive cereal-based systems.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: future research investigate potential other organic amendments improve
• Enhancing the Resilience of Agroecosystems Through Improved Rhizosphere Processes: A Strategic Review (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · cited 29× · doi

  The increasing global population's demand for food requires innovative strategies to optimize environmentally friendly practices and minimize ecological impacts. The excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has detrimental environmental consequences. The development of sustainable cropping systems that can address climate challenges is a pressing need.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: increasing global population demand food requires innovative strategies
• The synergistic effects of climate change and fertilizer on crop yield: evidence from winter wheat in China (2025) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · cited 2× · doi

  Understanding their synergistic effects is essential for developing climate‐resilient farming strategies, yet the complex interactions between climate and fertilizer use in shaping crop yields remain poorly understood.

  generalabstractevidence 2/5
  Keywords: climate understanding synergistic effects essential developing resilient farming strategies complex interactions fertilizer shaping crop yields

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