Open research questions in Gastrointestinal motility and disorders

What the literature leaves open

• In this clinical trial, whole gut transit will be measured, an outcome that has not been assessed in previous trials of yeast mannans (26, 27, 43). Effective fiber supplements that exert favorable prebiotic effects without bothersome gastrointestinal symptoms remain elusive.

  Efficacy of yeast mannan supplementation on increasing stool frequency in adults: a randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

• In order to take the GBA-anxiety research from hypothesis to practice, the following research recommendations can be made: 1) Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs): Longitudinal, highly controlled prospective Randomized Controlled Trials must be undertaken exclusively on clinically diagnosed anxiety disorders to conclusively validate the efficacy, dosage, and longevity of specific pro- and prebiotics. The research must control for important sex, drug use, such comorbidities, diet, and exercise, as recommended by MacKay et al. (2023). cofounders as 2) Functional Multi-Omics and Mechanistic Research: The research must extend beyond the taxonomic level (16S rRNA) to the multi-omics level (metabolomics) to specifically and immunomodulatory molecules involved in the GBA communication pathway for anxiety disorders, as recommended by Lee & Kim (2021); Xiong et al. (2023). neuroactive define the 3) Investigating Pharmacomicrobiomics: There is a crucial need to examine the specific impact of currently prescribed anxiolytic and antidepressant agents on the gut microbiome. The ability to comprehend this aspect of drug use will allow us to develop strategies that utilize drug combinations that produce benefits with minimized therapeutic maximum unfavorable alterations to the GBA. in ways 4) Targeting Stable Vulnerability: The focus of research in this area should be to develop therapeutic strategies that target this unique underlying biological vulnerability trait of GAD patients that is responsible for their persistent dysbiotic gut microbiota profile [Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (2018)]. The ability to eliminate this underlying biological vulnerability trait of GAD patients is crucial in preventing psychiatric and gastrointestinal relapse [Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (Jiang et al., 2018). This field of research remains very active and promises much for the more precise treatment of anxiety disorders and other stress-related conditions in the future (MacKay et al., 2023). Butler, M. I., Kittel-Schneider, S., Wagner-Skacel, J., Mörkl, S., & Clarke, G. (2025). The gut microbiome in anxiety disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 27(5), 347–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-025-01604-w Dong, Z., Shen, X., Hao, Y., Li, J., Li, H., Xu, H., Yin, L., & Kuang, W. (2021). Gut microbiome: A potential indicator for differential diagnosis of major depressive disorder and general anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 651536.

  The Gut-Brain Axis and Anxiety Disorders: A Review of Clinical and Psychological Perspectives · 2026 · DOI

• Although positive psychology (PP) interventions, which focus on the cultivation of positive psychological well-being, have been linked to improved health outcomes across diverse medical populations, they have not yet been investigated in IBS.

  The WISH 2.0 Intervention for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial · 2026 · DOI

• Future research should address Journal of Prevention1 3 these limitations by incorporating more objective measures to supplement self- reported data, such as biomarkers or clinical evaluations, in order to reduce informa- tion bias.

  Depressive Symptoms Trajectories and Chronic Digestive Disease in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

• To date, there is no consensus regarding which instrument best detects anxiety in individuals with IBD, and most scales perform moderately at best compared with 9 38 Many patients with IBD report worries as a particularly severe and these worries are often closely related to gastrointestinal sensations and structural interviews.

  Gastrointestinal-specific Anxiety in IBD: Associations with Disease Activity, Psychological Symptoms, and Serotonergic Polymorphisms · 2026 · DOI

• This pattern is compatible with — but does not establish — a proposed mechanism of neuroplastic adaptation, whereby repeated rTMS sessions are hypothesized to induce cumulative changes in cortical excitability and neural circuit function that may progressively enhance therapeutic effects (22); direct neurophysi- ological evidence supporting this mechanism in FC is currently lacking.

  Clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroacupuncture at Baliao points for functional constipation: a retrospective study · 2026 · DOI

• These preliminary findings provide a foundation for designing adequately powered, multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trials incorporating sham rTMS controls and blinding procedures. Future studies should systematically optimize the synergistic param- eters of combined rTMS and sacral EA, including stimulation inten- sity, frequency, and treatment duration. Integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging and anorectal manometry would help elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying synergistic effects. Development of individualized treatment prediction models based on patient clinical profiles and neuroimaging biomarkers may ultimately facilitate precision medicine approaches to FC management.

  Clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroacupuncture at Baliao points for functional constipation: a retrospective study · 2026 · DOI

• Functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis describe clini- treatment requires cal presentations, but effective understanding the mechanisms underlying symptoms in individual patients. BSGM provides a non-invasive, 1 3Current Gastroenterology Reports (2026) 28:23 23 Page 6 of 8 multimodal assessment of gastric function that extends beyond gastric emptying studies and identifies reproduc- ible physiologic phenotypes encompassing a spectrum from neuromuscular dysfunction to disorders of gut– brain interaction. By characterising gastric dysfunction more directly, BSGM offers information that may help explain symptom heterogeneity and guide further evalu- ation and treatment. BSGM is nonetheless a relatively new addition to the diagnostic landscape, and several priorities remain for clinical translation. Foremost among these is more rigor- ously linking phenotypes to treatment response: ongoing studies are evaluating whether baseline BSGM metrics predict response to specific medications and whether BSGM improves patient selection for pyloric interven- tion. Further validation of the Auckland Classification v1.0 across larger multicentre cohorts will be needed to establish reproducibility and generalisability, with a refined v2.0 framework already anticipated in coming years. Mechanistic validation is also needed to deter- mine whether specific phenotypes correspond to defined underlying abnormalities; for example, impaired accom- modation in the low meal response phenotype, pyloric dysfunction in the emerging high-amplitude phenotype, and small-bowel pathology in the delayed onset symp- toms phenotype. Longitudinal studies will also be impor- tant to determine whether phenotypes shift with disease progression and treatment. Importantly, no single test will provide a complete mecha- nistic profile for every patient. The future of gastroduodenal diagnostics lies in the combined use of multiple comple- mentary investigations, including BSGM, gastric emptying studies, and potentially additional modalities such as auto- nomic evaluations, EndoFLIP, and measures of accommo- dation, to build fully integrated patient phenotypes. As this multimodal approach matures, new nomenclature schemes and integrated phenotyping systems that synthesise data across tests are likely to be required. With over 50 BSGM studies published in the last few years and a rapidly expand- ing evidence base, this field promises a next generation of diagnostics for gastric motility disorders, moving clinical practice from empirical management toward mechanism- based, phenotype-guided care.

  Body Surface Gastric Mapping Improves Diagnosis of Gastric Motility Disorders · 2026 · DOI

• To minimize potential confounding from diet and lifestyle, all participants received standardized lifestyle recommendations throughout the study. These included a daily breakfast containing approximately 50 g of oats as a practical dietary-fiber source, water intake of at least 1,500 mL/day, and at least 30 min/day of brisk walking. These recommendations were uniformly applied to both probiotic and placebo groups. Adherence was monitored using participant diaries and returned sachet counts. However, detailed dietary intake was not quantitatively recorded, which is acknowledged as a limitation. 2.3 Study protocol 2.5 Safety monitoring This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Randomization was conducted upon considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualified participants were randomized according to a 1:1 ratio to the two arms of the study according to a computergenerated list, assigned to the probiotic or placebo group with 2.5.1 Strain genomic safety: virulence and resistance genes Genomic DNA of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Probio87 was extracted using the STE method.

  Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Probio87 supplementation improves functional constipation and is associated with peripheral gene-expression responses related to inflammation and the gut–brain axis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

• The low-FODMAP diet has demonstrated efficacy in adults; however, pediatric evidence remains limited to five randomized trials with inconsistent results [25].

