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Open research questions in Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications

156 gap statements mined from Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,574 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Third, this study primarily focuses on the evaluation of image quality metrics, and future work will consider incorporating clinical validation, including diagnostic accuracy and clinical relevance. In addition, all participants had clinically diagnosed TLE, therefore, the applicability of the results to other epilepsy subtypes or neurological disorders remains to be established.

    Evaluation of regularization factor and attenuation correction method of Q.Clear reconstruction for brain PET/MR in epileptic patients · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of simultaneous transmit and receive systems with sufficiently high isolation. The inability to apply a frequency gradient to transverse magnetization without significant out-of-plane rotations.

    Frequency-encoded magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic radio frequency field gradients · 2026 · DOI

  • Previous hypercapnia studies using BOLD MRI have reported reduced or negative WM cerebrovascular reactivity, but whether these findings reflect true reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains unclear.

    Hemodynamic Responses in the White Matter (WM): Reduced Blood Flow in Deep WM During Hypercapnia Revealed by Multi-Delay pCASL in Healthy Young Adults · 2026 · DOI

  • Although orientation dependence of R2 and R2* in white matter (WM) has been attributed primarily to myelin, the vascular contribution to R2' has not been systematically characterized.

    Orientation Dependence of R2' in White Matter: Digital Characterization, Modelling and Implications for Studying Brain Physiology · 2026 · DOI

  • Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) reflects the balance between cerebral oxygen delivery and metabolic demand, but its normative evolution across the human lifespan remains unknown.

    Oxygen extraction fraction brain charts for human lifespan and application for brain disorders · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies are needed to understand the clinical implications of this improvement in lesion detection.

    Clinical Research for the Use of 7 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Spinal Pathologies: a Scoping Review · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a low-cost and integrated climate-controlled growth chamber for MRI of living plants, - The lack of a suitable system for maintaining stable environmental conditions during plant MRI scans.

    In-bore climate control chamber for magnetic resonance imaging of living plants · 2026 · DOI

  • We also acknowledge that the reliability of the low-resolution acquisition is limited to a greater extent by partial volume effects than the longer duration high-resolution counterparts, and that the current requirement for registration between low- and high-resolution images presents a challenge to widespread clinical application.

    Estimation of skin sodium content via 23Na magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T using a single-loop surface transmit/receive coil · 2026 · DOI

  • Relative SNR obtained from the same sequence at different scanners differed by up to 42%, suggesting hardware impacts that warrant further investigation.

    Comparative Performance Analysis of an Open Source Motion‐Compensated Cardiac Diffusion Sequence Across Different MRI Systems and Gradient Strengths—A Pilot Study · 2026 · DOI

  • True whole-brain analysis tools are required for cerebro-cerebellar network analysis with such segmentation and visualisation tools now starting to become available. We can draw on knowledge gathered from postmortem work to identify imaging and treatment targets in-vivo, such as substructures within the cerebellum including the DCN.

    Advancing Cerebro-cerebellar Network Imaging with Ultra-high Field (7T) MRI: Progress and Future Challenges · 2026 · DOI

  • The improvement in image quality when using SPIRiT regularization is subtle and may not be significant at higher sample fractions. The study only investigated a limited number of datasets (brain, knee, and ankle). A study of much more data would be required to make conclusions about the optimal values of λ and γ.

    SPIRiT Regularization: Parallel MRI with a Combination of Sensitivity Encoding and Linear Predictability · 2026 · DOI

  • A study of much more data would be required to make conclusions about the optimal values of λ and γ. The investigation of the use of SPIRiT regularization in other imaging modalities. The development of new methods to further improve image quality in MRI.

    SPIRiT Regularization: Parallel MRI with a Combination of Sensitivity Encoding and Linear Predictability · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for large amounts of labeled data. The lack of robustness to domain shifts across diverse MRI sequences.

    Large-scale multi-sequence pretraining for generalizable MRI analysis in versatile clinical applications · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of large-scale multi-sequence MRI datasets. The need for self-supervised learning methods for MRI analysis.

    Large-scale multi-sequence pretraining for generalizable MRI analysis in versatile clinical applications · 2026 · DOI

  • The mechanisms underlying epilepsy-related cognitive impairment remain incompletely understood. The role of altered cerebral perfusion in cognitive dysfunction is not fully elucidated. Prior work has not fully investigated the relationship between epilepsy and cognitive impairment using 3D-pCASL imaging.

