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Open research questions in Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments

139 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 567 Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The paper identifies technical challenges, including the risk of infections after CAR T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies. The review highlights domain challenges, including the need for effective preventive measures and the importance of understanding risk factors for infections. The paper notes the challenge of balancing the benefits of T-cell–redirecting therapies with the risks of infectious toxicities.

    Infectious toxicities associated with bispecific antibodies and CAR-T Cells in multiple myeloma: a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • No randomized head-to-head comparison of CAR-T products has been published, - Studies were predominantly early-phase and non-comparative, - Real-world analyses may be subject to biases and limitations, - Small sample sizes and limited interpretability in some studies, - Variability in patient characteristics, study design, and infection definitions

    Infectious toxicities associated with bispecific antibodies and CAR-T Cells in multiple myeloma: a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying aberrant glycolysis in MM may help identify actionable metabolic vulnerabilities, - investigating the role of NSDHL in other types of cancer, - exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting the NSDHL/c-Myc/PKM2 axis

    The NSDHL/c-Myc/PKM2 Axis Drives Glycolytic Reprogramming and Tumor Growth in Multiple Myeloma · 2026 · DOI

  • Lack of understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying aberrant glycolysis in multiple myeloma. Limited knowledge of the functional significance and metabolic role of NSDHL in multiple myeloma. Need for identification of novel therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma.

    The NSDHL/c-Myc/PKM2 Axis Drives Glycolytic Reprogramming and Tumor Growth in Multiple Myeloma · 2026 · DOI

  • The removal of circulating sFLCs by extracorporeal means is a complex process, and the optimal approach is not well established. The use of plasma exchange and hemodialysis strategies can be associated with significant technical challenges, including albumin leakage and the need for replacement. The treatment of patients with multiple myeloma and renal impairment requires a multidisciplinary approach, and the coordination of care can be a significant challenge.

    Extracorporeal Free-Light-Chain Removal in Myeloma Cast Nephropathy: Plasma Exchange and Hemodialysis Strategies in the Era of Effective Antimyeloma Therapy · 2026 · DOI

  • Small sample sizes in some studies, - Limited randomized comparisons against conventional dialysis, - The patient subsets in which a time-limited enhanced-removal strategy might still be tested are proposed as hypotheses for prospective trials, without validated thresholds

    Extracorporeal Free-Light-Chain Removal in Myeloma Cast Nephropathy: Plasma Exchange and Hemodialysis Strategies in the Era of Effective Antimyeloma Therapy · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in treating ICI-associated TM, - Research on the pathogenic mechanism of ICI-induced immune dysfunction is necessary

    Case Report: Observational use of mycophenolate mofetil in probable steroid-unresponsive immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated transverse myelitis · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective treatment strategies for steroid-unresponsive ICI-associated TM. The need for second-line treatment options for patients who do not respond to initial treatment. The complexity of diagnosing and treating ICI-associated TM.

    Case Report: Observational use of mycophenolate mofetil in probable steroid-unresponsive immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated transverse myelitis · 2026 · DOI

  • One challenge is the potential for toxicity with teclistamab, including cytokine release syndrome and infections. Another challenge is the need for longer follow-up to determine the durability of responses with teclistamab.

    Teclistamab versus lenalidomide-dexamethasone in high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 2 trial · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of studies comparing teclistamab with lenalidomide-dexamethasone in HR-SMM. Prior studies have focused on the efficacy of teclistamab in relapsed multiple myeloma, with limited data on its use in HR-SMM.

    Teclistamab versus lenalidomide-dexamethasone in high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 2 trial · 2026 · DOI

  • The bone marrow (BM) tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes cell survival and drug resistance in marrow-restricted MM, but little is known about the TME in EMD.

    Spatial transcriptomics identifies a suppressive, T-cell–excluded tumor microenvironment in extramedullary myeloma · 2026 · DOI

  • Individuals of African ancestry (AA) have approximately twofold higher risk of multiple myeloma (MM) than individuals of European ancestry, yet the molecular determinants between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and MM remain poorly defined.