  The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Current Research with Focus on Dietary and Psychoneurogastroenterological Interventions · 2026 · DOI

• Despite these the limitations, our study specifically prevalence of fibromyalgia and IBS in patients with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms after exclusion of structural pathology, which represents a relatively Future multicenter underexplored prospective studies with larger sample sizes and objective psychiatric assessments are warranted to further clarify this association and to support the present findings.

  Prevalence and Clinical Associations of Fibromyalgia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Patients with Normal Colonoscopy Findings · 2026 · DOI

• Sperber AD, Dumitrascu D, Fukudo S, Gerson C, Ghoshal UC, Gwee KA et al (2016) The global prevalence of IBS in adults remains elusive due to the heterogeneity of studies: a Rome Foun- dation working team literature review.

  Prevalence and associated factors of irritable bowel syndrome among the adult population in Aseer region, Southern Saudi Arabia · 2026 · DOI

• Emerging evidence underscores the significant role of psychosocial factors; however, comprehensive models integrating multidimensional psychophysiological biomarkers to predict IBS subtypes often lack validation in this highly heterogeneous population.

  Distinct psychophysiological biomarkers and risk stratification models for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and diarrhea (IBS-D) · 2026 · DOI

• Multiple lines of evidence indicate that gastric electrical stimulation (GES) can effectively alleviate symptoms in patients with refractory gastroparesis; however, its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear.

  Gastric electrical stimulation ameliorates antral myenteric neurons in streptozotocin-induced diabetic beagle canines · 2026 · DOI

• Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing interests. This review has certain limitations that should be acknowl- edged. Much of the evidence for duloxetine’s role in IBS arises from small-scale or short-duration clinical trials, often with heterogeneous patient populations, limiting generaliz- ability. Mechanistic data regarding duloxetine’s effects on gut microbiota, immune activation, and neuroendocrine pathways remain preliminary, with most findings derived from preclinical models rather than human studies. More- over, variability in IBS subtypes and frequent psychiatric comorbidities complicate the interpretation of treatment out- comes. Finally, pharmacogenomic influences on duloxetine metabolism (CYP2D6, CYP1A2 polymorphisms) have yet to be systematically studied in IBS populations, which may contribute to inconsistent clinical responses.

  Duloxetine as a gut-brain axis modulator in irritable bowel syndrome: neuroimmune, microbiota, and pharmacogenomic perspectives · 2026 · DOI

