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Open research questions in Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare

128 gap statements mined from Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,518 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Ignoring these concerns, there has been a recent call to reinstate the family courts in gender care decision making, based on the perception that there is insufficient information available about alternatives to gender-affirming medical treatment.

    Gender CARE beyond the courts: an alternative framework for resolving disputes over gender health care for children and adolescents · 2024 · DOI

  • Several limitations should be noted. The sample was self-selected, which may have introduced selection bias, as participants with strong views on health communication may have been more likely to participate.

    Communicating health messages to children and families in primary care: a mixed-methods study in Aotearoa New Zealand · 2026 · DOI

  • Using illustrative cases, we highlight salient themes surrounding these challenges that span many tenets of pediatric bioethics, including beneficence (ie, weighing benefits against harms), imposing values to impact shared decision-making, and justice (ie, lack of standardization in processes creating risk for discrimination).

    Ethical Considerations When Referring Patients for a Higher Level of Care · 2026 · DOI

  • Many hospitals were able to constitute a primary board, but the formation of a secondary board was a challenge. Till date, only few hospitals have effectively implemented EOLC directives.

    Hidden barriers and ground reality in implementing Supreme Court of India directives to withdraw/withhold life-sustaining medical treatment · 2026 · DOI

  • It highlights the potential for family members to overstate the extent to which their incapacitous relative has expressed a preference to keep them happy. It discusses the challenge of balancing the consideration of family preferences with the need to prioritize the patient's best interest.

    Best interest and family compromise · 2026 · DOI

  • It highlights the need to explore the implications of this approach in less extreme cases.

    Best interest and family compromise · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap is that despite the acceptance of minimal intervention techniques, the current state of restorative care for children in general practice is unacceptable. The gap is that general practitioners may not be able to provide good outcomes for children with extensive caries lesions.

    The current state of restorative care for children in general practice · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a reexamination of the relationship between racism and economic exploitation in the United States. The ongoing issue of racial disparities in school discipline. The lack of progress in addressing the issue of school pushout and its disproportionate impact on Black students.

    Suspensions are Still Not Helping the Children · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a significant knowledge gap between the UNCRC's guidance and the reality of current clinical practice. The study identifies a lack of formal training in shared decision-making with children among young European paediatricians. The study highlights the need for harmonisation of age limits across Europe.

    Age limits and shared decision-making in paediatric healthcare: an exploratory survey of the Young European Academy of Paediatrics · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of emphasis on proportionality and clinical judgment in ICU practice. The paper identifies a need for a more balanced approach, considering both technological support and human presence.

    When capacity exceeds justification: technology, proportionality, and care in the ICU · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to identify the optimal time window for obtaining MRI for prognostic purposes. The study aims to address this gap by assessing the ability of diffusion MRI to predict outcomes in patients with acute anoxic events.

    Continuation or Withdrawal of Life-sustaining Therapies After Acute Anoxic Events in Childhood and Adolescence · 2026 · DOI

  • Interprofessional perspectives on the ethical dilemmas associated with pediatric extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) are underexplored in the literature.

    Ethical Dilemmas in Pediatric Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Qualitative Study of Interprofessional Perspectives · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the implementation of the 'just-in-time consent' approach in clinical practice. Future research should examine the impact of this approach on patient outcomes and experiences.

    Rethinking the Burden of Traditional Informed Consent Prior to Prenatal Genetic Screening · 2025 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the current approach to informed consent, which is not feasible in many resource-limited contexts. The paper identifies a gap in the support provided to patients and families who receive screen-positive results.

    Rethinking the Burden of Traditional Informed Consent Prior to Prenatal Genetic Screening · 2025 · DOI

  • There is a gap in understanding how principles such as autonomy, consent, and justice can be applied in practice, particularly in complex and uncertain contexts. There is a need for more nuanced understanding of the complexities of relationships, context, and uncertainty in medical ethics.

