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Open research questions in Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments

38 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 420 Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a powerful prognostic tool in multiple myeloma, but predictors of achieving MRD negativity after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are not well defined.

    Predictors of post-transplant measurable residual disease negativity and impact on clinical outcomes in multiple myeloma · 2026 · DOI

  • Summary Deletion (13q)/monosomy 13 (del[13q]/−13) is common in multiple myeloma (MM), but its independent prognostic value remains unclear, particularly in patients treated with modern therapy and upfront autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT).

    Prognostic impact of monosomy 13 and deletion of 13q in multiple myeloma patients undergoing upfront autologous transplantation · 2026 · DOI

  • Plasmapheresis or plasma exchange (either one referred to here as PLEX) have been used to accelerate free light chain (FLC) removal, despite inconsistent evidence of clinical benefit.

    Plasma exchange in myeloma-associated acute kidney injury: A multicenter propensity-matched cohort study. · 2026 · DOI

  • Conclusions: Taken together, our findings highlight coordinated changes in immune regulation, RNA processing and ribosome biogenesis during MM progression and identify candidate proteins and their networks, including the emerging pharmacologically tractable target NCL and the underexplored IMP3 of potential therapeutic relevance, opening new avenues for further investigation.

    Integrated Proteomic and Network Analysis Reveals Dysregulated Pathways and Candidate Proteins in Multiple Myeloma Progression · 2026 · DOI

  • The evidence base for outpatient BsAb step-up dosing remains incomplete. Current practice is still shaped primarily by product labels, single-arm safety reports, expert consensus, infection rec- ommendations, and limited institutional implementation reports rather than prospective comparative trials. The absence of validated outpatient eligibility criteria is a major gap (7–11, 14, 15, 19, 20). Several uncertainties require prospective study. First, the field needs product-specific and resource-stratified evidence rather than pooled outpatient claims across different BsAbs. Second, patient- selection models should incorporate measurable disease biology, immune reserve, frailty, and social determinants of safe care. Third, the CRS-infection overlap requires pragmatic algorithms that mini- mize both delayed antibiotics and delayed CRS-directed therapy. Fourth, remote monitoring should be tested against clinically mean- ingful outcomes such as time to escalation, unplanned admission, safety, patient burden, and equity. Fifth, the impact of prolonged BsAb exposure on immune architecture, infection risk, vaccination response, and T-cell exhaustion requires longer follow-up. Future nursing research should evaluate whether standardized teach-back, caregiver certification, wallet cards, after-hours scripts, ED handoff templates, and prospective quality datasets reduce failure events. Importantly, outpatient initiation should not be judged successful only by reduced hospital days. It should be judged by safe toxicity recognition, timely intervention, preserved treatment continuity, patient and caregiver confidence, and equi- table access across geography and health systems.

    Outpatient step-up dosing of bispecific antibodies in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: an oncology nursing framework for monitoring and supportive care · 2026 · DOI

  • The mechanisms by which Miro1 modulates phospholipid metabolism in multiple myeloma require further detailed investigation beyond the omics-based predictions.

    Integrative omics analysis suggests a prognostic role and potential mechanisms of miro1 in multiple myeloma · 2026 · DOI

  • generalisability of current AI models rely heavily on the quantity and quality of data aggregated across multiple institutions. Most models generate probabilistic inferences, requiring prospective validation of their efficacy in diverse patient cohorts that reflect real-world demographic, racial and socioeconomic variation. To date, there is no universally accepted framework to evaluate the accuracy and clinical applicability of these models. The rapid expansion of new therapies and combinations, including triplet and quadruplet regimens further highlights the importance of longitudinal data integration (64, 65). As AI models rely on pre-existing datasets, they can only recommend treatments included in their training data, which currently lack regimens incorporating the newer immune based therapies.

    Shaping the future of multiple myeloma with artificial intelligence and digital twins: from concept to clinic · 2026 · DOI

  • Previous research primarily utilized sequencing and flow cytometry to investigate relapse mechanisms, but the influence of bone marrow (BM) spatial organization remains underexplored.

    Bone Marrow Spatial Signatures Predict Survival Outcomes and Toxicities after CAR-T Therapy in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma · 2024 · DOI

  • We found that traditional risk scores like KPS and HCT-CI were not associated with occurrence of DLTEs and severe toxicities whereas SMM and FI emerged as possible novel predictors of post-ASCT toxicity that need to be further explored in future studies.

    Factors Associated with Post-Transplant Complications Among Older Adults with Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation · 2024 · DOI

  • On reviewing 178 ameloblastoma cases, they determined that growths with poorly defined edges were more than twice as likely to recur following conservative surgery relative to ameloblastomas with clear boundaries.

    Prognostic and proliferative evaluation of ameloblastoma based on radiographic boundary · 2012 · DOI

  • These findings support further investigation of combined metabolic and immune modulation as a rational therapeutic strat- egy for MM.

    Single-cell and functional profiling identifies an IL6-centered immunometabolic communication circuit in multiple myeloma · 2026 · DOI

  • Outcomes continue to improve across treatment eras, although follow-up in the most recent cohort is limited and long-term survival remains incompletely characterized.

    Evolution of Real-World Front-Line Treatment Patterns in Multiple Myeloma · 2026 · DOI

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38 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 420 Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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