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Open research questions in Congenital Heart Disease Studies

238 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,021 Congenital Heart Disease Studies papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The paper identifies the complexity and high risk of cardiac surgery as ongoing challenges. The need for specialized children's heart units and the development of new techniques and technologies are also highlighted as challenges. The paper notes that the specialty remains one of the most technically demanding and stressful fields of surgery.

    History of cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in the UK · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies the historical lack of treatment options for congenital heart disease as a significant gap. The development of cardiac surgery as a specialty addressed this gap, but ongoing challenges and complexities remain.

    History of cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in the UK · 2026 · DOI

  • further research is needed to understand the relationship between motor and cognitive development in children with CCHD, - longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the findings, - research on the effectiveness of interventions to improve motor and cognitive outcomes in children with CCHD is needed

    From toddler to school age: longitudinal motor and cognitive outcomes in children with critical congenital heart disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Longitudinal data on motor, cognitive, and executive functioning outcomes in children with critical CHD are scarce. The interrelationships between these domains at different timepoints are not well understood.

    From toddler to school age: longitudinal motor and cognitive outcomes in children with critical congenital heart disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited availability of data on CHD in infants under 1 year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Challenges in estimating the burden of CHD due to variations in disease definitions and reporting. Difficulty in stratifying trends in disease burden by region, country, age, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI) due to limited data.

    Evaluating the global, regional, and national burden of congenital heart disease in infants younger than 1 year: a 1990–2021 systematic analysis for the GBD study 2021 · 2025 · DOI

  • Although pre-Fontan hemodynamics predict early failure, their association with long-term outcomes remains unclear.

    Association of Pre-Fontan Hemodynamics With Long-Term Outcomes After Fontan Palliation: A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium · 2026 · DOI

  • Use of other medications varied widely by age, and included β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and pulmonary vasodilators.

    The Fontan Outcomes Network: Findings After 2 Years and 1121 Participants · 2026 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: Survival after Fontan palliation for single ventricle heart disease has improved substantially, yet the long-term trajectory remains poorly defined.

    The Fontan Outcomes Network: Findings After 2 Years and 1121 Participants · 2026 · DOI

  • Artificial intelligence offers the potential to democratize diagnostics and to extend expert-level interpretation beyond large academic centers, but its application in CHD remains underexplored.

    Automated Echocardiographic Detection of Congenital Heart Disease Using Artificial Intelligence · 2026 · DOI

  • The reasons for these low rates among patients with CHD have not been thoroughly documented.

    Understanding the barriers and facilitators that impact physical activity levels in children and adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD): a rapid review · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should explore the views of clinicians, patients, and families on the factors identified here and conduct longitudinal studies to track influences on physical activity over time.

    Understanding the barriers and facilitators that impact physical activity levels in children and adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD): a rapid review · 2025 · DOI

  • Strain imaging, using a 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE), has been used for arterial stiffness assessment, but pediatric data are still lacking.

    Two-dimensional speckle tracking of the ascending aorta: a novel approach to evaluate arterial stiffness in pediatric patients with repaired conotruncal anomalies using echocardiography · 2025 · DOI

  • Background Recurrent coarctation of the aorta (re-CoA) is a well-known although not fully understood complication after surgical repair, typically occurring in 10%–20% of cases within months after discharge.

    Three-dimensional aortic arch geometry and blood flow in neonates after surgical repair for aortic coarctation · 2025 · DOI

  • Background: Previous estimates of congenital heart disease (CHD) have been constrained by limited data sources, narrow geographic focus, and a lack of specific assessment of infants younger than 1 year.

    Evaluating the global, regional, and national burden of congenital heart disease in infants younger than 1 year: a 1990–2021 systematic analysis for the GBD study 2021 · 2025 · DOI

  • However, these techniques have not translated from research to clinical settings, due to a lack of standardization and poor repeatability.

    Fetal cardiac function in pregnancy affected by congenital heart disease: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study · 2025 · DOI

  • Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its impact on the pediatric CHD population in these settings have been largely overlooked, and limited research has been conducted.

    The quality of life of children with heart disease in Tanzania: a single center study · 2025 · DOI

  • Significant gaps in the literature, particularly regarding long-term outcomes and the technical challenges of RAS adaptation for neonatal use, underscore the need for further research.

    Exploring the future of robotic approaches in neonatal cardiac surgery: opportunities, barriers, and innovation pathways · 2025 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during exercise confers favourable prognosis in biventricular physiology, but its role in Fontan circulation remains unknown.

    Adults with Fontan circulation: prognostic value of exercise pulmonary vascular resistance index · 2025 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Congenital heart defects (CHD) aggregate in families, but recurrence patterns across kinships and generations remain incompletely understood.

    Congenital heart defects: familial recurrence patterns in Sweden · 2025 · DOI

  • Further, contraction fraction, a novel parameter indexing stroke volume by mass reflecting myocardial efficiency, has not been studied.

    Clinical Outcome Prediction Model in Tetralogy of Fallot Without Pulmonary Valve Replacement Using Contraction Fraction From the SCOUT‐TOF Registry · 2025 · DOI

  • Further study to determine the potential benefit of DSP for high‐risk patients is warranted.

    Surgical, Hybrid, or Delayed Surgical Stage 1: Single‐Ventricle Palliation Pathway Utilization and Outcome Trends · 2025 · DOI

  • Background Management strategies of unplanned hospitalizations (UPH) vary and have not been well characterized in patients with Fontan circulation.

    Unplanned Hospitalization Due to All‐Cause Morbidity and Its Real‐World Management Practices in Patients With Fontan Circulation · 2025 · DOI

  • The associated risk factors and long-term outcomes of TR following the procedure are not well understood.

    Risk Factors and Long‐Term Outcomes of Tricuspid Regurgitation After Transcatheter Closure of Pediatric Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects · 2025 · DOI

  • Introduction The long-term effects of fenestration in patients with Fontan circulation remain unclear.

    The long-term effects of the fenestration in patients with extracardiac Fontan circulation—a multicenter Korean cohort study based on national Fontan registry · 2024 · DOI

  • Background: While research on congenital heart disease has been extensively conducted worldwide, comprehensive studies from developing countries and the Arab world remain scarce.

    Congenital heart disease research landscape in the Arab world: a 25-year bibliometric review · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Congenital Heart Disease Studies

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238 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,021 Congenital Heart Disease Studies papers in our 4.5M-paper local library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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