Open research questions in HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions

What the literature leaves open

• This stance risks return- ing researchers and practitioners to the era of scarce data on trans women by halting the recording of trans identity in surveillance data and cancelling NHBS-Trans, leading to an HIV epidemic that goes unnoticed and unchecked.

  Stalled Progress in HIV Prevention for Trans Women in San Francisco: A Call for Upstream Solutions and Renewed Support for Public Health and Human Rights · 2026 · DOI

• Despite the availability of literature focused on the role of gender norms on HIV outcomes, few studies exist that explore how they affect provider–client relationships in ways pertinent to clients’ HIV care engagement.

  Exploring the Effect of Gender Norms on Provider–Client Interactions Relevant to HIV Care Engagement: A Qualitative Study in Uganda · 2026 · DOI

• 003* Given the benefits observed, future research should focus on applying this intervention to a wider range of institutions with larger sample sizes to assess its long -term impact.

  Effect of digitally delivered peer education on nursing and midwifery students’ attitudes toward caring for people with HIV and AIDS · 2026 · DOI

• Recognizing the potential harm of returning recency results for some, regardless of whether recent or long-term, and the lack of evidence showing benefits to individuals from knowing these results, programs should carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits of routinely returning recency test results.

  Self-reported Intimate Partner Violence Before and After Return of Recency Test Results: Findings from the Rwanda HIV Recency Evaluation Study · 2026 · DOI

• Strengthening support systems, to community-based care, and tailoring interventions to the unique needs of KPs are vital to sustaining adherence and achieving favorable health outcomes for both mothers and their infants. Future efforts should focus on expanding improving access Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine • 2026 • 7(10) | 6 Sanni, et al.: HIV treatment adherence and outcomes in pregnant women comprehensive care models and addressing structural barriers to ensure equitable access to ART and improve health outcomes in these vulnerable groups.

  Human immunodeficiency virus treatment adherence and outcomes in pregnant women among key populations in Nigeria · 2026 · DOI

• Participants described using PrEP as a pragmatic strategy to manage uncertainties within sexual relationships, including condom failure, alcohol use, and limited knowledge of partners’ HIV status.

  Motivations and Barriers to Sustained PrEP Use Among Men in Buffalo City Metro, South Africa: A Qualitative Study · 2026 · DOI

• This study also has limitations that future research should address. Although this study high- lights common themes across participants, it did not exam- ine within-group differences, and future research should explore how variation in factors such as age, HIV status, migration history, country of origin, and work experience shapes intervention needs to inform responsive interven- tion adaptation for subgroups of LSMM. Finally, although this study identified themes that guided modifications to the original Work2Prevent intervention, these changes have not yet been evaluated.

  Employment as HIV Prevention: Adapting an Employment-focused Intervention to Achieve HIV-Related Health Equity among Latino SMM Born Outside the US · 2026 · DOI