• Although accumulating evidence supports the therapeutic role of duloxetine in IBS, several critical gaps remain to be addressed. Future studies should aim to: Mechanistic Insights: Conduct preclinical investigations into duloxetine’s modulation of GBA, particularly its effects on CRH-5HT-NA signaling, microglial activation, and cytokine regulation. Mapping these pathways will clarify whether its benefits extend beyond neurotransmit- ter reuptake inhibition to neuroimmune and microbiota- mediated mechanisms. Microbiota Interactions: Explore how duloxetine influ- ences gut microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Given the role of dysbiosis in IBS, research integrating microbiota profiling with clini- cal response would provide valuable precision-based insights. Microbiome-responsive delivery strategies: Beyond using the microbiome as a biomarker of response, future stud- ies may also explore whether it can be actively lever- aged as a therapeutic tool for duloxetine delivery in IBS. Emerging microbiome-active drug delivery systems (MADDS) are designed to use microbial stimuli, such as bacterial enzymes, metabolites, biofilms, local pH or chemical gradients, and receptor-mediated interactions, to trigger site-specific drug release or activation. In IBS, such microbiota-responsive platforms could theoreti- cally improve duloxetine targeting to intestinal regions characterized by dysbiosis, low-grade inflammation, or altered microbial metabolism, while potentially reduc- ing systemic exposure and adverse effects. However, this concept remains experimental, and microbiota-triggered duloxetine delivery has not yet been validated in IBS. Future work should therefore investigate whether dulox- etine can be incorporated into microbiome-responsive formulations and whether such approaches improve GBA modulation, tolerability, and clinical outcomes compared with conventional systemic administration. Biomarker-Guided Trials: Large-scale, longitudinal clini- cal trials should stratify patients by IBS subtype, comorbid depression, and genetic polymorphisms (e.g., CYP2D6, CYP1A2). Incorporating biomarkers such as serum cytokines, cortisol rhythms, and fecal microbiota signatures could refine patient selection and optimize dosing strategies. Comparative and Combination Studies: Head-to-head clini- cal trials comparing duloxetine with SSRIs, TCAs, and gut- directed therapies (e.g., rifaximin, probiotics, dietary inter- ventions) are needed. Evaluating combination regimens, particularly duloxetine with low-FODMAP diets or micro- biota-targeted interventions, may reveal synergistic effects. Neuroimaging Approaches: Functional MRI and PET studies could provide translational evidence on how duloxetine alters central circuits involved in pain percep- tion, stress regulation, and visceral hypersensitivity. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology pain-predominant symptoms. Its dual action on serotonergic and noradrenergic signaling, together with emerging evi- dence for anti-inflammatory and neuroimmune modulation, positions it as a potential GBA regulator. Compared with other antidepressants, duloxetine demonstrates favorable tol- erability and efficacy in improving both gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms. Nonetheless, the precise molecular and microbiota-mediated mechanisms remain incompletely defined, and robust, biomarker-driven clinical trials are war- ranted. Ultimately, integrating pharmacogenomics, micro- biota profiling, and neuroimaging approaches may pave the way for precision medicine strategies, allowing duloxetine to be positioned more effectively in the management of IBS. Author contributions A.M.M.: Visualization, Writing original draft, Writing-review and editing, Software, Supervision. M.R.: Writing and revision of the manuscript.H.M.A., N.R.H., T.J.A., A.K.A., A.I.A.: Collected the related research literature and papers and drafted the manuscript. G.E.B.: Conceptualization. All authors have approved and read the final manuscript. The authors confirm that no paper mill and artificial intelligence was used. Data availability All source data for this work (or generated in this study) are available upon reasonable request.

  Duloxetine as a gut-brain axis modulator in irritable bowel syndrome: neuroimmune, microbiota, and pharmacogenomic perspectives · 2026 · DOI

• This study provides several important insights into the pathophysiology of enteric neuropa- thy: (a) identification of chronic PA and WD exposure as potent inducers of ferroptosis and enteric neurodegeneration in murine and human ENS; (b) demonstration in mice that NFE2L2 activation restores antioxidant bal- ance, suppresses ferroptotic neuronal death, and improves colonic motility under stress J Clin Invest. 2026;136(11):e205830 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI205830 3 The Journal of Clinical Investigation COMMENTARY caused by a WD; (c) demonstration that both the mouse and human ENSs show ferroptot- ic responses to PA, including iron overload, neuronal death, and glial activation. However, there are limitations requir- ing further investigation. The ferroptotic changes and functional assays in this study were limited to the colon and may vary in other segments of the GI tract. The in vivo complexity of how WD affects other lipid species, metabolic mediators, the microbi- ota, immune modulation, and GI mucosal interactions remains to be studied. The cur- rent study also did not examine the func- tional enteric neuron-glia interactions in ferroptosis or the effect on GI motility, or how this local neuron-glia network inter- acts with the CNS. Moreover, it is unclear whether the mechanisms linking PA, a WD, ferroptosis, and enteropathy apply to obesity as well as diabetes. Despite these limitations, the study provides critical evi- dence establishing PA-induced ferroptosis as a mediator and potential therapeutic tar- get in ENS disorders associated with abnor- mal GI motility.

