Open research questions in Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas
56 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 416 Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.
What the literature leaves open
Diagnostic uncertainty due to the rarity of LCH in the larynx. The need for histopathological evaluation to confirm the diagnosis. The potential for recurrence of the lesion.
Atypical Arytenoid Lesion Revealing Lobular Capillary Hemangioma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges · 2026 · DOIFurther studies are needed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of LCH in the larynx. Research is needed to develop more effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for LCH in the larynx.
Atypical Arytenoid Lesion Revealing Lobular Capillary Hemangioma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges · 2026 · DOIThe study is limited to a case series of two patients. The sample size is small, which may not be representative of the larger population. The study does not provide a comprehensive review of all possible treatment strategies for facial VVM.
Further studies are needed to characterize the clinical and pathological features of VVM in rare anatomical locations. Research should focus on developing effective treatment strategies for facial VVM, with minimal aesthetic damage. The study of VVM in rare anatomical locations may provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of this condition.
Existing research on interventions for peripheral arteriovenous malformations is controversial and lacks standardized criteria. There is a need for high-quality evidence-based guidance for clinicians.
Efficacy of interventions in peripheral arterial and venous malformations of the limbs in children: protocol for a systematic review · 2026 · DOIInfantile hemangioma can lead to significant morbidity. There is a need for effective and safe treatments. Surgical intervention can be associated with risks and complications.
Diagnosing VHL disease can be challenging due to its rarity and variable manifestations. Managing patients with VHL disease requires a multidisciplinary approach. There is a need for effective treatments for VHL-deficient RCC.
Case Report: Diagnosis and treatment report and literature review of 2 cases of VHL-deficient renal cell carcinoma · 2026 · DOIThe complexity of the diagnostic process. The limited economic accessibility of some diagnostic methods. The potential risks associated with some diagnostic methods.
More accurate diagnostic methods are less economically accessible. Some diagnostic methods, such as puncture biopsy, carry potential risks. The study has a limited number of patients, with 48 patients with vascular malformations.
Inclusion criteria were strictly limited to adult patients with a solitary mediastinal lymphangioma.
Heightened clinical awareness and standardized management of lymphangioma at atypical anatomical sites are warranted.
[Cystic lymphangioma of the penis in an adult: A case report]. · 2026The pathogenesis of MGS remains unclear but may be related to abnormal development of the mesoderm and incomplete closure of the blastopore (8). Whether this association is coincidental or reflects a shared developmental pathway warrants further investigation.
A substantial proportion of MGS patients may lack detectable vascular anomalies in the early stage, highlighting the clinical importance of ongoing assessment beyond initial imaging.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 51(1):89–97 Gyorgy B, Hung ME, Breakefield XO, Leonard JN (2015) Therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles: clinical promise and open questions.
Role of M1 macrophage-derived exosomes in infantile hemangioma regression via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α pathway · 2026 · DOIHypoglycemia remains the principal preventable hazard, necessitating caregiver education on feeding regimens and 'sick day' rules. Rebound growth is encountered in roughly one-fifth of cases. Systemic absorption of topical beta-blockers can be clinically relevant in very young infants or with extensive application.
The need for alternative treatment options for infantile haemangiomas. The need for further investigation into the efficacy and safety of propranolol and alternative beta-blockers.
The lack of universal guidelines or a standard formulation for liquid embolic agents is a gap. The need for significant operator expertise is a gap. The potential for serious side effects is a gap.
Retroperitoneal lymphangiomas are rarely encountered in adults. There is a lack of awareness about the importance of considering lymphangioma in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal cystic masses.
Retroperitoneal Lymphangioma in an Adult Presenting with Chronic Pain Abdomen: A Case Report · 2026 · DOIin emphasized imaging studies are useful that IJDDT, Volume 16 Issue 47s, 2026 Page: 5 0 7 Retroperitoneal Lymphangioma in an Adult Presenting with Chronic Pain Abdomen: A Case Report of for choice surgical excision was determining the anatomical extent of the lesion but are insufficient to establish a conclusive diagnosis without histopathological confirmation.