• Our findings support several actionable recommendations. First, routine TB screening (e.g., WHO four-symptom screen) at every clinical encounter and provision of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) to all CLHIV without active TB should be prioritized. Second, CPT should be initiated at HIV diagnosis and continued indefinitely, with intensive adherence support for children and families, particularly those with AHD. Third, regular CD4 monitoring remains essential to identify children at highest OI risk who may require more frequent visits, secondary Fourth, the prophylaxis or AHD-specific interventions. high orphan rate calls for integration of psychosocial and nutritional support into HIV care programmes. Finally, this study underscores the urgent need to strengthen prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) to reduce the number of new pediatric HIV infections and consequently AHD. 6,7 17 11 REFERENCES 1. Panel on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of Children Living with HIV. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Ogbu O, Ejeliogu E, Okolo S, Oguche S, Bok M, Onyemocho A Pediatric HIV Infection. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health; 2022. Available from: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/pediatricarv/whats-new (accessed 15 May 2026) 2. UNAIDS. Global AIDS Update 2023: The Path That Ends AIDS. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS; 2023. 3. Gona P, Van Dyke RB, Williams PL, Dankner WM, Chernoff MC, Nachman SA, et al. Incidence of opportunistic and other infections in HIV-infected children in the HAART era. JAMA. 2006;296(3):292-300. 4. B-Lajoie MR, Drouin O, Bartlett G, Nguyen Q, Low A, Gavriilidis G, et al. Incidence and prevalence of opportunistic and other infections and the impact of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(12):1586-94. 5. World Health Organization. Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Prevention, Testing, Treatment, Service Delivery and Monitoring: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031 593 (accessed 15 May 2026) 6. World Health Organization. Priority Antiretroviral Drugs for the Management of Advanced HIV Disease and Rapid Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy. Geneva: WHO; 2018. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CDS- HIV-18.09 (accessed 14 May 2026) 7. World Health Organization. Advanced HIV Disease: When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy, What to Start, and How to Monitor. Geneva: WHO; 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240052 598 (accessed 15 May 2026) 8. UNAIDS. Nigeria HIV and AIDS Fact Sheet. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2022.

  Prevalence, Pattern, and Predictors of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Children on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Plateau State, Nigeria · 2026 · DOI

• Future research should explore whether condom use with PrEP reflects informed combination prevention or skepticism about PrEP effectiveness. Although our study did not directly assess LAI PrEP, the adherence barriers identified in our qualitative findings suggest that future research should examine the acceptability of these formulations among jus- tice-involved populations [13].

  “Why not take that pill?”: A Mixed-Methods Study of Gender, Risk Perception, and PrEP Uptake Among Drug-Involved Heterosexual Couples Under Community Supervision · 2026 · DOI

• Despite its promising results, our study had multiple limita- tions. The study has limitations because it was not specifically powered to detect differences in PrEP intentions, as these were added after the study began, which limits both the statistical power and generalizability across groups. The participants in this study were part of an HIV risk reduction intervention; therefore, they may differ from other drug-involved males under community supervision with their partners. The study cannot determine how the intervention affected PrEP inten- tions because the baseline PrEP intention assessment was only added at the 12-month follow-up after PrEP received approval. This study measured theoretical willingness instead of actual PrEP adoption. Notably, long-acting injectable PrEP formulations were not available during data collection and were not assessed in this study; any implications regarding these formulations should be considered as directions for future research. Additionally, the four-item PrEP intention index was developed specifically for this study, as no vali- dated measure existed at the time of data collection, but has not been psychometrically validated. Furthermore, qualitative interviews were restricted to couples who completed all five PACT sessions, as the interviews were originally designed to assess participants’ experiences with the intervention ses- sions; PrEP-related questions were added after the study began but prior to the 12-month follow-up. Non-completers may have provided valuable insights into barriers to engage- ment and PrEP acceptance. Regarding causal inference, study sites were not randomly selected but were chosen based on established partnerships and caseload size, limiting gener- alizability to other geographic settings and criminal legal contexts. Participants self-selected into the study and were required to meet specific eligibility criteria, which may fur- ther limit the representativeness of the sample. These factors, combined with the exploratory nature of the PrEP analysis, warrant caution in drawing causal conclusions.

  “Why not take that pill?”: A Mixed-Methods Study of Gender, Risk Perception, and PrEP Uptake Among Drug-Involved Heterosexual Couples Under Community Supervision · 2026 · DOI

• The current study was cross-sectional in design, and this limits conclusions in terms of causality. Self-assessment might lead to reporting bias, and diagnostic assessments would have yielded more reliable findings. A comparison of our sample with healthy control might have made a stron- ger case for the role of HIV as a determinant of QoL. More- over, we did not assess the stage of the disease, which can be an important determinant.

  Quality of life and its association with anxiety, depression, and social support among people living with HIV in Calabar, Nigeria · 2026 · DOI

• Further research on the occurrence of ADRs in AIDS patients in other facilities in the countries and even in the African region is also recommended in order to come up with solutions that can help address the issue.