  Connecting a Western diet, palmitic acid, and enteric neuropathy · 2026 · DOI

• Our study had several limitations. First, it was conducted at a single center and employed a cross-sectional design, which may limit causal inference and reduce generalizability to broader populations. Additionally, only patients with IBS-D were included, and other subtypes, such as IBS-C and IBS-M were not examined. Future studies should include multiple IBS subtypes to determine whether the associations between serum FGL2 levels and clinical features are consistent across presentations. Second, the diagnosis of IBS-D was based on the Rome III criteria rather than the more recently established Rome IV criteria, which may have resulted in a more heterogeneous study population and could potentially influence the observed associations between serum FGL2 levels and clinical or psychological phenotypes. Third, our study did not include external or split-sample validation of the diagnostic performance of serum FGL2 levels, which may aect the generalizability of the diagnostic findings. Validation in independent cohorts is warranted to confirm and strengthen the diagnostic utility. Fourth, transcriptomic analysis was based on publicly available bulk RNA datasets derived from colonic mucosal biopsies. These data do not allow for cell type-specific or isoform-specific resolution of FGL2 expression. Therefore, the transcriptomic findings should be interpreted as exploratory and supportive rather than definitive evidence of the mechanism. Finally, mucosal biopsy or immunohistochemistry was not performed to assess tissue-level FGL2 expression. Future studies incorporating tissue analysis and mechanistic investigations into how FGL2 interacts with gut mucosal immunity and the neuro- immune axis are needed to clarify its role in IBS pathophysiology.

  Serum FGL2 is correlated with the severity and psychological status of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome · 2026 · DOI

• AI application in diagnosis of malignant digestive tract tumors faces ongoing opportunities and challenges in endoscopy and pathology that need to be addressed.

  Artificial intelligence-driven gastrointestinal functional assessment: multimodal imaging, digital biomarkers, and real-time monitoring · 2026 · DOI

• Limited data on mirtazapine efficacy in specific veterinary GI disorders beyond appetite stimulation, such as in gastroparesis or postoperative ileus in animals.

  Mirtazapine in veterinary medicine: focus on its role in gastrointestinal disorders - review · 2025 · DOI

• Other signaling conduits, in addition to vagal afferents, could also be involved linking gut serotonergic signaling to mood (eg, gut microbiota, immune cells). CLINICAL RESEARCH RELEVANCE Through a seminal prospective birth cohort study, we show that maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure is significantly associated with infant development of the disorder of gut-brain interactions, functional constipation. This potential effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, as well as numerous others (eg, cognitive and mood disorders) may be alleviated by the use of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is effective but not systemically absorbed, such as one targeted to the intestinal epithelium. BASIC RESEARCH RELEVANCE Serotonin has been shown to play important roles in gastrointestinal motility and mood. Yet, drugs that target the serotonergic system for these conditions are often not highly effective. Understanding the mechanisms by which serotonin affects the relationship between gastrointestinal and mood disorders may thus enable the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Gastroenterology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2025 September 16. A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t Hung et al. Page 21 Figure 1. Selective deletion of SERT from the intestinal epithelium throughout life promotes anxiolytic and antidepressive phenotypes. (A) Schematic of behavioral tests performed in VillinCre::SERTfl/fl mice. (B) OFT: Total ambulatory distance, time in center, center entries, and number of vertical rearings. (C) NSFT: Latency to touch paper, bite and eat pellet, % mice not eating during the NSFT, and food consumption post-testing. (D) LDB: Time and entries into the illuminated side of the box. (E) EPM: Time and entries in open arms. (F) TST: Time spent immobile. Male (n = 32–57) and female (n = 34–53) mice. Student unpaired t test was used to compare groups and is represented as mean ± SEM. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare experimental groups across time. *P <.05, ns: non-significant. Data are represented as mean ± SEM in an aligned scatter plot. Gastroenterology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2025 September 16. A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t Hung et al. Page 22 Figure 2. Inducible SERT deletion from the intestinal epithelium in adulthood promotes an anxiolytic phenotype. (A) Schematic of behavioral tests performed in VillinCre-ERT2::SERTfl/ fl-tamoxifen (TAM) mice. (B) OFT: Total ambulatory distance, time in center, center entries, and vertical rearings. (C) NSFT: Latency to touch paper, bite and eat pellet, % of mice not eating and food consumption post-testing. (D) LDB: Time and entries into the illuminated side of the box.

  Intestinal Epithelial Serotonin as a Novel Target for Treating Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction and Mood · 2024 · DOI

• BACKGROUND: Insufficient data are available on the administrative incidence and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Germany, as well as on its comorbidities, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and costs.

