Open research questions in Coaching Methods and Impact
221 gap statements mined from Coaching Methods and Impact papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,047 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.
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What the literature leaves open
The need for more empirical research to solidify the team coaching approach has been previously remarked yet needs to be reiterated. However, advancements are being made, and more recent research has attempted to be more descriptive and transparent in their approaches (e.g.,).
What does skilled coaching look like when learners discuss diverse racial or ethnic identities, or when such diversity occurs within the coach-coachee dyad? Medical education literature is sparse, and the extensive business and wellness coaching literature does not account for physician identity formation or the inherent hierarchies in graduate medical education.
The Role of Racial Identity in Coaching: A Grounded Theory Study of Coaches Outside of and Within Medical Education · 2025 · DOIThe paper identifies the challenge of recognizing that goals are not always static and may change during a coaching intervention. It highlights the challenge of balancing the need for structure and direction in coaching with the need for flexibility and adaptability. The paper challenges the dominant thinking in business around performance and its limitations in the coaching context.
The paper identifies a gap in the coaching literature regarding the assumption that goals are always static and good. It highlights the need for a new understanding of coaching practice that recognizes the complexity and uncertainty of the coaching context.
The paper highlights the need for an embodied, experiential approach to executive coaching.
There is a need for ongoing professional learning opportunities for coaches to learn about coaching. There is a lack of research on coaches' job-embedded opportunities to learn about coaching.
How do mathematics coaches learn about coaching?: An analysis using the system of negotiation · 2026 · DOIFuture research could explore the application of creativity-centered coaching in different organizational settings. Future research could also investigate the effectiveness of the coaching approach in overcoming blockages and strengthening creativity.
There is a gap in how physicians might apply coaching principles in direct interactions with patients and families. The existing literature largely positions clinicians as recipients of coaching.
From clinician to coach: promoting early relational health and language development in primary pediatric care · 2026 · DOIMoving ahead, future research should focus on exploring culturally diverse coaching environments, employing larger and more representative coach samples, and investigating the design and delivery of CEP’s tailored to the specific needs of the youth participation sports coach.
Lack of input from learners on educators' coaching behaviors. Limited evidence on the development of teacher feedback literacy. Need for a framework to support upward coaching conversations.
Existing leadership assessment tools, such as the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Questionnaire, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), and Coaching Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) were developed for either fully in-person or fully remote settings, leaving critical gaps in understanding leadership effectiveness when asynchronous communication and fragmented relational contexts are present.
Assessing leadership in hybrid work: developing a comprehensive framework for leader-follower dynamics · 2026 · DOIFuture research should investigate mediating psychological mechanisms, examine conditions under which coaching could be effective in impacting a wider array of outcomes, and adopt longitudinal designs to examine coaching’s long-term impact on faculty performance, engagement, and retention in academic medicine.
Unlocking Faculty Potential: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Coaching and Academic Performance in Health Care Settings · 2026 · DOIAlthough prior research highlights the centrality of supervisor–employee relationships for effective coaching, little is known about whether employees' perceptions of the quality of the coaching relationship (PQECR) change over time and how such change shapes work outcomes.
Employee Perceptions of Coaching Relationship Quality: A Change‐Over‐Time Study of Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions · 2026 · DOIThe need to address problematic heteropatriarchal, ableist, and colonial sporting structures and cultures. The challenge of developing a gender and diversity-responsive coaching workforce.
Gender and Diversity Responsive Coaching: Building Capacity Through Relational, Feminist-Informed, Intersectional, Transdisciplinary, and E/Affective Coach Development · 2025 · DOIThe need for a more holistic and innovative approach to address wicked problems in sport. The lack of attention to the sociomateriality of sports coaching.
Gender and Diversity Responsive Coaching: Building Capacity Through Relational, Feminist-Informed, Intersectional, Transdisciplinary, and E/Affective Coach Development · 2025 · DOIA limitation of this study is that it only covered one case and can therefore only be seen as a basis to form hypotheses regarding the potential outcome of applying the DSC to SOOTs.
