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Open research questions in Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling

149 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 390 Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Patients with rheumatologic disease or immunosuppressive therapy are often excluded from HFpEF trials, - The mechanisms linking inflammation to HFpEF remain underdescribed in this population, - The generalizability of HFpEF trials is limited due to the exclusion of patients with rheumatologic disease

    Rheumatologic Disease as a Substrate for HFpEF: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Implications · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the role of anti-inflammatory strategies in HFpEF among rheumatologic subgroups, - Exploring the mechanisms linking inflammation to HFpEF in rheumatologic diseases, - Conducting HFpEF trials that include patients with rheumatologic disease or immunosuppressive therapy

    Rheumatologic Disease as a Substrate for HFpEF: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Implications · 2026 · DOI

  • limited standardization of aging biomarkers, - insufficient longitudinal validation, - unresolved concerns regarding the long-term safety and optimal timing of interventions

    Cardiovascular aging as a modifiable biological process: Mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and translational opportunities · 2026 · DOI

  • well-designed randomized trials that prioritize structure- and function-based endpoints, - implementation science to translate geroprotective strategies into real-world clinical practice

    Cardiovascular aging as a modifiable biological process: Mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and translational opportunities · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to explore the potential crosstalk between glycolysis and fibrosis in HF, - Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying HF and identifying reliable biomarkers are of critical clinical importance, - Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying HF

    Identification of glycolysis- and myocardial fibrosis-related diagnostic biomarkers in heart failure: an integrative bioinformatics and machine learning study · 2026 · DOI

  • The complexity of the molecular mechanisms of cardiac remodeling in diabetes following myocardial infarction. The need to develop a suitable animal model to study the effects of diabetes on cardiac remodeling. The challenge of identifying novel target genes involved in diabetes-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and proliferation.

    Identification of novel target genes in exaggerated cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction in diabetes · 2025 · DOI

  • Most nanotherapeutics for MI remain at the preclinical stage, - The heavy reliance on animal models represents a major limitation in the development of NP-NDDS for AMI, - Anatomical, physiological, and pathological differences between species

    Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems targeting inflammatory immune mechanisms in acute myocardial infarction: current advances and perspectives · 2025 · DOI

  • Developing targeted therapies against immune-mediated injury in AMI, - Exploring clinical applications of NP-NDDS for AMI

    Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems targeting inflammatory immune mechanisms in acute myocardial infarction: current advances and perspectives · 2025 · DOI

  • Background Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, yet the crosstalk between energy metabolism reprogramming and myocardial fibrosis remains poorly understood.

    Identification of glycolysis- and myocardial fibrosis-related diagnostic biomarkers in heart failure: an integrative bioinformatics and machine learning study · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the effect of metabolic alterations such as hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) on this inter-organ communication remains unknown.

    Healthy bone marrow transplantation into hypertriglyceridemic rats improves cardiac reparative fibrosis post-myocardial infarction · 2026 · DOI

  • Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI), yet its molecular mechanisms exacerbating post-MI cardiac remodeling remain unclear.

    Identification of novel target genes in exaggerated cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction in diabetes · 2025 · DOI

  • The association between atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart failure is not well understood. There is a need to identify new therapeutic targets for the joint treatment of these conditions.

    Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of hub genes in ischemic heart failure and atrial fibrillation · 2025 · DOI

  • The association between AF and the subtype of HF, Ischaemic heart failure (IHF), remains insufficiently described, despite their high prevalence.

    Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of hub genes in ischemic heart failure and atrial fibrillation · 2025 · DOI

  • Ershen Zhenwu Decoction (ESZWD) is a Xin'an medicine that has been clinically applied for years and had good efficacy against CHF; however, its underlying mechanisms remain undetermined.

    Mechanism of Ershen Zhenwu Decoction in ameliorating chronic heart failure via JNK/MAPK-regulated apoptosis: insights from network pharmacology and experimental validation · 2025 · DOI

  • Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, yet its connection to ICM remains unclear.

    Comprehensive analysis of aging-related genes and immune infiltration landscape in ischemic cardiomyopathy · 2025 · DOI

  • Age-related cardiac fibrosis is a key driver of heart failure and hallmark of aging whose mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

    Succinate-driven PKM2 succinylation and dimerization accelerates age-associated cardiac fibrosis · 2025 · DOI

  • These results suggest immunomodulation should be further explored to prevent MACE in patients with CAP.

    CXCR3 promotes development of heart failure following severe pneumococcal disease 2625 · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite the significant impact of these adverse events, there is limited research underlying mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated cardiotoxicities.

    Myeloid specific PD-L1 deletion promotes cardiac dysfunction and myocardial inflammation 2162 · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the precise role of myeloid-specific PD-L1 (myeloid-PD-L1) signaling in mediating autoimmune cardiac disease pathology remains unclear.

    Myeloid specific PD-L1 deletion promotes cardiac dysfunction and myocardial inflammation 2162 · 2025 · DOI

  • However, its diagnostic value in patients with ICM and its function and molecular mechanism in regulating cardiac repair and remodelling after MI remain unknown.

    ITIH5-mediated fibroblast/macrophage crosstalk exacerbates cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction · 2025 · DOI

  • However, whether CTRP9 affects diabetic myocardial fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms remains unclear.

    Knockout of C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-9 aggravates cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice by regulating YAP-mediated autophagy · 2024 · DOI

  • Cuproptosis is a newly defined type of programmed cell death that is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood.

    Potential molecular and cellular mechanisms of the effects of cuproptosis-related genes in the cardiomyocytes of patients with diabetic heart failure: a bioinformatics analysis · 2024 · DOI

  • Background Sacubitril/valsartan (SacVal) has been shown to improve the prognosis of heart failure; however, whether SacVal reduces the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure has not yet been elucidated.

    Sacubitril/valsartan attenuates atrial conduction disturbance and electrophysiological heterogeneity with ameliorating fibrosis in mice · 2024 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: Myocardial fibrosis, a hallmark of heart disease, is closely associated with macrophages, yet the genetic pathophysiology remains incompletely understood.

    Identification of macrophage driver genes in fibrosis caused by different heart diseases based on omics integration · 2024 · DOI

  • Nonetheless, the clinical significance and biological mechanism of neutrophil-related PCD remain unexplored.

    Leveraging a neutrophil-derived PCD signature to predict and stratify patients with acute myocardial infarction: from AI prediction to biological interpretation · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling

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149 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 390 Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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