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Open research questions in Cancer and Skin Lesions

62 gap statements mined from Cancer and Skin Lesions papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 640 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The study is a case report, which may not be representative of all EMPD cases. The sample size is limited to one patient.

    Photodynamic technology for delineating surgical margins in recurrent extramammary Paget’s disease: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of precise preoperative margin positioning methods in EMPD treatment. The limitations of conventional MMS in controlling the margins.

    Photodynamic technology for delineating surgical margins in recurrent extramammary Paget’s disease: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the diagnosis of Paget's disease, where conventional imaging may not detect the underlying malignancy. There is a need for increased awareness and clinical suspicion of Paget's disease in patients with persistent unilateral nipple-areolar dermatitis.

    Paget’s disease of the nipple with occult ductal carcinoma in situ despite negative conventional imaging: A case report · 2026 · DOI

  • Diagnosis is challenging due to its rarity and clinical resemblance to common benign perianal lesions. There is a lack of research on the management of Hidradenoma papilliferum. Malignant transformation is a potential risk.

    Integrated management of Medoja granthi (Hidradenoma papilliferum): A rare case report · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the management of Hidradenoma papilliferum using an integrated approach. There is a need for more studies on the effectiveness of histopathological examination in diagnosis.

    Integrated management of Medoja granthi (Hidradenoma papilliferum): A rare case report · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness about pilomatricoma as a differential diagnosis for subcutaneous lateral neck masses. Pilomatricoma is a rare and benign skin tumor that can occur in the submandibular region.

    The great mimicker: a case of neck pilomatricoma masked as submandibular gland · 2026 · DOI

  • The diagnosis and treatment of hidrocystoma can be challenging due to its rarity and similarity to other cystic lesions. There is a lack of reported cases of hidrocystoma in the retroauricular region, particularly in pediatric patients.

    Uncommon Presentation of Hidrocystoma in a 14-Year-Old Girl · 2026 · DOI

  • Onkozytome des Augenlids are rare and difficult to diagnose. There is a need for more studies on the clinical and histological features of the tumors.

    Onkozytom des Augenlids: Fallserie mit histopathologischer Korrelation · 2026 · DOI

  • In the literature published to date, conflicting findings have been reported regarding radiosensitivity and unscheduled DNA synthesis in patients with Rothmund–Thomson syndrome.

    Rapidly progressive acral necrosis and secondary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with Rothmund–Thomson syndrome · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on the development of more accurate and reliable methods for intraoperative cytology. The study of molecular analyses and their application to the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric anaplastic ependymoma is necessary.

    Pediatric anaplastic ependymoma — intraoperative cytology and histopathological grading roles in the morpho-molecular era · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a reliable method to differentiate between benign and malignant cutaneous horns. The lack of awareness of the dermoscopic changes that distinguish between benign and malignant lesions.

    Benign or malignant cutaneous horn: Dermoscopy to rescue · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited understanding of the tumor's characteristics. Difficulty in distinguishing the tumor from other vulvar masses.

    Vulvar angiomyofibroblastoma misdiagnosed as subcutaneous lipoma: a case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • In conclusion, the present case report adds to the very limited literature available on EICs of the male nipple, representing one of the small number of documented cases. Finally, as a single case report, these observations cannot be generalized, and larger series are warranted to better define the presentation and management of male nipple EICs.

    Epidermal inclusion cyst in male nipple: A case report and a brief review of the literature · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited understanding of the malignant transformation of epidermal cysts. Limited reporting of radiological assessment and histopathological examination.

    Squamous cell carcinoma arising from an epidermal cyst: A case series of 5 cases and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • The controversy surrounding IFK may explain why it is not included in the WHO classification. There is a lack of understanding of the genetic characterization of combined tumors comprising IFK and adnexal neoplasms.

    Combined inverted follicular keratosis and adnexal tumors: a series of 12 cases · 2026 · DOI

  • However, no consensus has been established regarding the optimal surgical margin for PCMC, with reported margins ranging from 5 mm to an average of approximately 12.

    Early Recurrence of Non-neuroendocrine Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma of the Eyelid After Surgical Excision: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • Introduction and purpose: Paraneoplastic syndromes (PS) are conditions associated with malignant tumours whose mechanism of onset is not fully understood.

    Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes. Dermatological manifestations associated with malignancies · 2025 · DOI

  • While CDKN2A loss is known to be associated with tumour progression or poor prognosis in some types of cancer, its significance in EMPD has not been investigated.

    Association of genetic alterations with prognosis in extramammary Paget disease: insights into the involvement of somatic CDKN2A variants in patients with a poor prognosis · 2024 · DOI

  • Previous studies have reported the mutational landscape in extramammary Paget disease (EMPD); however, the prognostic implications of genetic alterations remain unexplored.

    Association of genetic alterations with prognosis in extramammary Paget disease: insights into the involvement of somatic CDKN2A variants in patients with a poor prognosis · 2024 · DOI

  • Somatic CGP studies of EMPD are scarce, due to disease rarity, and are limited by small cohorts with unspecified disease stages and incomplete genomic profiling.

    Genomics predicting prognosis in metastatic extramammary Paget disease · 2024 · DOI

  • CONTEXT: Approximately 150 patients with juvenile gigantomastia have been reported in the literature but the underlying biologic mechanisms remain unknown.

    Role of ERα and Aromatase in Juvenile Gigantomastia · 2024 · DOI

  • AFX is a superficial variant of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), which shares histologic similarities, yet the exact relationship between AFX/PDS and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is still not well understood.

    Atypical Fibroxanthoma Treated with a Topical Combination of Imiquimod, Tazarotene, and 5-Fluorouracil · 2024 · DOI

  • OF KEY FINDINGS RELEVANT LITERATURE FML is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance and is often underrecognized without systematic family history.

    Limb-Predominant Familial Multiple Lipomatosis: The Role of En Bloc Excision and Systematic Pedigree in Modern Surgical Practice – A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • Cutaneous adverse events of targeted therapy are common, are systematically under-recognised by treating physicians relative to patient experience,12 materially life,10,11 and drive modifications of anticancer therapy.

    Afatinib-Induced Acneiform Eruption in EGFR Exon 21 L858R-Mutant Stage IVA Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma: Dermoscopy-Supported Diagnosis and Complete Resolution Fifteen Days After Drug Withdrawal · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies on the occurrence of hidrocystoma in pediatric patients - Investigation of the impact of chronic mechanical irritation on local inflammatory…

    Uncommon Presentation of Hidrocystoma in a 14-Year-Old Girl · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Cancer and Skin Lesions

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of precise preoperative margin positioning methods in EMPD treatment (“Photodynamic technology for delineating surgical margins in recurrent…”, 2026); (2) There is a need for increased awareness and clinical suspicion of Paget's disease in patients with persistent unilateral nipple-areolar dermatitis (“Paget’s disease of the nipple with occult ductal carcinoma in situ despite…”, 2026); (3) There is a lack of research on the management of Hidradenoma papilliferum (“Integrated management of Medoja granthi (Hidradenoma papilliferum): A rare case…”, 2026); (4) There is a lack of awareness about pilomatricoma as a differential diagnosis for subcutaneous lateral neck masses (“The great mimicker: a case of neck pilomatricoma masked as submandibular gland”, 2026); (5) There is a lack of reported cases of hidrocystoma in the retroauricular region, particularly in pediatric patients (“Uncommon Presentation of Hidrocystoma in a 14-Year-Old Girl”, 2026). 62 gap statements have been mined from Cancer and Skin Lesions papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 640 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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