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Open research questions in HIV-related health complications and treatments

189 gap statements mined from HIV-related health complications and treatments papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 737 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Future research could focus on revascularisation outcomes in age-matched prospective studies, addressing aspects such as socioeconomic factors, WIfI scores and post-discharge follow-up. Further research is required to better understand the challenges faced by PLHIV with CLTI.

    Human immunodeficiency virus in chronic limb-threatening ischaemia: Risk factors, management, and outcomes: A South African retrospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective predictive models for HIV patients is a significant problem. The current antiretroviral therapy medications have limitations in terms of efficacy and accessibility.

    Stability and Transformation Prediction of HIV Viral Load Using the Application of Machine Learning and Principal Component Algorithms · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should examine whether improvements in perceived risk translate into sustained behavioural change and reduced hypertension risk among PLHIV.

    Prevalence and factors associated with low perceived risk of hypertension among adults living with HIV in Eastern Uganda · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faced challenges in terms of the limited generalizability of the findings due to the small sample size and single-site design. The study faced challenges in terms of the potential biases and limitations of using secondary data.

    Prevalence and associated factors of prediabetes among adults living with HIV receiving dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in Zambia · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a modest sample size, which limited the power to detect small-to-moderate associations. The study's findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the limited sample size and potential influential observations. The study did not apply formal multiple-comparison adjustment due to the exploratory nature of the correlations.

    Elevated high sensitivity cardiac troponin T among men with HIV who use stimulants: A cross-sectional study of subclinical cardiovascular injury · 2026 · DOI

  • The relationship between stimulant use and cardiovascular disease risk in people with HIV is not well understood. There is a need for further research on the effects of stimulant use on cardiovascular disease risk in people with HIV. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the relationship between stimulant use and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels.

    Elevated high sensitivity cardiac troponin T among men with HIV who use stimulants: A cross-sectional study of subclinical cardiovascular injury · 2026 · DOI

  • The study aims to address the gap in understanding the relationship between HIV infection duration and left ventricular concentric remodeling and myocardial fibrosis.

    Association Between HIV Infection Duration and Left Ventricular Concentric Remodeling and Myocardial Fibrosis: A Cross‐Sectional Study Using Cardiac MRI · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for reliable biomarkers to facilitate early identification and screening of cognitive impairment in people living with HIV. Prior studies have identified a gap in the understanding of the relationship between plasma biomarkers and cognitive impairment in this population.

    Plasma neurofilament light chain and Dickkopf-1 as biomarkers associated with cognitive impairment in people living with HIV: a case-control study · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies can build on the findings of this study to further investigate the safety profile of biktarvy. Future research can explore the causal relationships between biktarvy and adverse events.

    Comparative safety profile of biktarvy: insights from a clinical cohort and the FAERS database · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for real-world evidence on the adverse events associated with biktarvy. The study addresses the gap in knowledge on the safety profile of biktarvy.

    Comparative safety profile of biktarvy: insights from a clinical cohort and the FAERS database · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to consider HIV as a potential cause of stroke in young patients. There is a lack of awareness about the diverse neurological manifestations of HIV.

    Lacunar Infarction as a Neurological Manifestation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the relationship between Mediterranean diet adherence and systemic inflammation in people with HIV and PrEP users. Prior studies have focused on the general population or specific patient groups.

    Mediterranean diet adherence and systemic inflammation in people with HIV and PrEP users · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a retrospective design, which may be subject to biases and limitations. The sample size was limited to 117 patients. The study relied on self-reported data, which may be subject to social desirability bias.

    Abandono da terapia antirretroviral e desafios de retenção em HIV: evidências sobre fatores psicossociais e implicações para a gestão em saúde em Maputo, Moçambique · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of interventions designed to address psychosocial factors and organizational issues. Research should explore the impact of patient-centered care on retention in ART. The study highlights the need for further research on the social and economic context of HIV patients in Mozambique.

    Abandono da terapia antirretroviral e desafios de retenção em HIV: evidências sobre fatores psicossociais e implicações para a gestão em saúde em Maputo, Moçambique · 2026 · DOI

  • The role of lipoprotein(a) in people living with HIV is not well understood. There is a lack of knowledge on the relationship between Lp(a) and cardiovascular risk in this population. The association between Lp(a) and subclinical coronary artery disease in people living with HIV is unclear.

