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Open research questions in Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes

59 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 209 Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Ensuring donor safety remains the foremost ethical and clinical priority in LDLT programs. Limited resources and a maturing healthcare infrastructure pose challenges to developing liver transplant programs. Donor mortality, although rare, remains a critical concern.

    Living donor hepatectomy in a developing transplant system: Early results and one-year outcomes from Nepal · 2026 · DOI

  • The complexity of liver volume estimation. The variability of liver volume among individuals. The need for accurate SLV estimation in clinical practice.

    Age-range–matched external validation of standard liver volume equations: Methodological re-evaluation of 13 regression models · 2026 · DOI

  • Severe hemodynamic instability during hepatectomy and inferior vena cava clamping. Complex hemodynamic and respiratory interactions in Budd-Chiari syndrome. The need for multidisciplinary perioperative planning.

    Managing High-Risk Liver Transplantation: A Case of Budd-Chiari Syndrome With Preemptive Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) · 2026 · DOI

  • High mortality rate in ALF patients. Limited understanding of the effectiveness of extracorporeal therapies in ALF management. Need for larger, randomized controlled trials to confirm the findings of this study.

    Standard-Volume Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Followed by High-Dose Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients With Hepatitis A Virus-Related Acute Liver Failure · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of 3D bioprinted hepatic grafts that can survive, integrate, and provide functional support after implantation. The need for a clear definition of the intended use of 3D bioprinted hepatic grafts.

    3D bioprinting in liver transplantation: from organ replacement to transplantable functional support · 2026 · DOI

  • Vascular complications are a major concern in pediatric liver transplant patients. Children are particularly vulnerable to thrombosis due to their immature coagulation system. The lack of a standardized protocol for thromboprophylaxis makes it challenging to prevent thrombotic events.

    Heparin continuous infusion for thromboprophylaxis in pediatric liver transplant recipients · 2026 · DOI

  • One limitation of our study was the modest sample size, which resulted in insufficient power to exclude moderate dif- ferences in regeneration between the groups. While the study is limited by the lack of portal hemodynamic data and a short follow-up period, its findings provide valuable population-spe- cific insights into LDLT physiology.

    Assessment of liver regeneration in living donor liver transplantation recipients using computed tomography volumetry-an institutional experience · 2026 · DOI

  • The persistent mismatch between organ supply and demand remains a major global challenge. Concerns regarding graft dysfunction and early mortality with the use of extended criteria donors.

    Outcomes of liver transplantation using extended criteria brain-dead donors: a retrospective study with initial experiences from a Vietnamese center · 2026 · DOI

  • The scarcity of deceased donor organs limits liver transplantation worldwide. There is a need to evaluate the clinical outcomes of liver transplantation using extended criteria brain-dead donors.

    Outcomes of liver transplantation using extended criteria brain-dead donors: a retrospective study with initial experiences from a Vietnamese center · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the prevalence and management of ABS after LDLT. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the prevalence of ABS and analyzing the outcomes of endoscopic interventions.

    Endoscopic management of post-living donor liver transplant anastomotic biliary strictures: A quaternary care transplant center experience · 2026 · DOI

  • The high incidence of cardiac arrest during liver transplantation. The need to reassess current peri-operative strategies for liver transplantation. The unique risks associated with liver transplantation.

    Peri-operative cardiac arrest guidelines: time to include liver transplantation · 2026 · DOI

  • The 2023 ESAIC guideline does not currently include liver transplantation within its scope. The high incidence of cardiac arrest during liver transplantation is not adequately addressed by current guidelines.

    Peri-operative cardiac arrest guidelines: time to include liver transplantation · 2026 · DOI

  • This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using SRTR data. The study included less than one year of waitlist registry data for evaluating MELD 3.0. Further analyses will be needed to determine causality.

    Sex-based survival disparities persist in liver transplantation: MELD 3.0 fails to improve survival for waitlisted women · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of empirical data evaluating the efficacy of MELD 3.0. Sex-based survival disparities in liver transplantation are not well understood.

    Sex-based survival disparities persist in liver transplantation: MELD 3.0 fails to improve survival for waitlisted women · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not provide a clear limitation, but it can be inferred that the study's findings may be limited to the Korean context. The study's use of an integrative review method may also be a limitation, as it relies on existing research rather than primary data.

    Adaptation of living donors after liver transplantation in South Korea: an integrative review · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the long-term effects of liver transplantation on living donors. Future research should also examine the cultural and social factors that influence the adaptation process of living donors in South Korea.

    Adaptation of living donors after liver transplantation in South Korea: an integrative review · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only analyzed 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The study did not investigate the impact of other factors on rejection outcomes. The study did not provide a clear explanation for the lack of association between donor-specific antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection.

    Impact of donor-specific antibodies on immune rejection rates in liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate the association between MELD scores and in-hospital mortality, LOS, and number of comorbidities in a real-world setting. Prior studies have focused on the prognostic value of the MELD score in specific patient populations.

    Letter to the Editor: Splitting the risk: Interpretable machine learning enters the era of split liver transplantation · 2026 · DOI

  • The risk of cardiac injury during liver core needle biopsy is not well-documented. There is a need for increased awareness and caution among procurement teams to minimize avoidable donor organ loss.

    Donor heart injury caused by liver needle biopsy during multi-organ procurement surgery: A case report · 2026 · DOI

  • Many published AI models are retrospective in design and may not perform well when applied to external populations. Retrospective analyses are vulnerable to selection bias, missing data, and limited prospective validation. AI tools may offer only modest or uncertain benefit over traditional clinical scoring systems in real-world practice.

    From prediction to practice: artificial intelligence as an enabling layer in liver transplant care – reflections on ILTS 2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on the development of prospective studies to validate the use of AI in liver transplantation. The use of reinforcement learning to iteratively refine dynamic allocation algorithms should be further explored. The development of more accurate and generalizable AI models is also a direction for future research.

    From prediction to practice: artificial intelligence as an enabling layer in liver transplant care – reflections on ILTS 2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of comprehensive analyses of living liver donor outcomes from low-and middle-income countries. There is a need to ensure donor safety in developing liver transplant programs.

    Living donor hepatectomy in a developing transplant system: Early results and one-year outcomes from Nepal · 2026 · DOI

  • The study suggests that future research should incorporate dynamic postoperative variables. The study suggests that future research should clarify the underlying biological mechanisms.

    Letter to the Editor: Early complications in split liver transplantation: An interpretable machine learning model requires multicenter validation · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a need for multicenter validation of the results. The study identifies a need for incorporating dynamic postoperative variables.

    Letter to the Editor: Early complications in split liver transplantation: An interpretable machine learning model requires multicenter validation · 2026 · DOI

  • Dedicated prediction tools for hypoxic hepatitis are lacking. There is a need for a model that can predict severe postoperative aminotransferase elevation compatible with hypoxic hepatitis.

    Development and internal validation of a prediction model for hypoxic hepatitis after coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass · 2026 · DOI

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59 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 209 Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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