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Open research questions in Blood groups and transfusion

164 gap statements mined from Blood groups and transfusion papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 789 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The limited and inconclusive evidence on the association between ABO and RhD blood groups and epilepsy. The need for a comprehensive evaluation of the association. The lack of large-scale studies on this topic.

    ABO and RhD Blood Groups in Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Case–Control Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap is related to the incorrect reporting of statistics and conclusions.

    Comment on “ABO blood group distribution in patients with upper urinary tract stones: a case–control study” · 2026 · DOI

  • Although antibody‐opsonized RBCs are thought to be cleared partly through macrophage Fcγ receptor‐mediated phagocytosis, the Fcγ receptors involved in phagocytosis induced by non‐D alloantibodies remain incompletely defined.

    Blocking FcγRI and FcγRIII reduces RBC phagocytosis induced by patient‐derived anti‐E and anti‐K alloantibodies in vitro · 2026 · DOI

  • Currently, little is known about the experience, well-being, and unmet needs of the maternal patients affected by these conditions.

    Patient perspectives on pregnancy affected by hemolytic disease of the infant and newborn or fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia · 2026 · DOI

  • Furthermore, the relevance and suitability of disease-agnostic patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments in capturing these experiences remains to be evaluated.

    Patient perspectives on pregnancy affected by hemolytic disease of the infant and newborn or fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia · 2026 · DOI

  • Whether combination treatment with this novel CORM and other agents such as heme scavengers or antisickling compounds provides further advantage for both chronic hemolysis and hyperhemolytic events remains to be explored.

    Improving CORM technology for the treatment of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction · 2024 · DOI

  • It highlights the need for accurate serology and molecular confirmation to manage these risks. The review also discusses the challenges associated with managing the Bombay and para-Bombay phenotypes in different clinical settings.

    Bombay and para-Bombay blood group phenotypes: Molecular basis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and transfusion management: An extended review · 2026 · DOI

  • The study notes the need for larger studies to confirm the findings.

    Frequency of Alloimmunization in Patients on Regular Blood Transfusion in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited to data from the Lithuanian Institute of Hygiene. Systematic documentation of Rh D status began only in 2021, requiring retrospective estimation for earlier years.

    NĖŠČIŲJŲ SENSIBILIZACIJOS ATVEJŲ SKAIČIAUS POKYČIAI LIETUVOJE 2014–2023 METAIS · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite widespread use of anti-D immunoprophylaxis, cases of sensitization are still detected. There is a need to assess changes in sensitization cases over time and evaluate the effectiveness of anti-D immunoprophylaxis.

    NĖŠČIŲJŲ SENSIBILIZACIJOS ATVEJŲ SKAIČIAUS POKYČIAI LIETUVOJE 2014–2023 METAIS · 2026 · DOI

  • The complexity of red blood cell membranes and the need for a revised understanding of blood compatibility. The need to shift away from earlier whole-cell oscillation language.

    Blood-Type Compatibility as Surface Resonance Interface Matching in USP Field Theory: ABO Glycan Geometry, Antibody Binding Thresholds, Complement Activation, and Measurable Δf Proxies · 2026 · DOI

  • The earlier whole-cell language did not accurately describe blood-type compatibility. There is a need for a revised understanding of blood compatibility as a surface phenomenon.

    Blood-Type Compatibility as Surface Resonance Interface Matching in USP Field Theory: ABO Glycan Geometry, Antibody Binding Thresholds, Complement Activation, and Measurable Δf Proxies · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a research gap in the management of DAT-positive blood components, as there is currently no clear protocol for the risk-based approach. The study highlights the need for further research on the clinical outcomes of patients who receive DAT-positive blood components. The authors note that there is a lack of data on the frequency of DAT positivity in healthy individuals and blood donors in Korea.

    Management of Blood Components with Positive Direct Antiglobulin Test Results · 2026 · DOI

  • Further prospective, multicenter studies are warranted to fully elucidate the potential genetic and immunological mechanisms underlying TTN pathogenesis.

    Evaluation of the Association Between ABO/Rh Blood Groups and Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: A Retrospective Case-Control Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Literature evaluating the role of the ABO system in transition-period pulmonary physiology remains scarce, with most studies focusing on hemolytic disease and thrombotic risks.