    The impact of lipoprotein(a) determination in cardiovascular risk stratification among people living with HIV · 2026 · DOI

  • Although previous research has established links between peripheral mitochondrial function and cognition in other disease contexts—and has characterized the cognitive and biological consequences of chronic stress—the interplay between mitochondria, cognition, and glucocorticoids (GCs) remains especially underexplored in WWH.

    Early Life Stress and Cognitive Impairment in Women with HIV: A Mitochondrial Perspective · 2026 · DOI

  • People with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience excess morbidity and mortality from comorbidities including cardiovascular and metabolic disease, yet the biological mechanisms underlying these outcomes in virally suppressed PWH (VS-PWH) remain incompletely understood.

    Plasma metabolomics reveals lipid-predominant metabolic disruptions in virologically suppressed people with HIV · 2026 · DOI

  • HIV-Mtb coinfection significantly accelerates disease progression through inflammatory cytokine-mediated pathways, though the exact mechanisms remain debated.

    Literature Review on HIV-Mtb Coinfection and Stroke Risk · 2026 · DOI

  • The effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on WNV-specific neutralising titres in frozen serum from immunosuppressed hosts remains limited. The relationship among repeated freeze-thaw cycles, long-term storage temperature, and WNV neutralising antibody detection warrants further investigation.

    Pre-Analytical Storage Conditions and West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in an HIV Cohort Sero-Repository Comment on: Prevalence and characterization of West Nile virus infections among people living with HIV in Northern Italy: a sero-repository analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Several limitations of this study warrant acknowledgement. The binary classification of herpesvirus status as detectable versus undetectable DNAaemia did not account for viral load magnitude, and the small number of CMV-detectable patients (n = 4) precluded quantitative viral load analyses.

    Dynamics of virological suppression and systemic immune-inflammatory response following antiretroviral therapy in pediatric HIV infection · 2026 · DOI

  • Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLHIV), yet the influence of obesity and hypertension on hyperuricemia remains poorly characterized in sub-Saharan Africa.

    Obesity, hypertension, and hyperuricemia among people living with HIV in Ghana: a cross-sectional study · 2026 · DOI

  • These results suggest that VDR polymorphisms showed no statistically significant association with HIV/AIDS epidemiology in this ecological analysis; at most, these findings generate a population-level hypothesis that vitamin D–mediated immune responses may warrant further study.

    The Effect of rs7975232 (ApaI) and rs731236 (TaqI) VDR Polymorphisms on HIV/AIDS Prevalence and Mortality: An International Population Genetics Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Finally, interpretation of differences between ART regimens was limited by the small sample sizes and high variability in non-dolutegravir-based groups, especially atazanavir-based protease inhibitor regimens.

    Antiretroviral therapy and lipid disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS in the West Region of Cameroon: a comparative cross-sectional study · 2026 · DOI

  • Small sample size, - Retrospective cohort study, - Limited follow-up data for some patients, - Potential for selection bias, - Model overfitting due to limited sample…

    Low-Level Viremia in People Living with HIV: A Retrospective Cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigation of the mechanisms underlying LLV, - Examination of the relationship between LLV and antiretroviral treatment failure, - Study of the impact of LLV on long-term clinical outcomes, - Exploration of strategies to prevent or treat…

    Low-Level Viremia in People Living with HIV: A Retrospective Cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in HIV-related health complications and treatments

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Future research could focus on revascularisation outcomes in age-matched prospective studies, addressing aspects such as socioeconomic factors, WIfI scores and post-discharge follow-up (“Human immunodeficiency virus in chronic limb-threatening ischaemia: Risk…”, 2026); (2) The lack of effective predictive models for HIV patients is a significant problem (“Stability and Transformation Prediction of HIV Viral Load Using the Application…”, 2026); (3) Future research should examine whether improvements in perceived risk translate into sustained behavioural change and reduced hypertension risk among PLHIV (“Prevalence and factors associated with low perceived risk of hypertension among…”, 2026); (4) The relationship between stimulant use and cardiovascular disease risk in people with HIV is not well understood (“Elevated high sensitivity cardiac troponin T among men with HIV who use…”, 2026); (5) There is a need for reliable biomarkers to facilitate early identification and screening of cognitive impairment in people living with HIV (“Plasma neurofilament light chain and Dickkopf-1 as biomarkers associated with…”, 2026). 189 gap statements have been mined from HIV-related health complications and treatments papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 737 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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