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Open research questions in Retinal Diseases and Treatments

938 gap statements mined from Retinal Diseases and Treatments papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 5,006 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • There is a lack of studies investigating the clinical correlation between diabetic macular edema and diabetic nephropathy in the Mexican population. The study aims to fill this gap by providing new insights into the relationship between the two conditions.

    Correlación clínica entre el edema macular diabético y la nefropatía diabética en la población mexicana · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of early and accurate predictors for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients. The need for a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the predictive value of UACR and eGFR for VTDR.

    Diagnostic value of urinary albumin creatinine ratio in predicting vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and Meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had to consider the differences in genetic background and environment among the patients. The mechanism by which the rs1617640 SNP confers susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy is not entirely clear and needs to be explored.

    The erythropoietin gene polymorphism (rs1617640) is associated with retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients · 2026 · DOI

  • The mechanism by which the rs1617640 SNP in the EPO gene confers susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy is not entirely clear. The role of the EPO gene polymorphism in diabetic retinopathy is not well understood, especially in Caucasians.

    The erythropoietin gene polymorphism (rs1617640) is associated with retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies technical challenges in analyzing metabolomic data, including the need for quality metrics and retention time filtering. It notes the challenge of interpreting mechanistic relationships between metabolites and DR. The study also faces the challenge of validating its findings, given the mixed results of prior studies on acylcarnitine levels in DR.

    Exploring metabolomic clues in diabetic retinopathy: a pilot study · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited understanding of type 4 macular neovascularization's prevalence and characteristics. Lack of studies focusing on type 4 MNV in age-related macular degeneration.

    Type 4 macular neovascularization in a consecutive age-related macular degeneration cohort: detected prevalence and multimodal imaging findings · 2026 · DOI

  • The relationship between RBP4 and diabetic retinopathy is not well understood. Prior studies have not fully evaluated the interaction between RBP4 and age at onset. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the association between RBP4 and diabetic retinopathy.

    Age at type 2 diabetes onset, retinol binding protein 4 and risks of diabetic retinopathy: a real-world cross-sectional study · 2026 · DOI

  • The expression and function of CEACAM1 in the eye is not well understood. There is a lack of studies investigating the role of CEACAM1 in retinal and choroidal morphology and transcriptome.

    Deletion of CEACAM1 does not affect retinal and choroidal morphology or transcriptome · 2026 · DOI

  • Prior work has focused on the affected eye, but the healthy fellow eye has not been thoroughly studied.

    Evidence of an aging-like foveal profile in healthy fellow eyes of patients with idiopathic macular hole · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to evaluate the effect of a shorter switching interval from intravitreal dexamethasone implant to intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant on clinical outcomes in diabetic macular edema.

    A Shorter Switching Interval from Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant to Intravitreal Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant Improves Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Macular Edema · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies challenges in developing new therapeutics for AMD, including the need to target the early forms of the disease. It also highlights the challenges in working with very high-molecular weight fucoidans, including the need for mild extraction and purification methods.

    Influence of a Very High-Molecular Weight Fucoidan from Laminaria hyperborea on Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Relevant Pathomechanisms in Ocular Cell Models · 2025 · DOI

  • One challenge is the need for frequent injections with current anti-VEGF agents. Another challenge is the complexity of molecular pathways involved in macular neovascularization. The paper identifies the challenge of achieving sustained disease control in AMD as a key area of research.

    Exploring Current Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration toward the Perspective of Long-Term Agents · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a need for effective and enduring disease control in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Current anti-VEGF agents have limitations, including the need for frequent injections. The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of molecular targets and pharmacological aspects of neovascular AMD treatment.

    Exploring Current Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration toward the Perspective of Long-Term Agents · 2024 · DOI

  • The clinical impact of long-term glycemic variability on diabetic retinopathy is not well understood. There is a need to investigate the association between long-term glycemic variability and diabetic retinopathy. The current study aims to address this gap.

    HbA1c variability as an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy: results from a screening program · 2026 · DOI

  • These findings suggest that scleral characteristics may represent a predisposing anatomical factor in PPS, although the precise pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

    Ciliochoroidal Effusion and Regional Scleral Thickening in Peripapillary Pachychoroid Syndrome · 2026 · DOI

  • While the role of REDD1 in diabetes complications in the retina has been well-explored, the potential contribution of REDD2 has not been previously examined.

