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Open research questions in Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome

58 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 176 Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • There is a need for awareness of herpes simplex keratitis simulating peripheral ulcerative keratitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There is a need for early detection and effective antiviral medications to reduce visual morbidity.

    An unusual case report of herpes simplex keratitis simulating peripheral ulcerative keratitis in rheumatoid arthritis · 2026 · DOI

  • The heterogeneous nature of uveitis makes treatment challenging. The need for new and effective treatments to improve visual outcomes. The potential for irreversible vision loss.

    Emerging therapeutic targets in non-infectious uveitis and scleritis · 2026 · DOI

  • Currently available targeted and effective therapeutic options for NIU and NIS remain limited. There is a need for new and effective treatments to improve visual outcomes.

    Emerging therapeutic targets in non-infectious uveitis and scleritis · 2026 · DOI

  • The rarity of bilateral ARPE makes it challenging to diagnose and monitor. The lack of understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of ARPE makes it challenging to develop effective treatments.

    Bilateral Acute Retinal Pigment Epitheliitis Diagnosed and Monitored Using Multimodal Imaging: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • The chronic, relapsing nature of vitiligo. The significant psychosocial burden of the disease. The need for more sustainable long-term strategies for disease control.

    Making the case for azathioprine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine in active vitiligo management · 2026 · DOI

  • Accurate diagnosis of ARPE can be challenging due to its similarity to other conditions. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of ARPE remain unknown. Effective treatment of ARPE is necessary to improve visual acuity and prevent complications.

    ARPE – acute retinal pigment epitheliitis as a rare inflammatory disorder of the retina · 2026 · DOI

  • The heterogeneous clinical spectrum of Behçet disease. The lack of longitudinal data. The limited understanding of the psychological burden of Behçet disease.

    Psychological Burden in Behçet Disease: A Narrative Review Across Mucocutaneous, Articular, and Ocular Manifestations · 2026 · DOI

  • The rare and eye-limited nature of PIC makes it challenging to study. The development of CNV is a major sight-threatening complication of PIC. The management of PIC is challenging due to its unpredictable course.

    Incidence of bilateral disease and choroidal neovascularisation in punctate inner choroiditis · 2026 · DOI

  • Progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. Limited treatment options. Need for further research into anti-inflammatory strategies.

    Intravitreal Adalimumab in Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Prospective Pilot Study Assessing Ocular Safety and Feasibility · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of sequential intravitreal corticosteroid therapy in treating bilateral uveitic CME refractory to anti-VEGF therapy. Research should focus on the optimal treatment protocol and the long-term outcomes of the treatment.

    Sequential Intravitreal Corticosteroid Rescue Including Ozurdex After Anti-VEGF Failure in Bilateral Uveitic Cystoid Macular Edema With Asymmetric Relapse · 2026 · DOI

  • The limited understanding of the effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy in inflammation-driven macular edema. The need for alternative treatment options for patients with bilateral uveitic CME refractory to anti-VEGF therapy.

    Sequential Intravitreal Corticosteroid Rescue Including Ozurdex After Anti-VEGF Failure in Bilateral Uveitic Cystoid Macular Edema With Asymmetric Relapse · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of broadly applicable treatments for retinitis pigmentosa. Most patients still lack access to effective treatments. There is a need for further research into anti-inflammatory strategies for inherited retinal degeneration.

    Intravitreal Adalimumab in Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Prospective Pilot Study Assessing Ocular Safety and Feasibility · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of ARPE. There is a need for further studies to refine the diagnostic criteria and clarify the clinical boundaries of ARPE.

    Bilateral Acute Retinal Pigment Epitheliitis Diagnosed and Monitored Using Multimodal Imaging: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • The current treatment paradigm for vitiligo favors corticosteroids, but this approach has limitations. There is a need for more sustainable long-term strategies for disease control.

    Making the case for azathioprine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine in active vitiligo management · 2026 · DOI

  • The etiology of uveitis is multifactorial, and the role of HPV infection is not well understood. There is a need for studies investigating the association between HPV infection and the risk of uveitis.

    Human papillomavirus infection and the risk of uveitis: a propensity-score-matched electronic health record study · 2026 · DOI

  • The results do not establish a clinically specific or causal relationship, and further studies incorporating clinically validated uveitis phenotypes are warranted to clarify this association. Also, causality cannot be inferred from this study, and further prospective and mechanistic investigations are warranted to clarify the underlying relationship. Further prospective and mechanistic studies are warranted to investigate the causal link, explore strain-specific effects, and determine whether HPV vaccination or antiviral treatments could offer protection against uveitis.

    Human papillomavirus infection and the risk of uveitis: a propensity-score-matched electronic health record study · 2026 · DOI

  • The exact etiology and pathogenesis of ARPE remain unknown. There is a need for further research on the associations between ARPE and various factors, including viral infections and immune system dysregulation.

    ARPE – acute retinal pigment epitheliitis as a rare inflammatory disorder of the retina · 2026 · DOI

  • The reviewed studies show substantial variation in the prevalence of ocular symptoms. Limitations of many analyses included small sample sizes, lack of control groups, and retrospective study design. The discrepancy in the prevalence of ocular symptoms likely results from methodological differences.

    Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic and narrative literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • The review highlights the need for further prospective studies to elucidate underlying mechanisms, prevalence, and long-term consequences. The study emphasizes the importance of considering ocular symptoms in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. The review highlights the need for ophthalmologic vigilance in patients with COVID-19.

    Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic and narrative literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a limited sample size. The achieved power (1-β) was 0.98 for PIV and 0.77 for SII at a significance level of 0.05.

    Diagnostic and Potentially Prognostic Value of Novel Inflammatory Indices in Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy · 2026 · DOI

  • The pathogenesis of NAION remains incompletely understood. The predictive value of inflammatory markers in NAION is not well established.

    Diagnostic and Potentially Prognostic Value of Novel Inflammatory Indices in Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy · 2026 · DOI

  • There are limited reports describing a similar combination of presumed HZO-associated facial necrotizing fasciitis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in advanced HIV. The importance of early microbiological confirmation and aggressive multidisciplinary management in severely immunocompromised patients is not well emphasized.

    Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia complicating presumed herpes zoster ophthalmicus in advanced HIV: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The difficulty in achieving definitive diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis due to the low sensitivity of culture and PCR from aqueous or vitreous humor. The importance of considering presumed ocular tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of uveitis of uncertain etiology.

    Presumed Bilateral Ocular Tuberculosis in a Young Patient - Diagnostic Approach and Follow-Up: Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is likewise included, although its pathophysiology remains debated, particularly regarding whether the primary target is the choriocapillaris or the photoreceptors.

    From white dot syndromes to primary inflammatory choriocapillaropathies (PICCPs): updating and expanding the spectrum through multimodal imaging · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should prioritize prospective and multicenter studies. Studies should use clearer diagnostic and phenotypic characterization, standardized psychiatric and quality-of-life measures. Research should investigate the impact of mucocutaneous, articular, and ocular manifestations on patients' psychological well-being.

    Psychological Burden in Behçet Disease: A Narrative Review Across Mucocutaneous, Articular, and Ocular Manifestations · 2026 · DOI

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58 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 176 Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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