    Uncertain medicine: consent, culture and the limits of principles · 2025 · DOI

  • To advance more comprehensive understanding of the effects of ORA, and to inspire greater attention to, and development of, evidence-informed ethical guidance in this domain of clinical practice, we outline a range of empirical questions regarding adolescents' and parents' experiences that now warrant further study.

    Adolescent and parental proxy online record access: analysis of the empirical evidence based on four bioethical principles · 2025 · DOI

  • Long lasting T1DM can be associated with the development of diabetic osteopenia and we are lacking the information to which extent is bone mineral density (BMD) affected in this specific group of individuals.

    P-6: BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN SUBJECTS ON WAITING LIST FOR PANCREAS OR ISLETS OF LANGERHANS TRANSPLANTATION DUE TO HYPOGLYCEMIA UNAWARENESS SYNDROME · 2025 · DOI

  • We offer insights regarding processes for future potential candidates, including for addressing questions such as: Should all clinically similar children be offered GAT proactively or only upon parental request? What are the implications for access/equity? We call for further peer-reviewed scholarship to reanimate this historically stigmatized and understudied treatment.

    Growth Attenuation Therapy: Ongoing Ethical and Practical Challenges 20 Years Post Ashley · 2025 · DOI

  • Limited and indirect evidence from healthcare mediation and ICU communication-facilitation programs, - Prognostic uncertainty and moral disagreement can conflict or fail to determine a unique answer, - The study does not provide a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of mediation in end-of-life…

    Early Clinical Mediation in End-of-Life Disputes: A Procedural Justice Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Developing training pathways for healthcare mediators, - Exploring formal certification pathways for healthcare mediators, - Investigating the impact of mediation on patient-centered outcomes and clinician…

    Early Clinical Mediation in End-of-Life Disputes: A Procedural Justice Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The complexity of the concept of 'safety', - The need to critically examine the constitution of 'safety' as a policy objective, - The challenge of developing alternative imaginations for 'safer' drug…

    Making ‘Safety’ for Children and Young People in Drug Policy: A Critical Analysis of Governing Logics · 2026 · DOI

  • The meaning and effects of 'safety' are rarely interrogated, - There is a lack of critical examination of how 'safety' is constituted as a policy…

    Making ‘Safety’ for Children and Young People in Drug Policy: A Critical Analysis of Governing Logics · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of epistemic lenses in bioethics to conceptualize bioethical problems as consequences of power asymmetries - The need for a new field of research to address the challenges…

    Subdividing bioethics · 2026 · DOI

  • Further refinement of the 2023 amendments, - Raising awareness among society about advanced medical directives, or living wills, - Keeping up with the pace of legal decisions with advancing technology…

    Hidden barriers and ground reality in implementing Supreme Court of India directives to withdraw/withhold life-sustaining medical treatment · 2026 · DOI

  • Considering a much bigger role for specialists in paediatric dentistry in provision of routine care for children with dental disease - Expansion of specialist training positions within health…

    The current state of restorative care for children in general practice · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of progress in addressing the issue of school pushout and its disproportionate impact on Black students (“Suspensions are Still Not Helping the Children”, 2026); (2) The study identifies a lack of formal training in shared decision-making with children among young European paediatricians (“Age limits and shared decision-making in paediatric healthcare: an exploratory…”, 2026); (3) There is a lack of emphasis on proportionality and clinical judgment in ICU practice (“When capacity exceeds justification: technology, proportionality, and care in…”, 2026); (4) There is a need to identify the optimal time window for obtaining MRI for prognostic purposes (“Continuation or Withdrawal of Life-sustaining Therapies After Acute Anoxic…”, 2026); (5) Future research should investigate the implementation of the 'just-in-time consent' approach in clinical practice (“Rethinking the Burden of Traditional Informed Consent Prior to Prenatal Genetic…”, 2025). 128 gap statements have been mined from Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,518 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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