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Open research questions in Competency Development and Evaluation

162 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,525 Competency Development and Evaluation papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • There is limited evidence on the competency development needs of hospital managers in Iran that can guide setting training and development direction.

    Identifying competency development needs of hospital managers in Iran: a national survey · 2025 · DOI

  • The skills gap between higher education and labor market demands is a persistent problem. Traditional teaching approaches are no longer effective in meeting labor market demands. Competency-based education requires significant changes to existing curricula and instructional methods.

    Rethinking Educational Pedagogy to Bridge the Skills Gap: The Impact of Competency-Based Learning at Kepler College · 2026 · DOI

  • The study acknowledges differences in academic maturity and prior exposure to the curriculum between cohorts. The study has a limited sample size of 282 students. The study only examines the impact of competency-based learning at Kepler College.

    Rethinking Educational Pedagogy to Bridge the Skills Gap: The Impact of Competency-Based Learning at Kepler College · 2026 · DOI

  • One of the challenges is the lack of a consistent definition of competence. Another challenge is the difficulty in measuring performance and management competence.

    Management Competence and the Performance of County Governments in Kenya: The Moderating Effect of Organizational Resources · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies can examine the relationship between management competence, organizational resources, and performance in other contexts. Future studies can also explore the mechanisms by which organizational resources moderate the relationship between management competence and performance.

    Management Competence and the Performance of County Governments in Kenya: The Moderating Effect of Organizational Resources · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the impact of performance management on organisational growth and individual growth. The study of the alignment of performance management with strategic objectives should be continued. Research on the development of effective performance management systems in higher education institutions is needed.

    Performance management as a mechanism for strategic implementation in higher education: DUT Envision 2030 perspective · 2026 · DOI

  • Buyani Nkabinde (a)* Phumlani Dlamikile (b) (a,b) Durban University of Technology, Department of Public Management, Law and Economics, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 10 January 2026 Received in rev. form 08 March 2026 Accepted 21 March 2026 Keywords: Performance Management, Strategic Implementation, DUT Envision 2030, Higher Education, Staff Retention JEL Classification: I23, M12, I28 Strategic implementation necessitates efficient change and performance management, as performance assessment typically relies on the execution of strategic objectives to establish key performance areas, which workers subsequently utilize to create customized key performance indicators. Consequently, higher education institutions are progressively dependent on performance management to attain institutional and strategic goals and results. The Durban University of Technology (DUT) has formulated the Envision 2030 strategy to promote research and development, innovation and entrepreneurship, collaboration and partnership, and enhance student access and success, while embracing digital transformation and technology, in alignment with the National Development Plan. Performance management is essential for converting strategic objectives into practical goals and improving performance in both education and research. This research seeks to examine the use of performance management as a mechanism for strategic implementation in higher education institutions, specifically focusing on DUT and its related factors through a qualitative methodology. This necessitated an examination of literature, publications, national policies, and criteria for inclusion and exclusion to synthesize data. A theoretical review allowed the researcher to gain insights and synthesize information. The research indicates that performance management can align individuals and departments with the overarching organizational plan, exemplified by the DUT Envision 2030 initiative, which promotes accountability and employee growth. The DUT has integrated its Envision 2030 Living Values into the performance management process to promote accountability and ethical conduct while attaining its overarching institutional strategic objectives. Performance management is a crucial instrument for executing the Envision 2030 strategy, accomplished by linking strategic objectives with individual employee goals to foster engagement, responsibility, and overall organizational performance. This research enhances the existing knowledge base by emphasizing value-oriented resource management and personnel development in strategic execution through performance management. © 2026 by the authors. Licensee Bussecon International, Istanbul, Turkey. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

    Performance management as a mechanism for strategic implementation in higher education: DUT Envision 2030 perspective · 2026 · DOI

  • The LCI framework can be applicable across any domain where human capability development can be observed behaviourally. The LCI has the potential to function as a national human capability measurement standard.

    Learning Capability Index (LCI): A Framework for Real-Time Adaptive Human Capability Measurement in Education · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap between what a student understands, knows and how effectively they can apply, recall, and build on that knowledge in real-world scenarios. Conventional educational assessments fail to capture the dynamic, behavioural dimensions of learning capability.

    Learning Capability Index (LCI): A Framework for Real-Time Adaptive Human Capability Measurement in Education · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited to the Development stage of the ADDIE model. The model validation is based on expert feedback, which may have biases.

    Development of a Partnership-Based Managerial Competency Model for School Principals through Transformational Leadership · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a significant research gap in the development of managerial competencies in primary school principals. Previous studies have not integrated transformational leadership, managerial competence, and strategic partnership in a comprehensive framework.

    Development of a Partnership-Based Managerial Competency Model for School Principals through Transformational Leadership · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap in preparing future heads of educational institutions for professional activity. The need for developing skills to solve problems arising during the modeling of the strategic development of an educational institution.

    Pedagogical Conditions for Forming Strategic Management Competence in Future Educational Institution Leaders in the Context of Master’s Degree Training · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the current literature where ELAQF is predominantly addressed as an educational tool and less as a foundation for predictive models of human capital in logistics.

