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Open research questions in Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications

51 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 157 Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The disease involves coordinated perturbation of innate and adaptive immune pathways. The overlap with viral or bacterial infections makes it challenging to understand KD biology. The study had to address the gap in understanding the long noncoding RNA context of the interferon-myeloid imbalance in KD.

    Long Noncoding RNA Associations Define an Interferon-Myeloid Immune Axis in Kawasaki Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Causality remains unproven and requires validation in conditional endothelial-specific animal models. Current therapeutic evidence for moderate-to-severe cholestasis derives exclusively from retrospective cohorts and case series. The study requires prospective validation in diverse populations.

    Hepatobiliary involvement in Kawasaki disease: from cholestatic hepatitis to the hepatic vascular-biliary unit hypothesis—a state-of-the-art review · 2026 · DOI

  • Validation of the hepatic vascular-biliary unit injury hypothesis in conditional endothelial-specific animal models. Prospective studies to establish temporal precedence of microvascular changes relative to biochemical cholestasis. Investigation of the effects of cytokine blockade on cholangiocyte transporter dysfunction.

    Hepatobiliary involvement in Kawasaki disease: from cholestatic hepatitis to the hepatic vascular-biliary unit hypothesis—a state-of-the-art review · 2026 · DOI

  • The case report is limited to a single patient. The literature review may not be exhaustive. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease can be challenging, especially in children with burns.

    Kawasaki disease following a pediatric scald burn: a case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness of the potential for Kawasaki disease to occur in children with burns. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease can be challenging, especially in children with burns. There is a need for increased awareness and education on Kawasaki disease in this context.

    Kawasaki disease following a pediatric scald burn: a case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the transcriptional status of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is a complex task. The study requires the use of induced pluripotent stem cells and bulk RNA-sequencing. The study needs to compare its results to public KD single-cell datasets.

    Preliminary transcriptome profiling of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in Kawasaki disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The unpredictable nature of complex Kawasaki disease phenotypes is not well understood - The need for comprehensive vascular imaging and lifelong follow-up is not well established

    Giant coronary aneurysm and bivalvular insufficiency in severe Kawasaki disease: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • However, long-term follow-up data are limited, particularly from low- and middle-income countries.

    Long-term Cardiovascular and Psychological Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Prospective Observational Study (COPE MIS-C study) · 2026 · DOI

  • Importance Kawasaki disease is a leading cause of acquired heart disease among children in high-income countries, but potential associations between fertility treatments and Kawasaki disease remain unknown, despite both becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.

    Fertility Treatments and the Risk of Kawasaki Disease Among Offspring · 2026 · DOI

  • The etiology of Kawasaki disease remains unclear. The underlying immune mechanisms of Kawasaki disease are not well understood. There is a need for new approaches to investigate the transcriptional status of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

    Preliminary transcriptome profiling of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in Kawasaki disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The underlying mechanism of severe hypertension, heart failure, and glomerular injury in Kawasaki disease is not fully understood. The role of endothelial dysfunction in the development of cardiovascular sequelae is not well established.

    A triad of hypertension, heart failure, and glomerular injury in subacute Kawasaki disease: a case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • Anchoring bias and diagnostic momentum can lead to delayed diagnosis. Incomplete KD often lacks classic clinical features, making diagnosis challenging. Coronary complications can occur if diagnosis is delayed.

    Incomplete Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms in an infant presenting with persistent fever despite pneumonia treatment · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to improve diagnosis and treatment of incomplete KD in infants. Research is needed to develop more effective diagnostic algorithms and treatment strategies.

    Incomplete Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms in an infant presenting with persistent fever despite pneumonia treatment · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of IVIG-induced AIHA in larger populations. Research on the optimal management and treatment of IVIG-induced AIHA is necessary.

    Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Following Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Kawasaki Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for increased awareness and recognition of AIHA as a potential complication of IVIG therapy in KD. The exact mechanism and risk factors of IVIG-induced AIHA require further study.

    Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Following Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Kawasaki Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a relatively small sample size. The analysis was limited to a single-site cohort. The study did not investigate the functional role of the identified lncRNAs.

    Long Noncoding RNA Associations Define an Interferon-Myeloid Immune Axis in Kawasaki Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The review notes that the quality of the included studies was predominantly moderate. The study by Straface et al. had a small sample size and limited demographic information. The study by Jin et al. had a short follow-up period and limited characterization of microparticles.

    Plaquetas, de parámetro de laboratorio a protagonista en la enfermedad de Kawasaki: revisión de alcance · 2026 · DOI

  • The review notes that there is a lack of specific biomarkers for Kawasaki disease. The study highlights the need for further research on the role of platelets in Kawasaki disease. The review identifies a gap in the understanding of the association between platelet hyperreactivity and coronary complications.

    Plaquetas, de parámetro de laboratorio a protagonista en la enfermedad de Kawasaki: revisión de alcance · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a predictive model for long-term coronary artery lesion risk in Kawasaki disease patients. Previous studies have not identified a comprehensive set of risk factors for coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease patients.

    A predictive model for long-term coronary artery lesion risk in Kawasaki disease · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for an objective molecular test for Kawasaki disease diagnosis. The current clinical diagnosis of Kawasaki disease is subjective and may lead to delayed recognition and treatment.

    Validation of a 2-Gene Blood Test for Kawasaki Disease in Febrile Children · 2026 · DOI

  • The underlying molecular mechanisms of vascular inflammation in KD remain unclear. The role of heme oxygenase-1 in mononuclear phagocyte inflammation in KD is not well understood.

    Heme oxygenase-1 activation in mononuclear phagocytes in acute Kawasaki disease · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of data regarding auxological and pubertal outcomes in children with KD, particularly from developing countries. There is a complete lack of auxological information on Indian children with KD.

    Auxological and pubertal outcomes of children with Kawasaki disease: Experience from Chandigarh, India · 2026 · DOI

  • Diagnosing Kawasaki disease in children at the extremes of ages is challenging due to atypical and incomplete presentation. There is a need for increased awareness of Kawasaki disease in young infants.

    Case Report: Complete Kawasaki disease in a 2-month-old infant without coronary involvement · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies may validate the study's model in larger and more diverse cohorts. Future studies may explore the use of other biomarkers or machine learning algorithms to improve the diagnosis of KFD. Future studies may investigate the clinical utility of the study's model in real-world settings.

    Development and validation of a cytokine-based diagnostic model for Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Experimental validation of the identified biomarkers. Further research on the pathogenesis of KD. Exploration of potential therapeutic targets for KD.

    Bioinformatics identification of mitochondrial dynamics-related potential biomarkers in kawasaki disease and prediction of potential regulatory correlations · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications

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51 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 157 Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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