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Open research questions in Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress

486 gap statements mined from Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,288 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Previous studies have indicated that p-coumaric acid (PCA) can inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer; however, whether PCA exerts an inhibitory effect on HCC and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The regulatory role of PCA on ROS in HCC cells remains unclear.

    p-Coumaric acid inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through promoting ROS accumulation · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on well-designed clinical trials using standardised interventions and clearly defined dosing strategies, together with microbiome profiling to identify responder groups. However, clinical evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, with generally modest and inconsistent effects across studies.

    Glucosinolates and their derivatives in obesity: mechanisms, bioavailability, and converter phenotype-driven variability in clinical outcomes · 2026 · DOI

  • These transcriptomic results are exploratory and need to be replicated and validated in larger sample sizes, especially for DEGs involved in DNA repair.

    Bioactivated Glucoraphanin Exerts a Potential Protective Effect in an In Vitro Model of Parkinson’s Disease: A Transcriptomic Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Overcoming current challenges and developing new approaches will be essential to use Nrf2 modulation effectively. Individual genetic properties influence the response to Nrf2 modulators. Polymorphisms in the NRF2 gene and KEAP1 gene can alter Nrf2 activity and impact disease susceptibility and therapeutic outcomes. Functional Nrf2 polymorphisms are associated with the risk of various human diseases.

    Nrf2 Modulation by Natural Compounds in Aging, Neurodegeneration, and Neuropathic Pain · 2026 · DOI

  • Analysis of the available literature reveals conflicting data on the aglycone structure of cheiranthosides, underscoring the need for additional research employing advanced spectroscopic techniques.

    The Genus Erysimum (Brassicaceae): A Comprehensive Review of Its Diversity in Asia, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Potential · 2026 · DOI

  • The second limitation of this study is that viral load was not measured. We also acknowledge that Lyz2-Cre-mediated deletion is not restricted to macrophages and may also affect other myeloid lineages, which represents a limitation of this study.

    Suppression of Nr1d1/Bnip3-dependent mitophagy by notch signaling aggravates inflammatory response in RSV-infected mice lungs · 2026 · DOI

  • These considerations position the VitD3-Nrf2 axis as a promising mechanistic target for future research, while its therapeutic applicability in oxidative stress–related disorders remains to be established.

    The interplay between vitamin D3 and Nrf2 signaling: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials · 2026 · DOI

  • Although substantial preclinical evidence supports the therapeutic potential of the VitD3–Nrf2 axis, several important challenges remain before these findings can be successfully translated into clinical practice.

    The interplay between vitamin D3 and Nrf2 signaling: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate whether NRF2 alters BRG1 occupancy at CIITA promoters, whether candidate cofactors are redistributed following NRF2 activation, and whether Pol II recruitment at CIITA changes in an NRF2-dependent manner.

    NRF2: sensing stress, shaping immunity - keeping inflammation quiet and antigens out of sight · 2026 · DOI

  • The role of miRNAs in modulating Nrf2 activity is not fully understood. The mechanisms by which Nrf2 and miRNAs interact to impact cancer cell survival and therapy resistance are not well characterized. There is a need for strategies to limit Nrf2 signaling and its downstream effects in cancer.

    Crosstalk between Nrf2 and miRNAs in oxidative stress, cancer progression, and therapy resistance · 2026 · DOI

  • In conclusion, while broccoli and its bioactive compounds, particularly GSLs and SFN, show great promise in promoting human health and preventing chronic diseases, further research is needed to overcome the challenges associated with their stability, synthesis, and clinical application.

    The Multifaceted Health Benefits of Broccoli—A Review of Glucosinolates, Phenolics and Antimicrobial Peptides · 2025 · DOI

  • Several key issues remain unresolved in the field: 1. What is the optimal dosing regimen for antioxidants in cancer therapy? When should antioxidants be administered to maximize their therapeutic effects in relation to other treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation? How can we account for patient variability, including genetics and tumor biology, when designing antioxidant-based treatments?

    Harnessing Antioxidants in Cancer Therapy: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions · 2025 · DOI

  • Specifically, studies should clarify Trx1-mediated redox mechanisms in Wnt/β-catenin signaling during osteogenesis and assess their broader relevance to tissue repair. Additionally, examining Prx2’s role in β-catenin stabilization and Wnt activation may offer therapeutic insights into hepatocellular carcinoma and related cancers.

    Beyond Antioxidants: How Redox Pathways Shape Cellular Signaling and Disease Outcomes · 2025 · DOI

  • While oxPTMs, such as legumain sulfenylation, have been demonstrated as a crucial pathogenic mechanism of Helicobacter pylori infection for gastric cancer, strategies targeting these oxPTMs remain to be investigated. In addition to these basic features, research on oxidative stress related to other hallmarks of gastric cancer is scarce and requires further investigation.

    Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in Gastric Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implications · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on biomarker-guided patient stratification and the development of Nrf2-based combinatorial therapies that complement existing immunomodulatory approaches in IBD.

    Nrf2 as a Molecular Guardian of Redox Balance and Barrier Integrity in IBD · 2025 · DOI

  • Although Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) remains the gold standard for profiling chromatin-protein interactions, its high input material requirements pose significant challenges for applications at the single-cell level.

    Decoding the NRF2–NOTCH Crosstalk in Lung Cancer—An Update · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on developing species-specific formulations, investigating synergistic effects of combined Nrf2 activators, and conducting comparative efficacy studies across different livestock species.

    Therapeutic Agents Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway to Combat Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Inflammation in Veterinary and Translational Medicine · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite the above findings, it remains unclear whether the beneficial effects of FMN on PD are related to Nrf2 activation. However, little is known about the effects of FMN on PD. However, little is known about the effects of FMN on PD.

    Formononetin Exerts Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease via the Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway · 2024 · DOI

  • While the potential of PTS in activating Nrf2 has been established, its mechanism of action in the epigenetic regulation of Nrf2 remains to be elucidated.

    Pterostilbene Reverses Epigenetic Silencing of Nrf2 and Enhances Antioxidant Response in Endothelial Cells in Hyperglycemic Microenvironment · 2024 · DOI

  • One of the challenges is the lack of human studies on the effects of Eruca sativa on male fertility. Another challenge is the need to fully understand the mechanisms behind the actions of Eruca sativa. The study also highlights the challenge of translating the findings from animal models to human studies.

    Emerging Role of Eruca sativa Mill. in Male Reproductive Health · 2024 · DOI

  • Various kinds of medicinal plants were known as possible cancer modifiers. They were considered as breakthroughs for the prevention and therapy of cancer. It may be said that imperfection of the oxidation cascade may be checked by irreversible cell injury, which can lead to cell death.

    The Dual Role of Dietary Phytochemicals in Oxidative Stress: Implications for Oncogenesis, Cancer Chemoprevention, and ncRNA Regulation · 2025 · DOI

  • Current clinical research is extensively evaluating the prophylactic potential of natural compounds against carcinogenesis. Contemporary chemotherapeutic agents, while efficacious, are frequently associated with adverse side effects. The incorporation of natural compounds in cancer preventive strategies may mitigate such adverse reactions.

    Harnessing Sulforaphane Potential as a Chemosensitizing Agent: A Comprehensive Review · 2024 · DOI

  • Collectively, the computational and experimental evidence supports a potential Corilagin–NRF2/ABCG2 regulatory relationship associated with attenuation of intestinal injury and modulation of ERS-related responses, thereby providing a mechanistic basis for further investigation of Corilagin as a potential therapeutic candidate for IIRI.

    Multi-source data integration and ensemble machine learning analysis of the role of Corilagin in regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and alleviating intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury in mice · 2026 · DOI

  • Unravel the mechanism behind the actions of ES, - Investigate the beneficial effects of rocket in improving male fertility potential, - Conduct human studies…

    Emerging Role of Eruca sativa Mill. in Male Reproductive Health · 2024 · DOI

  • RT4 cells did not migrate and were therefore not included in chemotaxis experiments, - Limited to in vitro experiments, - Small sample of cell…

    Sulforaphane Inhibits Adhesion and Migration of Cisplatin- and Gemcitabine-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Previous studies have indicated that p-coumaric acid (PCA) can inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer; however, whether PCA exerts an inhibitory effect on HCC and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear (“p-Coumaric acid inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through promoting ROS…”, 2026); (2) Future research should focus on well-designed clinical trials using standardised interventions and clearly defined dosing strategies, together with microbiome profiling to identify responder groups (“Glucosinolates and their derivatives in obesity: mechanisms, bioavailability,…”, 2026); (3) These considerations position the VitD3-Nrf2 axis as a promising mechanistic target for future research, while its therapeutic applicability in oxidative stress–related disorders remains to be established (“The interplay between vitamin D3 and Nrf2 signaling: mechanistic insights and…”, 2026); (4) Future research should investigate whether NRF2 alters BRG1 occupancy at CIITA promoters, whether candidate cofactors are redistributed following NRF2 activation, and whether Pol II recruitment at CIITA changes in an NRF2-dependent manner (“NRF2: sensing stress, shaping immunity - keeping inflammation quiet and…”, 2026); (5) The role of miRNAs in modulating Nrf2 activity is not fully understood (“Crosstalk between Nrf2 and miRNAs in oxidative stress, cancer progression, and…”, 2026). 486 gap statements have been mined from Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,288 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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