    GSK3β promotes p53/Nrf2-dependent expression of the stress response protein REDD2 in retinal Müller glia exposed to hyperlipidemic conditions · 2026 · DOI

  • However, its effects on the development and pathological progression of fundus blood vessels in C57 mice remain unclear.

    Effects of body weight on ocular fundus blood vessels in C57 mice at different developmental and disease stages · 2026 · DOI

  • Current therapies primarily target late-stage symptoms and are limited by their frequent and invasive intravitreal (IVT) injections.

    Murine Biocompatibility Evaluation of an Albumin‐Derived Complex and Nanoparticle Delivery System for Ocular Applications · 2026 · DOI

  • It notes that prior studies have reported mixed findings regarding acylcarnitine levels in DR. The study aims to add to the evolving literature on metabolomic studies in DR.

    Exploring metabolomic clues in diabetic retinopathy: a pilot study · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of scan size on FAZ-related metrics in other retinal diseases, - Studies should examine the relationship between scan size and FAZ-related metrics in different populations, - Research should focus on developing methods to minimize the effect of scan size on FAZ-related…

    Impact of scan size on foveal avascular zone metrics measured by optical coherence tomography angiography · 2026 · DOI

  • The main chemical limitation is the absence of a sufficiently resolved profile linking constituent identity and abundance to the preparation tested in ARPE-19 cells, - Screening and reference-equivalent colorimetric measurements describe classes but cannot assign the biological response to an individual molecule, - Preparation differences are also important, - Phytochemical standardization, ocular exposure…

    Terminalia buceras (Syn. Bucida buceras) and Retinal Oxidative Stress: A Critical Review of Published Evidence and Its Relevance to Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration · 2026 · DOI

  • A minimum interpretable follow-up study would use a botanically authenticated material, a documented extraction procedure, and a reproducible chemical profile with quantitative markers, - Cytoprotection should be assessed across an extract concentration range, with matched vehicle and positive controls, - Confirmation in primary or iPSC-derived RPE with documented differentiation, junctional organization…

    Terminalia buceras (Syn. Bucida buceras) and Retinal Oxidative Stress: A Critical Review of Published Evidence and Its Relevance to Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigation of CC1 function in pathological conditions, such as neovascular eye diseases. Study of the role of CC1 in inflammatory signaling, endothelial dysfunction, and tissue remodeling under pathological conditions.

    Deletion of CEACAM1 does not affect retinal and choroidal morphology or transcriptome · 2026 · DOI

  • The study was a retrospective, multicenter, observational extension study, - The study had a limited follow-up duration, - The study excluded patients with certain conditions such as macular edema resulting from retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, postsurgical complications, inherited retinal dystrophies, or drug-induced…

    A Shorter Switching Interval from Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant to Intravitreal Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant Improves Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Macular Edema · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate the long-term effects of FucBB04, - Test the bioactivity of FucBB04 in vivo, - Investigate the effects of FucBB04 on other cell…

    Influence of a Very High-Molecular Weight Fucoidan from Laminaria hyperborea on Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Relevant Pathomechanisms in Ocular Cell Models · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Retinal Diseases and Treatments

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a lack of studies investigating the clinical correlation between diabetic macular edema and diabetic nephropathy in the Mexican population (“Correlación clínica entre el edema macular diabético y la nefropatía diabética…”, 2026); (2) The lack of early and accurate predictors for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients (“Diagnostic value of urinary albumin creatinine ratio in predicting…”, 2026); (3) The role of the EPO gene polymorphism in diabetic retinopathy is not well understood, especially in Caucasians (“The erythropoietin gene polymorphism (rs1617640) is associated with retinopathy…”, 2026); (4) Lack of studies focusing on type 4 MNV in age-related macular degeneration (“Type 4 macular neovascularization in a consecutive age-related macular…”, 2026); (5) The relationship between RBP4 and diabetic retinopathy is not well understood (“Age at type 2 diabetes onset, retinol binding protein 4 and risks of diabetic…”, 2026). 938 gap statements have been mined from Retinal Diseases and Treatments papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 5,006 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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