Most of professional training programs contain the following elements: using active listening and open questions to tackle issues such as pupil behaviour, reaching their full potential by putting in place realistic goals and plans to achievethem, taking responsibility for their own progress through change, building rapports that can turn previously difficult interactions into productive ones.
Some studies have examined humor in organizations (Yarwood, 1995), but other forms of playful communication have not been studied, including how playful communication works in the mentoring process.
Playful Communication in Mentoring. · 2005The paper identifies the need for managers to develop their coaching skills. It highlights the importance of creating a climate that contributes to a free and open exchange of ideas.
Although some of the data from this study may not be relevant outside the school districts in Virginia that employ designated guidance directors, there are several findings that should be considered by all district-level guidance supervisors and counselor educators. Based on the findings of this study, we offer the following recommendations: 1.
However, many managers struggle to build coachability because the relational behaviors that enable it are poorly understood.
When sales managers stop pretending to be perfect: vulnerability as a catalyst for sales coachability · 2025 · DOIIdentifying the competencies internal team coaches need. Developing an evidence-based guide for training internal team coaches. Integrating the literature to form a comprehensive understanding of team coaching.
In light of this trend, against the limited literature on coach mentoring and the risks of superficial treatment by coach education systems, this article critically discusses the role of the mentor in coach development, the nature of the mentor–mentee relationship, and, most specifically, how expertise in the mentee may best be developed.
The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of creativity-centered coaching and its application in organizational settings. The paper highlights the importance of considering the situativ-gelebte Rolle in the coaching process.
The study involved a web‐based questionnaire (163 closed and three open questions) completed by 71 executive coaching clients shortly after the beginning of their coaching contract and by 31 of those again approximately six months later.
Most-cited papers in Coaching Methods and Impact
- Relational agency: Learning to be a resourceful practitioner · International Journal of Educational Research · 2005 · 518 citations
- Coach Education and Continuing Professional Development: Experience and Learning to Coach · Quest · 2003 · 470 citations
- Supervision: A Conceptual Model · The Counseling Psychologist · 1982 · 426 citations
- A Working Alliance Based Model of Supervision · The Counseling Psychologist · 1983 · 422 citations
- The Feedback Environment Scale: Construct Definition, Measurement, and Validation · Educational and Psychological Measurement · 2004 · 381 citations
- Using Coaching to Improve the Fidelity of Evidence-Based Practices: A Review of Studies · Teacher Education and Special Education The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children · 2010 · 319 citations
- Executive Coaching: A Review and Agenda for Future Research · Journal of Management · 2005 · 317 citations
- Instructional Coaching as High-Quality Professional Development · Theory Into Practice · 2016 · 302 citations
- Learning to Coach through Experience: Reflection in Model Youth Sport Coaches · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · 2001 · 283 citations
- Supporting Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices Through Practice-Based Coaching · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · 2015 · 281 citations
Most recent work
- Navigating faculty coaching: a framework of key considerations · Academic Medicine · 2026
- Coaching and its effectiveness in organizations: Reflecting on a decade of research, looking forward to future challenges · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · 2026
- Are AI Coaching Agents Learning Friend or Foe?: A Qualitative Study of Learning and Development Leaders' Perceptions of AI Coaching Agents Using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 · International Journal of Training and Development · 2026
- Family functioning and NSSI urges among college students: a moderated chain mediation model · BMC Psychology · 2026
- Refining the Measurement of Employee Coaching Frequency and Expertise: A Mediation Study of Supervisor-Employee Coaching Relationships, In-Role Behaviours, and Turnover Intentions · Advances in Developing Human Resources · 2026
- Personal resources in organizational contexts. An on-line career coaching intervention for workers: “Up resources, up organizations” · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · 2026
- Creating high-quality coaching conversations: a video-based analysis of executive coach behaviour in initial coach–client interactions · Human Resource Development International · 2026
- Game is the teacher? Understandings and misunderstandings of games-based approaches · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · 2026
- An Investigation of Canada’s National Coaching Certification Program’s Coaching Outcomes · International Sport Coaching Journal · 2026
- Navigating Grief: A Call for Loving, Nurturing, and Wholly Generative Academic Friendships · Journal of Management Studies · 2026
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