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Open research questions in Esophageal and GI Pathology

91 gap statements mined from Esophageal and GI Pathology papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 759 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

Choosing where to publish on Esophageal and GI Pathology? See the ranked Medicine journals.

What the literature leaves open

  • The need to consider bacterial infection in the differential diagnosis of atypical oesophageal lesions.

    Case Report: A rare case of oesophageal cellulitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: diagnosis, management, and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • Several limitations must be acknowledged. First, as a single-case report, its generalisability is inherently limited. Second, while the K. pneumoniae isolate was thoroughly characterised phenotypically, genotypic analysis to definitively identify hypervirulent (hvKP) or multidrug-resistant markers was not performed. Such data would have provided deeper insights into the pathogenicity of the strain.

    Case Report: A rare case of oesophageal cellulitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: diagnosis, management, and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness about the risk of pneumothorax during endoscopic balloon dilation for oesophageal stricture. There is a need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax in this setting.

    Right pneumothorax during endoscopic balloon dilation for oesophageal stricture following tracheoesophageal fistula surgery: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for long-term surveillance in patients with repaired TEF/EA. There is a lack of understanding about the relationship between congenital foregut anomalies and gastric cancer.

    Case Report: gastric signet-ring-cell adenocarcinoma in a young adult with tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia and complex gastrointestinal history · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited by small sample size. The study is retrospective and descriptive in nature. Larger prospective studies should be conducted to confirm the findings.

    Endoscopic bougienage of cicatricial esophageal strictures in children: Experience of the clinic of the National Center for Maternal and Child Health · 2026 · DOI

  • In contrast, bleeding from varices after total gastrectomy is rare, available evidence is limited, and reports of endoscopic hemostasis are scarce; therefore, the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear. Therefore, alternative endoscopic approaches such as TTS clips warrant consideration, although reports remain scarce.

    Two cases of successful treatment of bleeding esophagojejunal varices after total gastrectomy using reopenable clip hemostasis · 2026 · DOI

  • Although these studies provided sufficient evidence to apply the AI diagnostic support system in clinical practice, their usefulness for transnasal EGD remains unclear because transoral EGD was used in all previous studies.

    Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence for Transnasal Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Clinical Practice · 2026 · DOI

  • Existing traction strategies do not adequately address endoscope instability. There is a need for a simple and dynamic endoscope tip traction technique to facilitate ESD in difficult locations.

    Simple and dynamic endoscope tip traction to facilitate gastric ESD in difficult locations · 2026 · DOI

  • Another systematic review including case reports and cohort studies reported success rates of up to 98% for thoracoscopic approaches, although the evidence remains limited and heterogeneous.

    Minimally invasive repair of oesophageal perforation: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • Need for careful attention to power and duration settings to reduce adverse events.

    Tools and Techniques of Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation in Pancreaticobiliary Diseases: A Narrative Review · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for further research on the immune-stimulating effect of ablation-induced tissue injury. There is a need for more studies on the use of RFA for pancreatic cystic lesions and IPMN.

    Tools and Techniques of Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation in Pancreaticobiliary Diseases: A Narrative Review · 2026 · DOI

  • Treating esophageal motility disorders is a significant challenge. POEM is a relatively new technique that requires further evaluation. Perforation risk is a challenge in POEM.

    Endoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Motility Disorders in the Era of POEM: Current Perspectives and Future Directions · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of post-EVBL dysphagia, chest pain, and odynophagia is a significant challenge. The lack of understanding of the effect of EVBL on esophageal motility is a challenge. The need for larger multi-centre longitudinal studies is a challenge.

    Esophageal Motility Changes Following Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation in Cirrhotic Patients with Esophageal Varices: A Prospective High-Resolution Manometry Study Using Chicago Classification v4.0 · 2026 · DOI

  • Larger multi-centre longitudinal studies are needed to define the longterm trajectory of this phenomenon and its relationship to clinical outcomes. Studies should investigate the development of new treatments for post-EVBL dysphagia, chest pain, and odynophagia. The use of upright manometry, provocative testing, and structured symptom evaluation should be explored in future studies.

    Esophageal Motility Changes Following Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation in Cirrhotic Patients with Esophageal Varices: A Prospective High-Resolution Manometry Study Using Chicago Classification v4.0 · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for effective treatment options for refractory chronic esophagopleural fistulas. Traditional treatment options may not be suitable for patients with severe bilateral emphysema.