    Germline Genomic and DNA Methylation Differences Between MGUS and Multiple Myeloma Among Patients of African Ancestry · 2026 · DOI

  • A comprehensive global analysis of MM based on diverse geographic locations and timeframes is lacking.

    Global, regional, and national multiple myeloma burden from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 · 2025 · DOI

  • 2; 95% CI) in 2008–2015 and has not yet been determined in the 2016–2022 cohort (p = 0.

    Evolution of Survival in Patients with Multiple Myeloma over Two Decades: A Real-World Experience from a Medium-Level Hospital · 2025 · DOI

  • Further investigation of these genes and their roles in the context of lenalidomide’s immunomodulatory effects could lead to improved risk stratification and personalized treatment strategies for MM patients.

    Transcriptomic Signatures of Early Mortality in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Immunomodulatory RVD Therapy 4758 · 2025 · DOI

  • Current risk stratification models have limitations, including poor specificity and interclassification discordance. Artificial intelligence and digital twins are emerging technologies, and their application in multiple myeloma is still in its early stages. The integration of multimodal data can be challenging, and there is a need for more standardized approaches.

    Shaping the future of multiple myeloma with artificial intelligence and digital twins: from concept to clinic · 2026 · DOI

  • Current risk stratification models have limitations, and there is a need for more precise identification of high-risk patients. The integration of multimodal data can help address these gaps. Artificial intelligence and digital twins can help improve decision-making and optimize outcomes.

    Shaping the future of multiple myeloma with artificial intelligence and digital twins: from concept to clinic · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not report any specific limitations. However, it can be inferred that the study may be limited by the use of a single cell line and the lack of in vivo experiments.

    Integrative omics analysis suggests a prognostic role and potential mechanisms of miro1 in multiple myeloma · 2026 · DOI

  • The specific function of Miro1 in tumour lipid metabolism has not been clarified. The mechanisms of Miro1 in multiple myeloma are not well understood. There is a need for further research into the role of Miro1 in multiple myeloma.

    Integrative omics analysis suggests a prognostic role and potential mechanisms of miro1 in multiple myeloma · 2026 · DOI

  • To validate the model on independent cohorts and in different clinical settings. To explore the application of the model to other diseases and patient populations. To develop new methods for integrating multiple modalities and predicting residual overall survival.

    Dynamic multimodal survival prediction in multiple myeloma integrating gene expression, longitudinal laboratories, and treatment history · 2026 · DOI

  • Current staging systems assign patients to fixed categories at diagnosis and discard temporal information. Computational approaches have limitations in incorporating longitudinal biomarker dynamics and treatment context. There is a need for dynamic prognostic stratification in multiple myeloma.

    Dynamic multimodal survival prediction in multiple myeloma integrating gene expression, longitudinal laboratories, and treatment history · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research directions aim at achieving durable remissions and potential cure - The development of novel therapeutic agents, including monoclonal antibodies and CAR T-cell therapies, is an area of ongoing research

    ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA: A MOLECULAR AND THERAPEUTIC UPDATE · 2026 · DOI

  • High-risk cytogenetic subgroups continue to pose therapeutic challenges - The development of targeted therapeutic agents is needed to improve treatment outcomes for these subgroups

    ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA: A MOLECULAR AND THERAPEUTIC UPDATE · 2026 · DOI

  • High-risk chromosomal abnormalities are associated with inferior treatment outcomes. Maintaining long-term remission after autologous stem cell transplantation in high-risk patients remains challenging. Treatment switching may be beneficial, but its effectiveness is unclear.

    Clinical Practice of Treatment Switch in Transplant-eligible Patients with Multiple Myeloma: An Exploratory Retrospective Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The prognostic benefits of pre-transplant induction therapy switches in transplant-eligible patients with multiple myeloma are unclear. There is a need to investigate the effectiveness of treatment switching in this patient population.

    Clinical Practice of Treatment Switch in Transplant-eligible Patients with Multiple Myeloma: An Exploratory Retrospective Analysis · 2026 · DOI

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139 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 567 Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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