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Open research questions in Respiratory Support and Mechanisms

723 gap statements mined from Respiratory Support and Mechanisms papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,357 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

Choosing where to publish on Respiratory Support and Mechanisms? See the ranked Medicine journals.

What the literature leaves open

  • The study highlights the need to consider weaning association alongside outcome classification, treatment duration, and resource use.

    Interpreting weaning success and ventilation duration in PRiVENT · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for further research on the effect of disease severity, baseline mortality risk, and treatment background on the mortality effect. The paper highlights the importance of considering inflammatory phenotypes in the treatment of ARDS.

    Efficacy and safety of sivelestat in sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: an updated meta-analysis based on disease severity and treatment strategy subgroups · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for cardiologists to develop a broader skill set, including expertise in non-invasive ventilation. The paper identifies the importance of understanding the hemodynamic effects of positive airway pressure therapy in cardiovascular disease. The gap in knowledge regarding the impact of positive airway pressure on ventricular function in both acute and chronic conditions needs to be addressed.

    Hemodynamic Effects of Positive Airway Pressure: A Cardiologist’s Overview · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on identifying optimal sedation strategies and developing a consensus for best practice.

    Sedation practices in adult patients with severe ARDS on extracorporeal respiratory support using VV ECMO – An international survey · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on risk stratifying pediatric patient populations which may benefit from routine chest radiography.

    Routine daily chest radiographs in mechanically ventilated children: necessary surveillance · 2026 · DOI

  • IMPACT: This study addresses limited evidence on ICU nurses' ventilator weaning competencies in resource-limited settings.

    Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Mechanical Ventilator Weaning and Associated Factors in Resource‐Limited Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia · 2026 · DOI

  • How high-frequency (HF) superimposition and component titration modify these effects remains incompletely characterized.

    Airway stenosis alters the balance between tidal volume, air entrainment, and oxygen-source delivery during normal frequency and superimposed jet ventilation: a bench model study · 2026 · DOI

  • Further in vivo studies in human subjects are warranted to validate these findings.

    Modified use of the Triflo II® incentive spirometer and its effects on feedback ball elevation, selective closure of air inlets, and inspiratory flow and pressure: A bench study · 2026 · DOI

  • Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is a stress-responsive transcriptional regulator that orchestrates cytoprotective heat shock protein (HSP) expression in response to diverse stresses, including thermal and oxidative stress, but its role in stretch-induced AEC injury remains unclear.

    Heat shock transcription factor 1 acts as an endogenous protective mechanism in mechanically stretched alveolar epithelial cells · 2026 · DOI

  • Multiple biomarkers noted under negative-pressure ventilation are lacking from positive-pressure counterparts, albeit for small-scale species considerations.

    Fibrotic and emphysematous murine lung mechanics under negative-pressure ventilation · 2025 · DOI

  • Acute Lung Injury (ALI) causes the highly lethal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults, for which therapy is lacking.

    Yes-associated protein induces age-dependent inflammatory signaling in the pulmonary endothelium · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the contributions of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 to ALI/ARDS are unclear, and the contributions of all the TGF isoforms to vascular repair after ALI/ARDS are not well characterized.

    Regulation of inflammatory lung injury and repair by transforming growth factors · 2025 · DOI

  • A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) regulates leukocyte trafficking by cleaving adhesion molecules such as VE-cadherin and JAM-A, but its role in neutrophil-driven lung injury remains unclear.

    Neutrophil ADAM10 promotes migration and inflammation in ARDS by modulating adhesion and chemokine signaling · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite the common practice of initiating NIV later in the progression of DMD, the factors influencing FVC subsequent to the commencement of NIV remain unclear.

    Factors associated with lower forced vital capacity in children and adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy using non-invasive ventilation: a multicenter analysis · 2025 · DOI

  • Proning during ECMO remains to be discussed until further data is available from prospective, randomized trials implementing individualized PEEP titration during proning.

    Mechanical ventilation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support – New trends and continuing challenges · 2024 · DOI

  • Despite advancements in critical care, effective pharmacological interventions for ARDS remain elusive.

    Deciphering the therapeutic potential of Myeloid-Specific JAK2 inhibition in acute respiratory distress syndrome · 2024 · DOI

  • While Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitors have emerged as an innovative treatment for numerous autoinflammatory diseases, their therapeutic potential in ARDS remains unexplored.

    Deciphering the therapeutic potential of Myeloid-Specific JAK2 inhibition in acute respiratory distress syndrome · 2024 · DOI

  • Yet, it remains uncertain whether the trauma population might derive advantages from a more conservative approach to supplemental oxygen.

    Hyperoxaemia in acute trauma is common and associated with a longer hospital stay: a multicentre retrospective cohort study · 2024 · DOI

  • Limited evidence exists regarding children receiving home healthcare devices (HHDs).

    Children with medical complexity receiving home healthcare devices in Japan: a retrospective cohort study · 2024 · DOI

  • The ability of ventilatory ratio to reflect changes in alveolar ventilation when respiratory mechanics are modified remains unknown. The study aims to address this gap by evaluating the relationship between ventilatory ratio and alveolar ventilation in patients with ARDS.

    Physiological dissociation between ventilatory ratio and ventilatory efficiency in patients with ARDS · 2026 · DOI

  • The influence of innovative inspiratory pressure relief accessories on continuous positive airway pressure profiles has been evaluated in laboratory bench settings, but clinical validation of these devices across diverse patient anatomies and sleep stages during actual treatment is needed.

    Safety principles of lowering inspiratory pressure · 2026 · DOI

  • IntroductionOptimal sedation strategies for patients with respiratory failure requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) are not well defined.

    Sedation practices in adult patients with severe ARDS on extracorporeal respiratory support using VV ECMO – An international survey · 2026 · DOI

  • Collect NE, IL-6/IL-8, CRP/ PCT, and organ-function measures at baseline, - Prespecify high- and low-inflammatory subphenotypes, - Formally test treatment-by-phenotype…

    Efficacy and safety of sivelestat in sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: an updated meta-analysis based on disease severity and treatment strategy subgroups · 2026 · DOI

  • These results support further research into therapeutics to restore the integrity of the epithelial glycocalyx in ARDS.

    Alveolar epithelial glycocalyx degradation is associated with impaired lung mechanics, lung injury severity, and clinical outcomes in ARDS · 2026 · DOI

  • We highlight gaps in understanding TGF isoform-specific roles in ALI/ARDS and outline directions for future research in the field of TGF-dependent regulation of inflammatory lung injury and vascular repair.

    Regulation of inflammatory lung injury and repair by transforming growth factors · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Respiratory Support and Mechanisms

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a need for further research on the effect of disease severity, baseline mortality risk, and treatment background on the mortality effect (“Efficacy and safety of sivelestat in sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress…”, 2026); (2) Future research should focus on identifying optimal sedation strategies and developing a consensus for best practice (“Sedation practices in adult patients with severe ARDS on extracorporeal…”, 2026); (3) Future research should focus on risk stratifying pediatric patient populations which may benefit from routine chest radiography (“Routine daily chest radiographs in mechanically ventilated children: necessary…”, 2026); (4) How high-frequency (HF) superimposition and component titration modify these effects remains incompletely characterized (“Airway stenosis alters the balance between tidal volume, air entrainment, and…”, 2026); (5) Further in vivo studies in human subjects are warranted to validate these findings (“Modified use of the Triflo II® incentive spirometer and its effects on feedback…”, 2026). 723 gap statements have been mined from Respiratory Support and Mechanisms papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,357 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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