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Open research questions in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

86 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 2,475 Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Its etiology remains unknown, with an incidence of 3% of all bone tumors. Initial biopsy was inconclusive and failed to establish a definitive diagnosis.

    Massive Mandibular Fibrous Dysplasia Mimicking Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor Radiologically: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • As a single case report, this study cannot repre- sent the full range of clinical presentations of FCOD. In addition, the follow-up period was limited to six months. Careful documentation and reporting of additional cases with longer follow-up are required to support evidence-based diagnostic and manage- ment protocols for FCOD and similar fibro-osseous lesions. CONCLUSION FCOD can be challenging to diagnose when re- lying solely on clinical findings, as these lesions are often asymptomatic and may occasionally mimic pulpo-periapical pathology. In the present case, CBCT contributed to a more detailed assessment of the multifocal mandibular lesions, while the discre- pancy between the clinical and radiographic fin- dings was resolved through histopathological exa- integrated diagnostic approach, mination. An combining clinical examination, advanced imaging, and histopathological assessment when indicated, is Romanian JouRnal of Stomatology – Volume 72, no. 2, 2026 200 essential for establishing an accurate diagnosis and avoiding unnecessary or inappropriate treatment.

    Incidental diagnosis of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The multimodal classification results demonstrate dataset suitability for multimodal frameworks, but the relatively modest performance gains over single-modality CBCT classifiers suggest opportunities for improved fusion methodologies.

    Dental Odontogenic Lesion CBCT and Histopathology Integrated Dataset for Benchmarking Deep Learning Algorithms · 2026 · DOI

  • The GFF method requires paired CBCT-H&E features during training but only CBCT features during inference, creating a training-inference mismatch that may limit clinical applicability and generalization.

    Dental Odontogenic Lesion CBCT and Histopathology Integrated Dataset for Benchmarking Deep Learning Algorithms · 2026 · DOI

  • No existing paired CBCT-H&E dataset or method exists for odontogenic lesions, necessitating the development of new algorithms for multimodal classification.

    Dental Odontogenic Lesion CBCT and Histopathology Integrated Dataset for Benchmarking Deep Learning Algorithms · 2026 · DOI

  • CTNNB1 mutations also occur in other ghost-cell-containing tumours, including calcifying odontogenic cysts, dentinogenic ghost cell tumours and odontogenic carcinoma with dentinoid, but the link between CTNNB1 mutations and ghost cell formation in these lesions remains unclear.

    The molecular basis of odontogenic cysts and tumours · 2023 · DOI

  • Though AOT has been rarely reported extending into the mandibular ramus, a maxillofacial surgeon should be more circumspect of this pathology while dealing with benign swellings of the mandibular posterior region.

    Two sides of a coin · 2022 · DOI

  • At the radiopraghic evaluation, it was possible to observe a radiolucent unilocular cystic tumor lesion, well delimited by a radiopaque, asymptomatic, intraosseous image in the region of the mandible right angle, extending from the left first pre molar to the left third molar, with the later included in a mesioangular position.

    Decompression and enucleation of a large dentigerous cyst in the mandible angle – a case report · 2021 · DOI

  • The fourth edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumours summarizes changes in odontogenic and maxillofacial tumours and reintroduces a chapter on odontogenic cysts that reclassifies calcifying odontogenic cystic tumours as calcifying odontogenic cysts based on lack of evidence to substantiate them as true neoplasms.

    Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst: Reappraisal and Case Report · 2021 · DOI

  • To the best of our knowledge, the simultaneous occurrence of ameloblastoma and OKC of the jaws, as contralateral lesions, has not been previously reported.

    A case report of synchronous ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst of the mandible · 2020 · DOI

  • Posterior open bite (POB) is one of the most severe malocclusions that can impair patients' masticatory functions, yet it is also a condition that is poorly understood and not well studied.

    <p>Review of Etiology of Posterior Open Bite: Is There a Possible Genetic Cause?</p> · 2020 · DOI

  • CONCLUSION: A large number of cases were recorded, which led us to a path of interrogation through which the reason for increased incidence was extracted, and it was agreed that though the pathogenesis remains the same in every individual, routine health checkups and early diagnosis may reduce the incidence and aggressiveness of pathologies, respectively, which was lacking at the rural area.