  The Prevalence, Comorbidity, Management and Costs of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Observational Study Using Routine Health Insurance Data · 2019 · DOI

• Although probiotics and synbiotics are generally well tolerated, differences in the composition and concentration of different bacterial species and inclusion or exclusion of prebiotic components varies widely across studies and has prevented strong recommendations on their use in IBS.

  Modulation of the gut microbiota: a focus on treatments for irritable bowel syndrome · 2017 · DOI

• Functional gastrointestinal disorders, including the irritable bowel syndrome, account for up to 40% of referrals to gastroenterologists, but accurate data on the natural history of these disorders in the general population are lacking.

  Onset and Disappearance of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders · 1992 · DOI

• How this will be psychically repre- sented in Monica’s later development remains to be seen. com at Yale University Library on July 6, 2015 DEPRESSION IN AN INFANT IVITH A GASTRIC FISTULA 451 the vicissitudes of these relationships goes far beyond the scope of this paper. TYhile our observations are limited to a single infant whose development undoubtedly differed from the ordinary in a number of ways, we nonetheless feel they justify a consideration of their applicability to the understanding of the problem of depression.

  Spontaneous and Experimentally Induced Depressions in an Infant with A Gastric Fistula: A Contribution to the Problem of Depression · 1956 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Gastrointestinal motility and disorders

• Onset and Disappearance of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders · American Journal of Epidemiology · 1992 · 357 citations
• Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases in a Cohort of Sri Lankan Adolescents: Comparison Between Rome II and Rome III Criteria · Journal of Tropical Pediatrics · 2010 · 116 citations
• A chemogenetic screen reveals that Trpv1-expressing neurons control regulatory T cells in the gut · Science · 2024 · 100 citations
• Currently recommended treatments of childhood constipation are not evidence based: a systematic literature review on the effect of laxative treatment and dietary measures · Archives of Disease in Childhood · 2008 · 96 citations
• Prebiotics and Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Disorders · Nutrients · 2024 · 91 citations
• A Bowel Symptom Questionnaire for the Elderly · Journal of Gerontology · 1992 · 82 citations
• A low FODMAP diet plus traditional dietary advice versus a low-carbohydrate diet versus pharmacological treatment in irritable bowel syndrome (CARIBS): a single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial · ˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024 · 75 citations
• Global prevalence of constipation in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023 · 75 citations
• Neuroimmune Interactions in the Intestine · Annual Review of Immunology · 2024 · 71 citations
• Benefits of dietary fibre for children in health and disease · Archives of Disease in Childhood · 2022 · 68 citations

Most recent work

• Artificial intelligence-driven gastrointestinal functional assessment: multimodal imaging, digital biomarkers, and real-time monitoring · Frontiers in Physiology · 2026
• High-Intensity vs. Low-Intensity Exercise in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome · Journal of Education Health and Sport · 2026
• Depressive Symptoms Trajectories and Chronic Digestive Disease in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study · Journal of Prevention · 2026
• Constipation and Your Child · Pediatric Patient Education · 2026
• Research Progress on the Mechanism of Huanji Zhixie Decoction in Improving Diarrhea - Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome of Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency Pattern via Mediating the TP53-PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway · Journal of Contemporary Medical Practice · 2026
• Emotions deteriorate gastrointestinal health: Diagnosing problems through artificial intelligence and psychometric and psycholinguistic techniques · World Journal of Psychiatry · 2026
• Weizmannia coagulans BC99 improved intestinal motility and chronic constipation through regulating gut microbiota: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial · European Journal of Nutrition · 2026
• Diabetic Gastroparesis Refractory to Medical Therapy Requiring Gastrojejunostomy: A Case Report from a Resource-Limited Setting · Sri Lanka Journal of Medicine · 2026
• Postmarketing surveillance of elobixibat for patients with chronic constipation and concomitant schizophrenia or depression in Japan · Frontiers in Psychiatry · 2026
• Serum FGL2 is correlated with the severity and psychological status of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome · Frontiers in Medicine · 2026

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