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Open research questions in Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments

43 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 351 Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • ABSTRACT Introduction Risks of kidney failure among prior living kidney donors (LKDs) are low, but an updated analysis of the impact of donor allocation priority on waiting times accounting for allocation changes and race has not been documented.

    Keeping Our Promise: Expedited Allocation for Prior Living Kidney Donors and Trends in Waiting Times According to Race · 2026 · DOI

  • Daratumumab, antibody targeting the transmembrane glycoprotein CD38 on immune cells, has shown promise in the treatment of refractory ABMR in adult solid organ transplantation, however paediatric data are scarce.

    Treatment response to daratumumab in antibody-mediated kidney allograft rejection (ABMR): evidence from serial protocol biopsies · 2026 · DOI

  • BackgroundDiagnostic interpretation of kidney allograft biopsies using the Banff classification remains variable, but the determinants of this variability are not fully defined.

    Drivers of Diagnostic Variation in a Digital Global Kidney Transplant Reader Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Instead, individual non-HLA antibodies should be investigated through targeted mechanistic and clinical studies to clarify their specific roles in transplant outcomes.

    Understanding the role of non-HLA antibodies in kidney transplantation: a literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • Management of acute diarrhea in post kidney transplant recipients should not be delayed, because it may lead to significant rise in tacrolimus trough level, with it is consequence effect on graft survival. Acknowledgments: None Funding: This research received no specific grant from any public, commercial, or not-for-profit funding agency. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. 52 ©2024 Kordofan Journal Medical & Health sciences. https://www.kujms.org Email: [email protected] KJMHS 2026; Vol. 3 (Issue 2) Online ISSN: 3027-5601 Manuscript ID: KUJMS-V.3.I.2.05 Author’s Contributions: Conception/design: Both authors. Provision of study material/patients, Data Collection and/or assembly of data: Ahmed Elnour Ali Omer. Data analysis and interpretation: Both authors. Manuscript writing: MYH Final Approval of manuscript: Both authors. Data Availability Statement: The data underlying this article will be shared upon request to the corresponding author.

    <b>The Effect of Acute Diarrhea on Tacrolimus</b> <b>Trough</b><b> Level </b><b>Among Post Kidney Transplant Recipients at IBn Sina </b><b>Hospital-Khartom-Sudan: A </b><b>cross sectional study.</b><b></b> · 2026 · DOI

  • Intestinal transplantation (ITx) and multivisceral transplantation (MvTx) remain life-saving options for patients with intestinal or abdominal failure when other treatments have been exhausted, but their broader use is limited by a challenging postoperative course driven primarily by infection and rejection.

    Chirurgie, Fysiologie En Immunologie Verbinden Om De Complexiteit Van Darmtransplantatie Te Ontrafelen · 2026

  • The 59-item Revised Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress scale (MTSOSD-59R) captures patients' symptom experience but has not been validated in Brazil.

    Validation of the modified transplant symptom occurrence and symptom distress scale and exploring symptom burden in Brazilian kidney transplant recipients · 2026 · DOI

  • Small number of subjects was the major limitation, not enough for Cox regression analysis. An inconsistent diagnostic criterion of PTDM is another limitation of the present study. We could not collect fasting samples in these patients early after transplantation, as well as in the later stages. We did not perform pre-transplant OGTT that might have helped the confirmation, as some patients were not willing to undergo OGTT. HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were performed in few post-transplant samples. Comparing these levels with pre-transplant samples would have helped in predicting PTDM. Finally, there were many overlapping post-transplant factors affecting the development of PTDM, and with small sample size it was difficult to reach a definite conclusion.

    Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus: Complications, Causatives in Renal Transplant Recipients — Single Center Study · 2026 · DOI

  • relationships due unpredictability of the waiting process. and Research demonstrates that relevant proportions of patients on transplant waiting lists experience clinically significant depression and anxiety (Table 1). Depression, in particular, is associated with decreased survival rates after transplantation [9, 12, 30, 31, 32]. Furthermore, pre-transplant psychological distress predicts post- transplant non-adherence and inferior clinical outcomes [33, 34]. POST-TRANSPLANTATION PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES Receiving an organ transplant does not resolve the underlying psychological distress but transforms it. Post-transplant patients face unique challenges, which may include: Transplant International | Published by Frontiers 2 May 2026 | Volume 39 | Article 15605 Mega et al.