    Evaluation of the Association Between ABO/Rh Blood Groups and Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: A Retrospective Case-Control Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap in the current understanding is the lack of knowledge on the underlying mechanism of the phenotype. The paper identifies a need for further advanced studies to elucidate the molecular basis of the phenotype.

    A Distinct Approach for Molecular ABO Typing: A Case of Serology-Genotype Discrepancy Within a Family · 2026 · DOI

  • The patient had experienced multiple severe hemolytic relapses despite prior treatments. The patient had failed multiple immunosuppressive regimens, including rituximab. The need to balance the efficacy of bortezomib with potential adverse effects, such as peripheral neuropathy.

    When All Else Fails: Complete Remission with Bortezomib in a Child with Life-Threatening Refractory Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia · 2026 · DOI

  • Vaccine-associated IMHA has been proposed in dogs, in which onset within roughly one month of vaccination has been described but a comparable association has not been established in cats.

    Clinical Findings, Treatment and Long-Term Outcome in 37 Cats with Non-Associative Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: A Retrospective Observational Study of Two Treatment Cohorts · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of MZB1 expression and its association with long-term maintenance of high anti-HBs titers. Studies are needed to develop novel strategies to improve the immune responses to HepB vaccination. Research is needed to validate the findings of this study in larger cohorts.

    MZB1 expression levels are associated with long-term maintenance of high anti-HBs titers: single-cell RNA-seq with validation by nested case-control and intervention studies · 2026 · DOI

  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) are rare endocrine malignancies with poorly defined risk factors, in contrast to the more common pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), for which non-O ABO blood group is a well-established susceptibility marker.

    Genetically determined ABO blood group, secretor status, Lewis antigens, and panNEN risk · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper suggests that population genotyping can pre-identify rare donors in high-prevalence regions. It proposes that harmonized variant classification and prospective functional studies can standardize counseling. The review also suggests that enzymatic engineering of donor red cells can provide a contingency capacity during surges or in geographically isolated settings.

    Bombay and para-Bombay blood group phenotypes: Molecular basis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and transfusion management: An extended review · 2026 · DOI

  • The rarity of solid tumor-associated AIHA, particularly with pancreatic adenocarcinoma - The lack of understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of AIHA in this context - The need for further studies to clarify the clinical significance…

    Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Showing Ectopic Expression of Band 3 Protein: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigation of differential immune responsiveness in larger studies, - Confirmation of findings in larger cohorts, - Larger studies to confirm the association between donor-recipient ethnic matching…

    Frequency of Alloimmunization in Patients on Regular Blood Transfusion in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Further advanced studies utilizing wholegene sequencing (including regulatory and promoter regions), promoter methylation analysis, or transcriptional assays are required to definitively elucidate the molecular basis…

    A Distinct Approach for Molecular ABO Typing: A Case of Serology-Genotype Discrepancy Within a Family · 2026 · DOI

  • Prospective studies to establish optimal dosing, timing, and combination strategies, - Investigation of bortezomib in pediatric refractory AIHA and autoimmune cytopenias, - Study of the mechanism of action of bortezomib…

    When All Else Fails: Complete Remission with Bortezomib in a Child with Life-Threatening Refractory Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Blood groups and transfusion

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Currently, little is known about the experience, well-being, and unmet needs of the maternal patients affected by these conditions (“Patient perspectives on pregnancy affected by hemolytic disease of the infant…”, 2026); (2) There is a need to assess changes in sensitization cases over time and evaluate the effectiveness of anti-D immunoprophylaxis (“NĖŠČIŲJŲ SENSIBILIZACIJOS ATVEJŲ SKAIČIAUS POKYČIAI LIETUVOJE 2014–2023 METAIS”, 2026); (3) There is a need for a revised understanding of blood compatibility as a surface phenomenon (“Blood-Type Compatibility as Surface Resonance Interface Matching in USP Field…”, 2026); (4) The authors note that there is a lack of data on the frequency of DAT positivity in healthy individuals and blood donors in Korea (“Management of Blood Components with Positive Direct Antiglobulin Test Results”, 2026); (5) Further prospective, multicenter studies are warranted to fully elucidate the potential genetic and immunological mechanisms underlying TTN pathogenesis (“Evaluation of the Association Between ABO/Rh Blood Groups and Transient…”, 2026). 164 gap statements have been mined from Blood groups and transfusion papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 789 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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