  Adverse drug reactions among AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral treatment at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Uganda · 2026 · DOI

• Uganda has achieved major progress in expanding viral load (VL) testing coverage, yet the burden and trends of LLV among children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) remain insufficiently described.

  Trends and spatial distribution of low-level viremia among Ugandan children and adolescents, 2014–2023 · 2026 · DOI

• Abstract Delayed diagnosis and poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence remain primary drivers of HIV-related morbidity in low-resource settings, yet real-world AI validation at scale is lacking.

  Real-World Validation of Machine Learning Models for HIV Treatment Adherence Prediction and Care Gap Quantification: A Multi-Country Analysis of 192,732 Clinical Records · 2026 · DOI

• The challenge of uptake of HIV treatment is not devoid of solutions, despite its complexities. In line with the findings and based on the conclusion drawn, the following recommendations will curb the lack of uptake of ART by those who have tested positive but refused to take up treatment: 1. There should be legislation, laws and policies at the state level that prohibit discrimination and stigmatisation of people living with HIV/AIDS. It is worth mentioning here that a bill for an Act to prohibit all forms of stigmatisation against PLHIV was passed by the 9th Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly, but the then Governor refused assent. Such a bill should be revisited, and if the current Governor refuses assent, his assent should be overridden in order to give protection and safeguards to the rights of PLHIV in the state. 2. There should be creation of awareness and a sensitisation programme on the efficacy of ART and the dangers of refusing to take the treatment and the lack of treatment INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY Volume 7, Issue 1 March 2026 Michael, Aniekan Akpan, Chukwuemeka Emmanuel Uwaezuoke & Ajene Abraham Adams 115 adherence. REFERENCES Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioural model and access to medical care: Does i t m a t t e r ? J o u r n a l o f H e a l t h a n d S o c i a l B e h a v i o u r, 3 6 ( 1), 1 – 1 0. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137284 Carpenter, C. J. (2010). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of health belief model variables i n p r e d i c t i n g b e h a v i o u r. H e a l t h C o m m u n i c a t i o n, 2 5 ( 8), 6 6 1 – 6 6 9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2010.521906 Corbett, E. L., Dauya, E., Matambo, R., Cheung, Y. B., Makamure, B., Bassett, M. T.,... & Butterworth, A. E. (2006). Uptake of workplace HIV counselling and testing: A clusterr a n d o m i z e d t r i a l i n Z i m b a b w e. P L o S M e d i c i n e, 3 ( 7), e 2 3 8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030238 Daniel, U. S. and Peters, M. I. (2024). Teenage Mothers and Pregnancy Related Challenges in Tradional Sociees of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Culture and Society. 2(2): 72 – 78. Elford, J., Ibrahim, F., Bukutu, C., & Anderson, J. (2008). Disclosure of HIV status: The role of ethnicity among people living with HIV in London. Journal of Acquired Immune D e fi c i e n c y 5 1 4 – 5 2 1. S y n d r o m e s, https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181641f7d 4 7 ( 4), Erah, P. O., & Arute, J. E. (2008). Adherence of HIV/AIDS patients to antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary health facility in Benin City. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2(7), 145–152. Erwin, J., & Peters, B. (1999). Treatment issues for HIV+ Africans in London. Social Science & Medicine, 49(11), 1519–1528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00223-X Evian, C.

