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Open research questions in Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications

123 gap statements mined from Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 479 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Future research should focus on the distinct components of IVIG and their roles in CAL in patients with KD, particularly the contributions of different immunoactive components, to provide novel insights into the optimization of KD treatment. A single external validation also provides limited evidence for generalizability.

    Predicting coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease in China using a machine-learning algorithm: a retrospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • The underlying mechanism of severe hypertension, heart failure, and glomerular injury in Kawasaki disease is not fully understood. The role of endothelial dysfunction in the development of cardiovascular sequelae is not well established.

    A triad of hypertension, heart failure, and glomerular injury in subacute Kawasaki disease: a case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • Anchoring bias and diagnostic momentum can lead to delayed diagnosis. Incomplete KD often lacks classic clinical features, making diagnosis challenging. Coronary complications can occur if diagnosis is delayed.

    Incomplete Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms in an infant presenting with persistent fever despite pneumonia treatment · 2026 · DOI

  • Incomplete KD is often misdiagnosed in infants due to lack of classic clinical features. There is a need for increased awareness and education on the diagnosis and treatment of incomplete KD.

    Incomplete Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms in an infant presenting with persistent fever despite pneumonia treatment · 2026 · DOI

  • The disease involves coordinated perturbation of innate and adaptive immune pathways. The overlap with viral or bacterial infections makes it challenging to understand KD biology. The study had to address the gap in understanding the long noncoding RNA context of the interferon-myeloid imbalance in KD.

    Long Noncoding RNA Associations Define an Interferon-Myeloid Immune Axis in Kawasaki Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The review notes that there is a lack of specific biomarkers for Kawasaki disease. The study highlights the need for further research on the role of platelets in Kawasaki disease. The review identifies a gap in the understanding of the association between platelet hyperreactivity and coronary complications.

    Plaquetas, de parámetro de laboratorio a protagonista en la enfermedad de Kawasaki: revisión de alcance · 2026 · DOI

  • Regarding the relationship between peripheral blood cell parameters and CALs, the existing literature reports associations with elevated WBC and PLT counts, though consensus remains elusive.

    Electrocardiographic Alterations Combined with Hematological, Biochemical, and Metabolic Profiles Predict Prognosis in Kawasaki Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The underlying molecular mechanisms of vascular inflammation in KD remain unclear. The role of heme oxygenase-1 in mononuclear phagocyte inflammation in KD is not well understood.

    Heme oxygenase-1 activation in mononuclear phagocytes in acute Kawasaki disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Except for a few studies on fat patterning of children with KD conducted at our center, recognized for its extensive cohort of KD patients, there is complete lack of auxological information on Indian children with KD. These findings contribute to the limited literature on long-term developmental outcomes in KD, particularly from Indian populations, and highlight the need for larger longitudinal studies.

    Auxological and pubertal outcomes of children with Kawasaki disease: Experience from Chandigarh, India · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies may validate the study's model in larger and more diverse cohorts. Future studies may explore the use of other biomarkers or machine learning algorithms to improve the diagnosis of KFD. Future studies may investigate the clinical utility of the study's model in real-world settings.

    Development and validation of a cytokine-based diagnostic model for Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease · 2026 · DOI

  • It has not been verified by in vitro cell experiments or in vivo animal experiments, and cannot confirm the direct regulatory effects of RAP2C, DPM2, and DDX59 on mitochondrial dynamics and CD8+ T cell infiltration. However, a systematic investigation into the role of MD-related genes in KD remains lacking.

    Bioinformatics identification of mitochondrial dynamics-related potential biomarkers in kawasaki disease and prediction of potential regulatory correlations · 2026 · DOI

  • The clinical reports on ruxolitinib combined with corticosteroids for the treatment of KD-associated MAS remain limited. The diagnosis of KD-associated MAS is clinically challenging due to overlapping clinical and laboratory features with severe KD.

    Ruxolitinib combined with corticosteroids for the successful treatment of kawasaki disease-associated macrophage activation syndrome: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • Although case reports have described retropharyngeal edema (RPE) on contrast-enhanced neck computed tomography (CT) in NFKD, its prevalence and diagnostic value remain unclear.