    The Impact of Business and Management Skills on Applied Logistics Skills. A PLS-SEM Approach in Accordance with ELAQF · 2026 · DOI

  • The study has a few limitations that should be kept in mind. First, the non-probabilistic sample, limited to professionals in Romania, may reduce the degree of generalisation of the results. Second, the measurement of applied logistics skills was based exclusively on self- assessment, introducing a potential subjective bias in the absence of objective operational indicators. Furthermore, the cross-sectional design captures the relationships between constructs at a single point in time, without allowing for the analysis of skill evolution over time. The model does not include certain contextual factors - such as organisational culture, digital maturity, or the specifics of the logistics subsector - that may influence the identified relationships. Future research directions should aim to expand the sample internationally to facilitate cross- cultural comparisons and test the robustness of the model. The integration of objective indicators of applied logistics competencies (e.g., delivery accuracy, operational costs, compliance) would improve methodological rigour and reduce the subjectivity of self- Vol. 28 • No. 71 • February 2026 137 AE The Impact of Business and Management Skills on Applied Logistics Skills. A PLS-SEM Approach in Accordance with ELAQF assessments. A longitudinal design would allow for analysis of skill evolution after training programs or organisational changes. At the same time, the inclusion of moderating or mediating variables - such as the level of digitisation or process sustainability - could provide a more nuanced perspective on the relationships between human capital skills and applied logistics skills. In general, these directions can strengthen the proposed model and contribute to the development of a more comprehensive conceptual framework, appropriate for a sector of logistics that is under rapid change.

    The Impact of Business and Management Skills on Applied Logistics Skills. A PLS-SEM Approach in Accordance with ELAQF · 2026 · DOI

  • The issue of managerial competencies is characterized by significant ambiguity, evident in the multitude of definitions, classifications, and dispersed theoretical models. The lack of a coherent and synthetic approach complicates the comparison of research results and the practical application of scientific knowledge in organizational management.

    Managerial competencies in management theory – a literature synthesis and a classification proposal · 2026 · DOI

  • Consequently, future research should focus on empir- ically verifying the proposed managerial competency classification, particularly by identifying gaps between current and desired competency profiles of manageri- al staff, as well as on standardizing operationalization and measurement methods for competencies.

    Managerial competencies in management theory – a literature synthesis and a classification proposal · 2026 · DOI

  • Extant research on postgraduates' sense of learning-life attainment is rather limited. Existing studies are predominantly speculative and normative in nature.

    Comprehensive Evaluation System of Postgraduates’ Sense of Learning-Life Attainment · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap between the skills of Vocational Madrasah Aliyah graduates and the needs of industry. The slow pace of adaptation to technological disruption.

    The Co-Design Curriculum Mandate Policy Addresses the Misalignment Between Vocational Madrasah Aliyah Graduates and Industry Needs · 2026 · DOI

  • The implementation of vocational teacher education programs at TEIs still faces various challenges. The competencies of vocational teacher education graduates have not been applied in competency-based vocational learning.

    Analysis of Factors Determining Competence in Vocational Teacher Candidates: A SEM Approach · 2026 · DOI

  • Further analysis of the CNP exam's effectiveness in assessing student learning outcomes. Investigation of the impact of demographic factors on student performance. Development of targeted training programs to address areas of improvement.

    Evaluating Competency-Based Learning: An Analysis of Student Performance on the Certified Nonprofit Professional (CNP) Exam Authors · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for effective assessment of nonprofit management competencies. The importance of balancing education, experience, and assessment in credentialing programs.

    Evaluating Competency-Based Learning: An Analysis of Student Performance on the Certified Nonprofit Professional (CNP) Exam Authors · 2026 · DOI

  • The existing literature reveals a gap in the integration of local wisdom into competency-based training. The study identifies a gap between Indonesia's ranking in publications and its lag in citations and international collaboration.

    A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION: TRENDS, GAPS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BATIK TRAINING DEVELOPMENT · 2026 · DOI

  • Weitere Studien sollten die Entwicklung von Simulationstrainings für Rettungsdienste untersuchen. Weitere Studien sollten die Wirksamkeit von Team-Arbeit-Kontext-Analyse (TAKAI) in der prähospitalen Notfallmedizin untersuchen.

    Szenariodimensionen beim Training von Rettungsteams – Prioritätensetzung mittels Team-Arbeits-Kontext-Analyse · 2026 · DOI

  • Es gibt eine Lücke im Bereich der Team-Arbeit-Kontext-Analyse in der prähospitalen Notfallmedizin. Es gibt eine Lücke im Bereich der Identifizierung von Trainingsbedarf für Crew-Resource-Management(CRM)-Trainings.

    Szenariodimensionen beim Training von Rettungsteams – Prioritätensetzung mittels Team-Arbeits-Kontext-Analyse · 2026 · DOI

  • While Crew Resource Management (CRM) training addresses selected non-technical skills, it is insufficient as a standalone solution due to its standardized and procedural nature.

    Integration of managerial training systems into the development path of aircraft commanders as a factor enhancing flight safety · 2026 · DOI

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162 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,525 Competency Development and Evaluation papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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