    Incidence and distribution of jaw pathologies among 0–15 years age group at a tertiary rural health-care center of Maharashtra: A retrospective study of 10 years · 2020 · DOI

  • Abstract Patients presenting with swelling arising from the floor of the mouth (FOM) should be examined prudently, with the aid of appropriate diagnostic modalities such as ultrasonography, ultrasound guided aspirational biopsy, CT with contrast or MRI.

    “Sublingual Lipoma: A report of a challenging diagnosis<i>”</i> · 2019 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: A link between progressive dental malocclusion, the use of a continuous positive airway pressure mask and GH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma (acromegaly) has not been previously reported.

    GH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma (acromegaly) associated with progressive dental malocclusion and refractory CPAP treatment · 2017 · DOI

  • As demographic information is lacking in Iran and specially in Isfahan, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts according to age, gender and affected area among patients referring to the Oral Pathology Department of the Dental School of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) over a 23-year period.

    Demographic distribution of odontogenic cysts in Isfahan (Iran) over a 23-year period (1988-2010) · 2013 · DOI

  • The process by which keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOT) develop is poorly understood, but evidence suggests that KCOT cells receive important cues from the stromal cells that surround the tumor.

    Identification of the involvement of LOXL4 in generation of keratocystic odontogenic tumors by RNA-Seq analysis · 2013 · DOI

  • A large number of epithelial molecules have been studied in order to differentiate odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) from OOC, but stromal factors have not been adequately studied.

    Evaluation of stromal myofibroblasts expression in keratocystic odontogenic tumor and orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts: A comparative study · 2013 · DOI

  • The search was restricted to published articles from 1970 to 2010, as the histological features were not clearly defined until 1st edition of WHO histological classification of odontogenic tumors of 1971, search parameter was also set to select literatures under English language only.

    A Review of Literature on Ameloblastoma in Children and Adolescents and a Rare Case Report of Ameloblastoma in a 3-Year-Old Child · 2012 · DOI

  • Abstract: Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a relatively common gingival growth of a reactive rather than neoplastic nature whose pathogenesis remains uncertain.

    Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma - a case report · 2010 · DOI

  • Though the etiology of POF remains unknown, some investigators consider it an inflammatory or reactive process, while others suggest it is a neoplastic process.

    Multicentric peripheral ossifying fibroma · 2006 · DOI

  • Despite the large number of reported cases of PGCG, clarification of some clinical features is required, and may help formulation and interpretation of future laboratory-based research into this poorly understood lesion.

    Peripheral giant cell granuloma: a clinical study of 77 cases from 62 patients, and literature review · 1995 · DOI

  • This definition requires unequivocal evidence of a cyst developing in an area wherc a tooth would normally be and which has nevcr been this requirement is often impossible to fulfil, and i t appears this difficulty is rcflected in the extremely low incidence of primordial cysts reported until recent times.

    Odontogenic cysts. A review and a clinicopathological study of 368 odontogenic cysts · 1973 · DOI

  • While our case represents a unique regional presentation within Hail, providing essential data to the oral surgery and pathology literature in Saudi Arabia, conclusions regarding its definitive long-term behavior remain limited by a short tracking period.

    Oral Focal Mucinosis in a Patient From Hail, Saudi Arabia: A Case Report of a Rare Gingival Lesion · 2026 · DOI

  • Histopathological features of the resected specimen may harbor predictive value, yet their systematic correlation with surgical outcomes is poorly defined in Indian tertiary-care populations.

    Histopathological Determinants of Recurrence in Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors: Implications for Surgical Decision-Making: A Retrospective Cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Hence, careful evaluation of all factors contributing to spacing, including the possibility of hidden calci- fied masses, is warranted even in cases of obvious periodontitis.

    Diagnostic challenges in odontoma-induced pathological migration in periodontitis patient – a case report with 4-year post-operative outcome · 2026 · DOI

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86 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 2,475 Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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