Retroperitoneal Lymphangioma in an Adult Presenting with Chronic Pain Abdomen: A Case Report · 2026 · DOIThere is a need for epidemiological analysis of hemangioma and linfangioma in Brazil. The study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the prevalence of these conditions in live births from 2019 to 2024.
Real-world data from the Middle East, particularly Iraq, are scarce. There is a need for studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of propranolol in this population.
Intracranial AFH in infants is exceedingly rare. Limited experience in treating very young infants poses significant clinical challenges.
Intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma in a 2-month-old infant: a rare case report · 2026 · DOIThe long-term effects of pulsed dye laser therapy on ocular complications and underlying vascular mechanisms remain undercharacterized. The current evidence is limited by substantial variability in study design, laser modality, treatment parameters, follow-up duration, and ophthalmologic outcome assessment.
Cutaneous laser treatment of port-wine stains and its impact on ocular manifestations in Sturge–Weber syndrome · 2026 · DOIThe study is a single case report. The long-term efficacy of cryotherapy in patients with tracheal stenosis needs to be validated with more studies and prospective trials.
Estenosis subglótica tardía tras resección de angioma infantil tratada mediante terapia endoscópica multimodal: reporte de caso · 2026 · DOIThere is a need for more studies to validate the long-term efficacy of cryotherapy in patients with tracheal stenosis. The current treatment options for subglottic stenosis have limitations, such as the risk of recurrence and the need for repeated interventions.
Estenosis subglótica tardía tras resección de angioma infantil tratada mediante terapia endoscópica multimodal: reporte de caso · 2026 · DOI
Most-cited papers in Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas
- Prospective Study of Infantile Hemangiomas: Clinical Characteristics Predicting Complications and Treatment · PEDIATRICS · 2006 · 469 citations
- Diagnosis and management of hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck · Oral Diseases · 2010 · 224 citations
- Propranolol for infantile haemangiomas: a review · Archives of Disease in Childhood · 2011 · 60 citations
- Prevalence of oral hemangioma, vascular malformation and varix in a Brazilian population · Brazilian Oral Research · 2007 · 60 citations
- Evidence-Based Management of Vascular Malformations · Facial Plastic Surgery · 2016 · 30 citations
- Management of Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformations · Facial Plastic Surgery · 2012 · 23 citations
- Anastomosing hemangioma with fatty changes of the genitourinary tract: a lesion mimicking angiomyolipoma · Editor-in-Chief s Voice List of Authors is an Important Element in a Scientific Publication · 2012 · 20 citations
- A 16-year retrospective study of vascular anomalies in the head and neck region · Head & Face Medicine · 2023 · 10 citations
- Examination of oral hemangiomas by intraoral ultrasonography · Oral Radiology · 2021 · 6 citations
- Forty-five-months follow-up of a minimally invasive, interdisciplinary treated hemangioma of the mandible with a high risk of severe bleeding – a case report · Head & Face Medicine · 2023 · 6 citations
Most recent work
- Diverse clinical course and features of verrucous venous malformation · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2026
- Case Report: Sturge-Weber syndrome with contralateral morning glory syndrome · Frontiers in Medicine · 2026
- Lymphatic Malformations With Activating KRAS Mutations Impair Lymphatic Valve Development Through Matrix Metalloproteinases · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · 2026
- Identification of pathological CD133+ endothelial cells in venous malformations · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · 2026
- Hemolymphangioma of the rectum: description of a case assessed with MRI and treated with a minimally invasive technique · Academic Medicine & Surgery · 2026
- Role of M1 macrophage-derived exosomes in infantile hemangioma regression via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α pathway · Molecular & Cellular Toxicology · 2026
- Therapies for Infantile Haemangiomas: Current Practice and Evolving Perspectives · Dermatology and Therapy · 2026
- A vékonybél mesenteriumában elhelyezkedő óriás lymphangioma · Orvosi Hetilap · 2026
- Antibody levels and immune memory in children with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma treated with sirolimus after catch up vaccination · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · 2026
- Atypical Arytenoid Lesion Revealing Lobular Capillary Hemangioma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges · Cureus · 2026
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