  DETERMINANTS OF UPTAKE OF TREATMENT AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN UYO, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA · 2026 · DOI

• Although a case‒control study design was used, we used PMCT data, which have limitations such as bias, incomplete data, missing information, poor record quality, lack of detail in data, lack of active follow-up, and difficulty in establishing cause‒and‒effect relationships. A study was conducted in one district with a high HIV burden, but it might not represent the whole country. It is also important to note that the study included only women already engaged in PMTCT services; therefore, women who were lost to follow-up or who remained outside the formal care system—arguably those at highest risk—were not captured. As a result, the findings may not be generalizable to all pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in Lesotho. Additionally, it should be noted as a limitation that our study did not include an assessment of pregnancy outcomes, including mother-to- child HIV transmission. CONCLUSION To achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 strategy and eliminate mother-to-child transmission, those identified determinants of VL suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV require attention in the design of appropriate strategies. Suboptimal viral load suppression is concerning and poses a threat to eliminating mother-to-child transmission in Lesotho, where the mother-to-child risk of transmission was still > 5% at the time of this study. Given that low-level viraemia increases the risk of vertical HIV transmission, we recommend strengthening the implementation of updated guidelines.

  Determinants of Unfavourable Viral Load Suppression among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in Lesotho: A Case–control Study · 2026 · DOI

• This study is among the few to describe retention as a dynamic and evolving ART engagement, reasserting that client retention is not a binary state but a complex process. Differentiating client engagement patterns by type of retention support and phone access contributes to novel insights that can inform future retention service delivery strategies. Our study also had limitations. First, using a phone number as a proxy for phone access can be problematic for several reasons. Although phone numbers were confirmed at 2wT enrollment, some became inactive or did not work consistently throughout the study. Similarly, clients in SoC buddy support may have changed numbers during the study, and those categorised as without phones at enrolment may have obtained a phone later or may have had phone access later but did not PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323983 June 1, 2026 12 / 16 Table 4. ART engagement patterns by ART retention group: overall and by six-month intervals (2020–2023) at Lighthouse and Martin Preuss Centre, Lilongwe, Malawi.

  Tracing the journey: Patient engagement in long-term antiretroviral therapy care in Malawi · 2026 · DOI

• Our study is not exempt of limitations. First, while this analysis offers a descriptive view of all-cause excess deaths among PHWA and allows for comparisons between different demographic categories, it does not offer any control-group comparisons to the general population. Second, available data did not allow us to separate all-cause excess mortality into top causes, which prevents further comparison between HIV/AIDS-related deaths, COVID-19-related deaths, or other causes. Some sources put (non-excess) death due to HIV/AIDS for specific population sub-groups into the perspective of other top causes of death both in PWH and in the general population, mentioning cancer, COVID-19, unintentional injury, unintentional overdose, heart disease, homicide, and suicide as top sources of mortality [CDC HIV Mortality, 2021]. Third, stratification by co-morbidities (e.g., diabetes, hepatitis, mental illness) was not feasible due to data limitations, though these conditions likely influence excess mortality. Future expanded analyses into the breakdown of causes of excess deaths may allow for even more targeted health policy planning. Conclusions: Our results underscore the urgent need to account for the compounded vulnerabilities faced by PWHA during public health crises. By revealing recent mortality patterns that may not be captured by disease-specific mortality reporting alone, our findings help quantify the broader impact of overlapping epidemics. Understanding how structural barriers and biopsychosocial stressors influence mortality among PWHA can guide policymakers in designing more equitable emergency response plans. These findings can inform future public health programming, resource allocation, and policies to better support those at the highest risk in future pandemics. medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.09.25329225 ; this version posted June 10, 2025. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license .

  Estimating Excess Mortality Among People Living with HIV/AIDS During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA · 2026 · DOI

• This study has several limitations. First, while mobile phone data provide a valuable lens into population movement, their application in public health remains constrained by methodological challenges. The data used in this study were aggregated at the Traditional Authority (TA) level and averaged across six-month seasons. This smoothing likely masks short- term or cyclical movements, such as those tied to planting, harvest, or brief labor migration. 35 Moreover, the ecological design limits the ability to draw conclusions about individual-level behavior or access. The data reflect only subscribers to one mobile provider (TNM), excluding users of other networks and underrepresenting those without phones, those who frequently swap SIM cards, or those who rely on shared devices, representing groups that may be more vulnerable or more mobile. As a result, the most at-risk or underserved populations may be systematically underrepresented in the mobility estimates. Additionally, HIV testing data from the DHIS2 system are subject to reporting delays, inconsistent facility participation, and occasional gaps in geolocation. Although considerable effort was made to clean and validate these data, a small number of facilities could not be matched to geographic units and were excluded from analysis. The study period also overlaps with the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have introduced unpredictable disruptions to both mobility and health service access.

