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Open research questions in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies

48 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 239 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • There is a need to consider congenital pulmonary anomalies in patients with unexplained or severe pulmonary infections. There is a lack of awareness about the presentation of pulmonary sequestration in young adults.

    Undiagnosed Pulmonary Sequestration in a Young Adult Presenting As Necrotizing Pneumonia and Sepsis · 2026 · DOI

  • Complex cardiopulmonary interactions in CDH. Limited understanding of the changes in LV dimensions and function post-repair. Difficulty in identifying predictors of worse outcomes in neonates with CDH.

    Cardiac performance and left ventricular dimensions in neonates with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia before and after surgical repair · 2026 · DOI

  • Determining the optimal surgical approach for CPAM. Balancing the need to remove malformed tissue with the need to preserve healthy parenchyma. Managing perioperative and long-term outcomes in children with CPAM.

    Lobectomy versus lung-sparing resection for congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM): a single-center comparative study · 2026 · DOI

  • Diagnosis of extralobar pulmonary sequestration can be challenging due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. Torsion and infarction can occur, leading to severe complications. There is a need for more research on the diagnosis and treatment of extralobar pulmonary sequestration.

    Thoracoscopic management of easily neglected extralobar pulmonary sequestration presenting with torsion and infarction in children: three case reports and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research is needed to improve understanding of hybrid congenital lung lesions. Studies should investigate the use of antenatal ultrasonography and postnatal CT angiography for early recognition and management.

    Hybrid Congenital Lung Lesion: Pulmonary Sequestration with Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation in a 7-Day-Old Neonate: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of hybrid congenital lung lesions. The diagnosis and management of these conditions can be challenging due to their rarity.

    Hybrid Congenital Lung Lesion: Pulmonary Sequestration with Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation in a 7-Day-Old Neonate: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • The diagnosis of VACTERL association can be challenging due to the variability of congenital anomalies. The search for gene mutations responsible for the development of VACTERL association is ongoing.

    VACTERL association in neonatal period: radiological diagnostic capabilities · 2026 · DOI

  • The distinction between CPAM and PS is clinically important, as lesion morphology and vascular anatomy determine the most appropriate minimally invasive option. Procedure-related complications, such as intravascular injection and cardiovascular instability, are clinically important and indicate that treatment safety remains operator-dependent. The development of more effective and safer sclerosants is an area of ongoing research.

    Minimally invasive therapeutic approach to fetal congenital pulmonary airway malformation: Case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • Reporting quality was heterogeneous, particularly for CVR values and prior corticosteroid use. Procedure-related complications, such as intravascular injection and cardiovascular instability, were clinically important and indicate that treatment safety remains operator-dependent.

    Minimally invasive therapeutic approach to fetal congenital pulmonary airway malformation: Case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited to cases submitted to the International PPB/DICER1 Registry. The study is retrospective in nature.

    Pleuropulmonary Blastoma and Diagnostic Pitfalls: A Report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry · 2026 · DOI

  • Further study is needed to improve diagnostic techniques for PPB. Research on the variability of PPB diagnoses is necessary.

    Pleuropulmonary Blastoma and Diagnostic Pitfalls: A Report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited information on related histological and molecular changes. Need for a more accurate and non-invasive method for monitoring fetal lung development. Complexity of fetal lung development.

    Multimodal deep learning fusion model for assessment of fetal lung development in gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia · 2026 · DOI

  • Current clinical evaluation has limitations in assessing fetal lung development. There is a need for a more accurate and non-invasive method for monitoring fetal lung development.

    Multimodal deep learning fusion model for assessment of fetal lung development in gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia · 2026 · DOI

  • Diaphragmatic hernia after LRYGB is a rare but life-threatening complication. There is a need for increased awareness and understanding of this complication.

    CT Findings of Incarcerated Diaphragmatic Hernia After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Rare Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of CPAM in preterm neonates with late-onset sepsis. The diagnosis of CPAM in preterm neonates is often delayed or missed.

    Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization, The Tip of the Iceberg for Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation. A Case Report. · 2026 · DOI

  • The study has a limited sample size. The study only examines infants born at Texas Children's Hospital. The study does not examine the long-term outcomes of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

    Predictors of challenging initial intubation and association with outcomes in congenital diaphragmatic hernia · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the predictors of challenging initial intubation in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. There is a lack of understanding of the association between intubation difficulty and adverse outcomes in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

    Predictors of challenging initial intubation and association with outcomes in congenital diaphragmatic hernia · 2026 · DOI

  • Detailed serial characterization of LV dimensions and function in neonates with CDH is less comprehensive. Prior studies have documented improvements in pulmonary hemodynamics following repair, but the changes in LV dimensions and function post-repair are not well understood.

    Cardiac performance and left ventricular dimensions in neonates with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia before and after surgical repair · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap in understanding the relationship between CPSS and PAH. The need for early recognition and timely intervention in patients with CPSS and PAH.

    Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital portosystemic shunt presenting as acute liver failure in a child · 2026 · DOI

  • Second, CPSS should be investigated in children with severe or unexplained PAH, es- pecially when liver dysfunction, hyperammonemia, or abnormal portal venous anatomy is present.

    Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital portosystemic shunt presenting as acute liver failure in a child · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for early diagnosis of CHUC to prevent unnecessary injury to the bowel during delivery. The importance of recognizing the characteristic ultrasonographic appearance and the clinical criteria for definitive diagnosis.

    CONGENITAL HERNIA OF THE UMBILICAL CORD: A CASE REPORT OF PRENATAL ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS AND POSTNATAL CLINICAL CORRELATION · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness and understanding of extralobar pulmonary sequestration among clinicians. The condition is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. There is a need for more research on the diagnosis and treatment of extralobar pulmonary sequestration.

    Thoracoscopic management of easily neglected extralobar pulmonary sequestration presenting with torsion and infarction in children: three case reports and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • The relationship between congenital pulmonary airway malformation type IV and pleuropulmonary blastoma type I is not well understood. There is a need to understand the potential progression from one lesion to the other.

    Malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar tipo IV y blastoma pleuropulmonar tipo I, ¿benigno, maligno o expresión patológica de una misma entidad? Caso clínico · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the diagnosis and treatment of CPAM in infants. The study highlights the importance of considering CPAM in the differential diagnosis of recurrent respiratory infections and persistent unilateral cystic lung lesions.

    A Large Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Mimicking a Cystic Thoracic Mass in an Infant: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • Although the precise embryological mechanisms remain incompletely understood, aberrant airway branching during the pseudoglandular stage of lung development is considered the principal pathogenic event, leading to replacement of normal pulmonary parenchyma by cystic, dysplastic airways of varying size and complexity [5-8].

    A Large Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Mimicking a Cystic Thoracic Mass in an Infant: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

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48 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 239 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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