    Incidence and Clinical Significance of Retropharyngeal Edema in Node-first Presentation of Kawasaki Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of nationwide population-based studies on the characteristics of febrile seizure associated with Kawasaki disease. The incidence and seasonal distribution of KD-FS are not well understood.

    Febrile seizure during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease: a Korean nationwide cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • This study has several important limitations that should be acknowledged when interpreting its findings. Therefore, the absence of IVUS and OCT examinations constitutes an important limitation of the present case report.

    Giant left main coronary artery aneurysm in a young adult female with suspected incomplete Kawasaki disease: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The hepatic vascular-biliary unit injury hypothesis provides an integrated pathogenic framework linking the core vasculitic process to cholangiocyte dysfunction and bile acid metabolism disturbances, though causality remains to be established through experimental validation.

    Hepatobiliary involvement in Kawasaki disease: from cholestatic hepatitis to the hepatic vascular-biliary unit hypothesis—a state-of-the-art review · 2026 · DOI

  • The case report is limited to a single patient. The literature review may not be exhaustive. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease can be challenging, especially in children with burns.

    Kawasaki disease following a pediatric scald burn: a case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness of the potential for Kawasaki disease to occur in children with burns. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease can be challenging, especially in children with burns. There is a need for increased awareness and education on Kawasaki disease in this context.

    Kawasaki disease following a pediatric scald burn: a case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • Although the etiopathogenesis of KD remains unknown, extensive and robust research is ongoing to identify biomarkers, including epigenetic markers, innate and adaptive immunity activation markers, cytokine profiles, and to explore the influence of external triggers and the gut microbiome–immunity interplay.

    Kawasaki Disease: Contemporary Clinical Approaches and Challenges · 2026 · DOI

  • The hypoxia pathway has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) characterized by inflammation and vascular remodeling, such as atherosclerosis, but its involvement in Kawasaki disease (KD) remains unknown.

    Activation of HIF2 in Cardiac Vasculature Leads to Arterial Remodeling, Dilation, Thrombosis, and Inflammation, Recapitulating Cardiac Involvement in Kawasaki Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The clinical significance of sodium content in IVIG formulations remains unclear. Previous studies did not consider the impact of sodium content on electrolyte changes and clinical outcomes.

    Association between sodium content of intravenous immunoglobulin and electrolyte changes and clinical course of Kawasaki disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The relationship between pulmonary complications, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) remains to be further elucidated.

    Kawasaki disease shock syndrome with pulmonary involvement in a child: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a relatively small sample size. The analysis was limited to a single-site cohort. The study did not investigate the functional role of the identified lncRNAs.

    Long Noncoding RNA Associations Define an Interferon-Myeloid Immune Axis in Kawasaki Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The review notes that the quality of the included studies was predominantly moderate. The study by Straface et al. had a small sample size and limited demographic information. The study by Jin et al. had a short follow-up period and limited characterization of microparticles.

    Plaquetas, de parámetro de laboratorio a protagonista en la enfermedad de Kawasaki: revisión de alcance · 2026 · DOI

  • MIS-C is a rare disease of recent onset, - Current studies lack long-term follow-up, - Heterogeneity of the study design and sample size, - No statistical analysis was carried out on the data…

    Cardiovascular abnormalities in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19 · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The underlying mechanism of severe hypertension, heart failure, and glomerular injury in Kawasaki disease is not fully understood (“A triad of hypertension, heart failure, and glomerular injury in subacute…”, 2026); (2) Incomplete KD is often misdiagnosed in infants due to lack of classic clinical features (“Incomplete Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms in an infant…”, 2026); (3) The review notes that there is a lack of specific biomarkers for Kawasaki disease (“Plaquetas, de parámetro de laboratorio a protagonista en la enfermedad de…”, 2026); (4) Regarding the relationship between peripheral blood cell parameters and CALs, the existing literature reports associations with elevated WBC and PLT counts, though consensus remains elusive (“Electrocardiographic Alterations Combined with Hematological, Biochemical, and…”, 2026); (5) The underlying molecular mechanisms of vascular inflammation in KD remain unclear (“Heme oxygenase-1 activation in mononuclear phagocytes in acute Kawasaki disease”, 2026). 123 gap statements have been mined from Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 479 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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