  HIV and Mobility: Assessing the Correlation Between Seasonal Movement and HIV Service Access in Malawi Through Mobile Phone Data · 2026 · DOI

• This study has several limitations. A key limitation of this study is the absence of longitudinal viral load and CD4 data, which pre- cluded direct assessment of immunologic HIV severity. As a result, BMI was used as a proxy marker, and findings should be interpreted in this context. The CATs, developed with Tanzanian collaborators and used in prior research, lack full formal psychometric validation in Kiswahili, though the HIV-negative group provides a meaningful normative reference. Survey instruments, while not formally vali- dated at the item level, were designed with input from Tanzanian healthcare professionals and community stakeholders for cultural relevance. Analyses of ART regimens were limited by small, uneven drug group sizes, especially for efavirenz, and complex combination therapies, restricting isolation of specific drug effects. Future research should assess drug-dosing effects across the BMI spectrum to identify underexposure thresholds and test whether dose adjustments improve virologic and inflammatory outcomes. Larger, balanced ART subgroup studies are needed to clarify neurocognitive risks of specific drugs, especially efavirenz. Longitudinal studies are essential to understand how early nutrition and infection influence auditory and cognitive development and whether CATs can predict long-term out- comes in HIV and TB populations. Prior studies suggest a non-linear relationship between BMI and neurocognitive outcomes, with increased risk at both low and high BMI ranges; while our analytic approach modeled BMI continuously to preserve power, future stud- ies with larger samples across BMI strata are needed to explicitly test threshold and piecewise effects. The lack of age matching across BMI categories poses an additional limitation, as age is closely related to both body composition and neurocognitive performance and may therefore act as a confounding factor. Although BMI was converted to age-adjusted z-scores and age was included as a covariate in all regression models, residual confounding by age across BMI strata cannot be fully excluded. Another related limitation of this study is the age disparity between PLWH and PLWOH, with the PLWH being significantly older on average. Although age was included as a covari- ate and z-scored within cohorts in all regression models, age itself is strongly associated with both cognitive and central auditory perfor- mance and may partially confound observed group differences. Future studies would benefit from tighter age matching or stratified analyses to more precisely disentangle the independent and interac- tive contributions of age, HIV infection, and metabolic factors to neurocognitive outcomes.

  Central auditory tests reveal deficits in HIV treatment · 2026 · DOI

• While this study offers valuable insights, its limitations include its geographic scope and sampling strategy. Data were collected exclusively from Mumbai and New Delhi, two large, densely populated metropolitan areas that, while informative, are not representative of India as a whole. As a result, these findings are not generalizable, particularly to rural and para-urban TGW populations. This represents a critical gap in understanding how misinformation affects HIV care more broadly. We focused on these urban centers because our partner organization, The Humsafar Trust, had well-established relationships with a diverse TGW popula- tion in these regions, making them well-suited to the study’s aims. Another limitation lies in the composition of the partici- pant sample, which is constrained in two key ways. First, all 30 participants were recruited through HST, a community- based organization. TGW unaffiliated with HST may have different levels of access to resources and distinct experi- ences with misinformation that are not captured in this analysis. Second, the study focused exclusively on TGW, excluding other transgender identities such as trans men 1 3AIDS and Behavior and non-binary individuals. Furthermore, the study captures only the perspectives of TGW who have engaged in treat- ment and ART. Thus, the experiences of TGW who have not engaged in treatment, which may be different, are not captured in this study. While this limits the generalizabil- ity of findings across the broader transgender spectrum, our focus on TGW was intentional, given their dispropor- tionately high burden of HIV. A systematic review found a 19.9% HIV prevalence among TGW, compared to 2.56% among transgender men [44]. Given this stark disparity, we prioritized understanding how misinformation impacts ART adherence among TGW.