    The Critical Role of Mental Health Specialists in Organ Transplantation Teams: An ELPAT Position Statement · 2026 · DOI

  • lower rATG dosing in this population remain unclear. , defined as not The main limitation of this study is that the two ITT rATG dose groups were compared in a retrospective non-randomized fashion (rather than in a prospective randomized trial), as well as the presence of limited statistical power to detect small-to- moderate differences (with only 42 patients in the three-dose ITT rATG group and 50 patients in the single-dose ITT rATG Frontiers in Pediatrics 13 frontiersin.

    Retrospective comparison of two distinct dual-induction strategies in pediatric kidney transplantation: three doses vs. a single dose of rabbit antithymocyte globulin, each combined with two basiliximab doses · 2026 · DOI

  • those reflecting altered cellular Several limitations should be acknowledged. Whole blood was selected as the sampling matrix to avoid artefacts introduced by cell separation; however, this approach cannot distinguish gene expression changes driven by altered cell composition from function. Although differential expression was observed specifically at the time of BCAR, suggesting biological robustness, cell-type–specific effects and compositional shifts warrant further investigation using complementary approaches. Our new studies will therefore employ single-cell methods to disentangle cell-specific and compositional effects.

    Bioinformatics strategies and biomarker refinement using high-throughput transcriptome data in transplantation · 2026 · DOI

  • The biological characteristics of stem cells, inclu­ding multi-row differentiation, self-guidance, paracrine effects, immunomodulation, ability to suppress the immune response against graft, have opened new horizons for their use in kidney transplantation, but according to different studies, the safety and effectiveness of stem cells clinical use remain controversial.

    The opportunity of stem cells application in kidney transplantation: clinical studies (review) · 2021 · DOI

  • Summary Despite recent studies showing that serum Cystatin C (CysC) is a better marker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than the ubiquitously used creatinine, the clinical utility of these findings remains to be evaluated.

    Serum Cystatin C in Patients with Delayed Graft Function · 2016 · DOI

  • The efficacy of antiviral treatment in BKVN could not be evaluated since it was only applied in patients non-responding to lowered immunosuppressive therapy and had decreased renal functions.

    BK Virus Infections in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients · 2013 · DOI

  • Future studies are recommended to evaluate knowledge levels separately before and after education and to repeat measurements at different time points with larger sample groups.

    Determination of Pre-Discharge Learning Needs of Patients Undergoing Kidney Transplantation · 2026 · DOI

  • However, findings across studies remain inconsistent due to heterogeneity in detection methods, lack of standardized thresholds for positivity, and variability in patient populations.

    Understanding the role of non-HLA antibodies in kidney transplantation: a literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • In this highly complex scenario, unfortunately, there are few certainties, and they are limited to a few studies, often involving a small number of patients.

    Onco-nephrology in kidney transplant recipients: challenges and evolving strategies · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite these accomplishments, the ability to promptly identify kidney allograft pathology for these therapies has been limited by the reliance on kidney biopsy as the gold-standard diagnostic modality, which is invasive.

    Promising non-invasive biomarkers for kidney allograft monitoring: a mini review · 2026 · DOI

  • Given the limited evidence available for this age group, our results contribute valuable information to the literature, although validation in independent cohorts is necessary. Nonetheless, information on the length of hospital stay after pediatric kidney transplantation remains scarce.

    Perioperative severe hemorrhage in pediatric kidney transplantation: frequency, risk factors, and outcomes · 2026 · DOI

  • In response to the recent propensity score-matched study by Chukwu et al , complementary considerations are provided that address two underrecognized dimensions: Cumulative immunological burden and the downstream interaction between induction strategies and maintenance immunosuppression.

    Letter to the Editor: Induction therapy as a long-term commitment: Lessons from comparative outcomes of alemtuzumab and basiliximab · 2026 · DOI

  • We identified early molecular patterns that may shed light on pathogenic mechanisms and could be explored in future studies as potential targets for intervention or monitoring in histologically quiescent grafts.

    Early molecular patterns linked to subsequent graft dysfunction in kidney allografts with histologically normal surveillance biopsies · 2026 · DOI

  • Deep neural networks require massive training sets, and poor-quality training data from EMRs (noisy data, missing values, irregular visits) will reduce overall model quality.

    Application of machine learning in the research progress of post-kidney transplant rejection · 2026 · DOI

  • AIM: Data on the use of novel anticoagulant drugs (NOACc) in renal transplant recipients is scarce.

    Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Cohort Study · 2020 · DOI

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43 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 351 Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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