    Curative endoscopic closure of a chronic esophagopleural fistula after Boerhaave syndrome using an over-the-scope clip: A case report · 2026 · DOI

  • Further case accumulation and experimental studies are needed to clarify the precise pathomechanism and incidence of clip-induced colonic trauma. Investigations into the risk of metal clip dislodgement in patients with chronic constipation should be conducted.

    Metallic clip-associated colonic perforation after peroral endoscopic myotomy: A case report · 2026 · DOI

  • As such, neoadjuvant treatment interference with AL remains to be clarified. AL remains one of the most challenging complications following upper gastrointestinal surgery, for which the optimal therapeutic approach is not yet determined.

    Management of anastomotic leakage in upper gastrointestinal tract after oncologic surgery: Role of fully covered metallic stents · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to adjust OMD examination procedures for pediatric patients with HPS. The risk of aspiration and other complications associated with the use of contrast agents.

    STUDI KASUS PROSEDUR PEMERIKSAAN OESOPHAGUS MAAG DUODENUM (OMD) PADA PASIEN PEDIATRIK DENGAN KLINIS HYPERTROFI PYLORIC STENOSIS (HPS) DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI RSUD KOTA SALATIGA · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies can be conducted to compare the results with other hospitals or procedures. The use of other contrast agents can be explored for pediatric patients. The study's findings can be applied to other medical procedures for pediatric patients.

    STUDI KASUS PROSEDUR PEMERIKSAAN OESOPHAGUS MAAG DUODENUM (OMD) PADA PASIEN PEDIATRIK DENGAN KLINIS HYPERTROFI PYLORIC STENOSIS (HPS) DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI RSUD KOTA SALATIGA · 2026 · DOI

  • Several aspects of MCA remain experimental. Currently, there is no standardized optimal magnet design, size, or coating.

    Magnetic compression anastomosis in gastrointestinal and biliary disease: Techniques and clinical applications · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional single treatments cannot address both lesions simultaneously. The incidence of anastomotic stricture after esophagojejunostomy ranges from 5 to 15%, with higher rates in patients undergoing multiple foregut procedures.

    OTSC combined with jejunal mucosal ESD for closure of jejunal dilated blind pouch and anastomotic metal stent placement in the treatment of post-oesophagojejunostomy stricture: a case report (with video) · 2026 · DOI

  • Prior surgical gastrojejunostomy may not always be effective in relieving the obstruction - There is a need for alternative treatments for recurrent malignant duodenal…

    Endoscopic ultrasound-guided duodenojejunostomy for recurrent malignant duodenal obstruction after surgical gastrojejunostomy · 2026 · DOI

  • Further evaluation of POEM compared to other treatments. Application of POEM to treat other esophageal disorders.

    Endoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Motility Disorders in the Era of POEM: Current Perspectives and Future Directions · 2026 · DOI

  • The management of esophagomediastinal fistula post-submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection is a challenging problem - Current approaches may not be effective for all…

    Successful management of esophagomediastinal fistula postsubmucosal tunneling endoscopic resection using a “three-tube” approach · 2026 · DOI

  • While the ideal endoscopic method for AL closure has not yet been established, our long-term experience managing oncological patients with FCSEMS reveals high technical and 13 /…

    Management of anastomotic leakage in upper gastrointestinal tract after oncologic surgery: Role of fully covered metallic stents · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Esophageal and GI Pathology

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a lack of awareness about the risk of pneumothorax during endoscopic balloon dilation for oesophageal stricture (“Right pneumothorax during endoscopic balloon dilation for oesophageal stricture…”, 2026); (2) There is a need for long-term surveillance in patients with repaired TEF/EA (“Case Report: gastric signet-ring-cell adenocarcinoma in a young adult with…”, 2026); (3) Bleeding from varices after total gastrectomy is rare, available evidence is limited, and reports of endoscopic hemostasis are scarce; therefore, the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear (“Two cases of successful treatment of bleeding esophagojejunal varices after…”, 2026); (4) Although these studies provided sufficient evidence to apply the AI diagnostic support system in clinical practice, their usefulness for transnasal EGD remains unclear because transoral EGD was used in all previous studies (“Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence for Transnasal Esophagogastroduodenoscopy…”, 2026); (5) There is a need for a simple and dynamic endoscope tip traction technique to facilitate ESD in difficult locations (“Simple and dynamic endoscope tip traction to facilitate gastric ESD in…”, 2026). 91 gap statements have been mined from Esophageal and GI Pathology papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 759 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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