  Misinformation, Social Media, and Myths About Injectable ART: Communication Barriers to HIV Care Among Transgender Women in India · 2026 · DOI

• The strengths of this systematic review and meta-analysis lie in the breadth of the search, the novelty of the research question, the analytical methods, and the narrative synthesis of factors associated with DVR adherence. Most limitations of our review originate from the underlying evidence. These include limited data availability, leading to the inability to conduct subgroup analyses and preventing pooling of all studies conducted in Africa to date. The risk of bias was low for most studies. There was a serious heterogeneity. This could be attributed to differences in study designs, dosing in mother studies or trials, and other clinical characteristics. We employed a random effects model that incorporates heterogeneity, however, we suggest caution when interpreting these results. Future directions based on study findings Given the findings of this study, there is a need to advance implementation research to determine circumstances that would help users adhere to the ring above the current rates. This could mean resizing the ring to limit the chance of part- ners feeling the ring during sexual intercourse and advancing the ring’s life span to limit it being user- dependent. Even though some findings already exist on young women [40], these are not sufficient to capture specifics on adherence among young women in Africa. Given the already known low adherence within this population, as well as the differences in risky health behaviors [57] that may exist across Africa [58], it is essential to investigate uptake and adherence within this population in a diversified context. Furthermore, there is a need to consider strategies to subsidize costs related to the use of the ring, especially for young people whose income levels often affect their use and adherence to sexual and reproductive health services and tools such as DVR [59,60]. Additionally, a standardized method to capture adherence should be employed for all studies being carried out. This would help in the effective evaluation of findings and a better understanding of implementation strategies. Furthermore, there is a need for study adherence across different catego- ries of women, including those at menopause. By capturing a wide and similar population across the globe, there would be room for a comprehensive comparative evaluation of DVR adherence worldwide, providing guidelines for implemen- tation. The unavailable of data and inability to use some of the already published findings in their current format require advanced methods such as Individual Patient Meta-analysis to help better explain factors associated with DVR and reasons behind the considerable level of heterogeneity between studies.

  Estimated adherence to the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and its associated factors among African women: A systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

• this could the Myanmar context, to reach younger adolescents. Given the low uptake of HIV testing among youth in Myanmar and the observed disparities by age, sex, sexual experience, and household wealth, targeted efforts are needed to strengthen youth- friendly HIV testing services, particularly for adolescents aged 15– 19 years, working youth, and those from lower socioeconomic include backgrounds. In expanding community-based and mobile HIV testing in peri-urban and rural areas and strengthening referral linkages between schools, community youth groups, and nearby public or non-governmental testing services In addition, interventions that address socio-cultural barriers, including stigma, embarrassment, and limited parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health, may further enhance uptake of HIV testing among youth. The strong concentration of testing among sexually experienced youth highlights the importance of promoting earlier and proactive HIV testing before or at sexual debut, including through school- and community-based platforms and linkages with sexual and reproductive health services. Developing and more systematically integrating HIV testing within broader youth-oriented health services and outreach programs may help reduce structural barriers and improve equitable access to HIV testing among young people in Myanmar.

  Factors associated with HIV testing among youth aged 15–24 years in Myanmar: evidence from the 2015–16 demographic and health survey · 2026 · DOI

• mentation rather than explanation of relationships among awareness, attitudes, and practices. The use of self-reported data may be subject to social desirability and recall bias. The geographic scope was limited to five municipalities in Leyte, which may affect generalizability to other regions. Additionally, only nurses and midwives were the included; perspectives of physicians and other allied health professionals were not captured.