    Assessing cognitive impairment in epilepsy using Arterial spin-labeled (ASL) perfusion imaging · 2026 · DOI

  • The study aims to address this gap by using 5 T MRI and ASL perfusion imaging.

    Capability of arterial spin labeling combined with morphological characteristics to distinguish early- and mid-stage chronic kidney disease: a prospective study on 5 T MRI · 2026 · DOI

  • Cerebrovascular dysfunction contributes to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the complementary value of arterial spin labeling (ASL)-derived cerebral blood flow (CBF) and breath-hold cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) for multivariate MRI classification remains unclear.

    Combined Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Reactivity MRI for Multivariate Classification of Clinically Defined Mild Cognitive Impairment · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not address other motion artifacts such as those caused by cardiac motion and vessel pulsation. The reduced refocusing flip angle in accelerated T2WI necessitated a longer TE to maintain T2 contrast equivalent to that in routine T2WI.

    Leveraging a vendor-neutral deep learning reconstruction algorithm to reduce scan time and enhance image quality in T2-weighted liver MRI · 2026 · DOI

  • TOF-MRA has well-recognized inherent weaknesses, including signal loss in regions of turbulent or slow flow. CE TR-MRA requires intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents, which have implications for patients with renal impairment. ASL is a non-invasive perfusion MRI technique, but its sensitivity and specificity may be limited.

    Beyond the flow: the evolving role of magnetic resonance imaging in arteriovenous shunt evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • Most sites develop and use custom coils for 7 T body MRI since no standard pTx body coil exists, leading to diverse coil designs differing in transmit element type, layout, and number of receive channels.

    Evaluation of 7 Tesla pTx Body Coils Regarding Transmit and Receive Performance · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite current limitations, improvements in acquisition methods for 7T images are expanding the possible…

    Clinical Research for the Use of 7 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Spinal Pathologies: a Scoping Review · 2026 · DOI

  • Developing the system for use with other MRI scanner models, - Improving the climate chamber design for large-scale plant imaging, - Exploring the use of the system for other research applications.

    In-bore climate control chamber for magnetic resonance imaging of living plants · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the use of the pad at different field strengths, - Testing the pad with different types of MRI scans, - Conducting clinical trials to assess the pad's effectiveness in a larger…

    A Flexible Graphite–Silicone Pad for Improved Fat Suppression in Cervical Spine MRI at 5 T via Passive B 0 Shimming · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to fully understand the potential of 3D UTE MRI for visualization of SPIO-labeled cells, - Research on the optimization of the UTE sequence for different types of cells and tissues, - Investigation of the use of 3D UTE MRI for monitoring transplanted cells…

    Visualization of SPIO-labeled pancreatic islets and stem cells using a 3D ultrashort echo time sequences · 2026 · DOI

  • The relatively small sample size, - The limited sensitivity of the MMSE in detecting subtle cognitive deficits, - MMSE performance may be influenced by educational and sociocultural…

    Assessing cognitive impairment in epilepsy using Arterial spin-labeled (ASL) perfusion imaging · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) All participants had clinically diagnosed TLE, therefore, the applicability of the results to other epilepsy subtypes or neurological disorders remains to be established (“Evaluation of regularization factor and attenuation correction method of…”, 2026); (2) The lack of simultaneous transmit and receive systems with sufficiently high isolation (“Frequency-encoded magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic radio frequency field…”, 2026); (3) Previous hypercapnia studies using BOLD MRI have reported reduced or negative WM cerebrovascular reactivity, but whether these findings reflect true reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains unclear (“Hemodynamic Responses in the White Matter (WM): Reduced Blood Flow in Deep WM…”, 2026); (4) Although orientation dependence of R2 and R2* in white matter (WM) has been attributed primarily to myelin, the vascular contribution to R2' has not been systematically characterized (“Orientation Dependence of R2' in White Matter: Digital Characterization,…”, 2026); (5) Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) reflects the balance between cerebral oxygen delivery and metabolic demand, but its normative evolution across the human lifespan remains unknown (“Oxygen extraction fraction brain charts for human lifespan and application for…”, 2026). 156 gap statements have been mined from Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,574 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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