  Policy Awareness and Practice Gaps in HIV Testing and MTCT Prevention in Maternity Clinics in Leyte · 2026 · DOI

• the specificity of Several limitations of the present study were noted. First, it was limited by the cross-sectional design of our study, which made it difficult to clarify causal relationships. Second, a convenience sampling method was adopted to incorporate participants because the study population, which made our of assessment potentially biased owing to the omission of patients with limited mobility or unwillingness to be surveyed. Third, given the presence of multicollinearity and the study’s focus on overall effects, the analysis was limited to the total stigma score, with no analysis conducted at the dimensional level. Future research should examine the specific effects of each subscale on mental health. Finally, this study only included older PLWHA; cross-age comparisons with young individuals are needed to identify age-related factors affecting anxiety and depression. FIGURE 2 (A, B) Simple slope plots of total quality of life as a moderator in the association between stigma and anxiety/depression. QOL, Quality of life.

  Stigma and anxiety/depression among Chinese older people living with HIV/AIDS: a moderated mediation model of coping strategies and quality of life · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions

• Antiretroviral Preexposure Prophylaxis for Heterosexual HIV Transmission in Botswana · New England Journal of Medicine · 2012 · 1,713 citations
• Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir or Daily F/TAF for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Women · New England Journal of Medicine · 2024 · 440 citations
• Framing Mechanisms Linking HIV-Related Stigma, Adherence to Treatment, and Health Outcomes · American Journal of Public Health · 2017 · 437 citations
• Greater Risk for HIV Infection of Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Critical Literature Review · American Journal of Public Health · 2006 · 426 citations
• Minority stress predictors of HIV risk behavior, substance use, and depressive symptoms: Results from a prospective study of bereaved gay men. · Health Psychology · 2008 · 306 citations
• Disclosure of an HIV Diagnosis to Children: History, Current Research, and Future Directions · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · 2007 · 231 citations
• Fertility Desires and Intentions of HIV-Positive Men and Women · Family Planning Perspectives · 2001 · 222 citations
• Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir for HIV Prevention in Men and Gender-Diverse Persons · New England Journal of Medicine · 2024 · 220 citations
• Recommendations for HIV Screening of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, 2017 · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · 2017 · 206 citations
• HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Persons with Monkeypox — Eight U.S. Jurisdictions, May 17–July 22, 2022 · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · 2022 · 187 citations

Most recent work

• Estimating Excess Mortality Among People Living with HIV/AIDS During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · 2026
• Real-World Validation of Machine Learning Models for HIV Treatment Adherence Prediction and Care Gap Quantification: A Multi-Country Analysis of 192,732 Clinical Records · medRxiv · 2026
• Pharmacological markers of HIV prevention for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men · Nature Communications · 2026
• Determinants of specificity and end-user acceptability of an IP-10-based point-of-care triage test for antiretroviral therapy monitoring in Mozambique · medRxiv · 2026
• Feasibility of integrating a point of care triage test into routine antiretroviral therapy monitoring in Mozambique: a qualitative evaluation · medRxiv · 2026
• Implementation Lessons and Policy Implications of Same-Day Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: Insights from the ART Same-Day Counselling and Initiation (ASCI) SOP in South Africa · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · 2026
• Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes, and Health Seeking Behaviors Regarding HIV and Hepatitis B Co-Infection in Liberian Communities: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study · International Journal of Preventive Medicine and Health · 2026
• Effect of enhanced peer PrEP referral with HIV self-testing delivery among young Kenyan women: A randomized controlled trial of peer networks · PLOS Medicine · 2026
• Determinants of Quality of Life of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa: A Systematic Review · Annals of African Medicine · 2026
• Determinants of immune recovery and survival in HIV late presenters: a retrospective cohort study from Southwest China · AIDS Research and Therapy · 2026

Related topics in Medicine