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Open research questions in Vasculitis and related conditions

398 gap statements mined from Vasculitis and related conditions papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,881 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The study faces challenges in interpreting the results due to the limited number of cases and the potential for bias in the included case reports. The paper notes that some clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and prognostic features seemed more frequent in patients with different LTRA types, Masi-Hamilos categories, steroid-tapering status, and ANCA positivity.

    Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Cases Associated with Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Use with a Focus on Drug Type, Temporal Drug–Disease Relationship, Steroid-Tapering Status, and Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Positivity: A Systemati · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the association between LTRA use and EGPA cases. The clinical features of LTRA-associated EGPA cases are not well characterized.

    Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Cases Associated with Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Use with a Focus on Drug Type, Temporal Drug–Disease Relationship, Steroid-Tapering Status, and Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Positivity: A Systemati · 2026 · DOI

  • The current evidence for infectious triggers of IgA vasculitis in children is limited. There is a need to distinguish epidemiological associations from incidental detection and infectious mimics. The immunopathogenic mechanisms of IgAV are not fully understood.

    Infectious triggers in IgA vasculitis in children: current evidence, causal attribution and immunopathogenic mechanisms · 2026 · DOI

  • The study was a cross-sectional cohort, and long-term progression to renal failure was not evaluated. The study did not investigate the effects of hUC-MSCs on other immune cells or pathways. The study used a limited number of patients and healthy controls. The study did not evaluate the optimal dosage and treatment duration of hUC-MSCs.

    hUC-MSCs regulating the balance of Th17/Treg in Henoch Schönlein purpura via STAT3 pathway · 2026 · DOI

  • One challenge is the heterogeneity in disease presentation, which makes it difficult to identify patients at high risk. Another challenge is the need for simple biomarkers that can facilitate early risk stratification. A technical challenge is the use of inverse probability weighting to adjust for baseline disease severity and treatment intensity.

    Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with clinical phenotypes and infection-related mortality in microscopic polyangiitis: the multicentre REVEAL cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • One of the challenges identified is the complexity of ANCA-associated vasculitides, which makes management challenging. Another challenge is the need for individualized treatment approaches, which requires a better understanding of the disease. The editorial also highlights the challenge of determining which biological signals meaningfully change clinical decisions and improve outcomes.

    Editorial: Comprehensive insights into ANCA vasculitis: from immunopathology to treatment strategies · 2026 · DOI

  • The authors address the concern of limited histopathological confirmation. The research highlights the challenge of differential diagnosis from idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.

    Muscle symptoms and MRI findings in newly diagnosed ANCA-associated vasculitis: implications for muscle-dominant ANCA-associated vasculitis · 2026 · DOI

  • The 2017 guideline-recommended gating strategy (RGS) for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing for ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) diagnosis has not been evaluated in Australia, and the optimal gating strategy remains unclear.

    A classification criteria-based gating strategy improves anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing performance characteristics for the diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis · 2026 · DOI

  • Reliable tools for monitoring disease activity in Takayasu arteritis (TAK) are lacking, and ultrasonography (US) may represent a valuable option.

    Definitions and online reliability assessment of elementary ultrasound lesions in Takayasu arteritis: a study from the OMERACT Ultrasound Working Group · 2026 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND/AIMS: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) causes significant morbidity from disease burden and treatment complications, yet Australian data on healthcare utilisation are lacking.

    Emergency department presentations and hospital admissions for patients with biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis in South Australia · 2026 · DOI

  • Although indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) has traditionally been the reference technique, its diagnostic value in contemporary real-world practice remains uncertain.

    ANCA testing in real-world clinical practice: diagnostic performance and predictive value in a Spanish cohort · 2026 · DOI

  • The Polymyalgia Rheumatica Activity Score (PMR-AS) is the best validated composite disease activity measure in PMR to date, but its reliability, measurement error and discriminative validity have not been studied.

    Measurement properties of the Polymyalgia Rheumatica Activity Score (PMR-AS): reliability, measurement error and discriminative validity · 2026 · DOI

  • Current guidelines lack specific recommendations for SGS management and evidence is limited.

    Clinical outcomes of subglottic stenosis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: results of an international multicentre observational study · 2026 · DOI

  • Most studies on renal outcomes in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) focus on GN; however, the prognosis of patients without clinically apparent kidney involvement is understudied.

    Renal outcomes in ANCA-associated vasculitis without clinically apparent kidney involvement: a multicentre REVEAL cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Real-world practice patterns of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) remain poorly defined.

    Current management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis across Europe: insights from a multinational expert survey · 2026 · DOI

  • Prior studies examining the malignancy risk in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) have reported conflicting results, with some indicating an increased risk within 6-12 months after diagnosis.

    Lifetime risk of malignancy in polymyalgia rheumatica: a population-based matched cohort study from southern Norway · 2026 · DOI

  • Although standard induction therapy includes cyclophosphamide or rituximab with glucocorticoids, the role of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in paediatric AAV remains uncertain.

    Therapeutic plasma exchange in paediatric ANCA-associated vasculitis: a multicentre real-world experience · 2026 · DOI

  • Rapid access strategy (RAS) clinics for individuals with suspected PMR may reduce GC initiation before rheumatological evaluation, but evidence is limited.

    Impact of a rapid access strategy on referral rates, diagnosis, and glucocorticoid initiation in suspected polymyalgia rheumatica · 2025 · DOI

  • While F-18 FDG PET/CT is well-established in large vessel vasculitis, its role in MVV remains unclear.

    Role of F-18 FDG-PET CT scan in the evaluation of medium vessel vasculitis · 2025 · DOI

  • The interplay of +RhF and +MPO antibodies and AAV in patients with RA+ANCA warrants further investigation.

    ANCA-associated vasculitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A single-center cohort study · 2025 · DOI

  • Prior studies demonstrated that vascular enhancement on cranial vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (vw-MRI) decreases with treatment of GCA, but whether enhancement increases during relapse is not well known.

    Longitudinal changes on cranial magnetic resonance imaging in relapsing giant cell arteritis · 2025 · DOI

  • Investigate the effects of hUC-MSCs on other immune cells or pathways in HSP. Evaluate the optimal dosage and treatment duration of hUC-MSCs in HSP patients. Examine the long-term efficacy and safety of hUC-MSCs treatment in HSP patients. Explore the potential of hUC-MSCs as a therapeutic strategy for other autoimmune diseases.

    hUC-MSCs regulating the balance of Th17/Treg in Henoch Schönlein purpura via STAT3 pathway · 2026 · DOI

  • Based on these promising findings, FDG PET/CT may progressively emerge as a biomarker of PAN-spectrum vasculitis, particularly when other tests are inconclusive.

    [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging in Polyarteritis Nodosa-spectrum vasculitis · 2026 · DOI

  • The role of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) remains scarcely studied.

    Patient-reported outcome measures in incident Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Changes after treatment initiation, short-term glucocorticoid discontinuation, and at one-year follow-up · 2026 · DOI

  • TAK is an important and underrecognized cause of ocular inflammation and ischemia in young patients.

    Ocular involvement in Takayasu arteritis – A case series from a tertiary eye center in South India · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Vasculitis and related conditions

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a lack of understanding of the association between LTRA use and EGPA cases (“Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Cases Associated with Leukotriene…”, 2026); (2) There is a need to distinguish epidemiological associations from incidental detection and infectious mimics (“Infectious triggers in IgA vasculitis in children: current evidence, causal…”, 2026); (3) The 2017 guideline-recommended gating strategy (RGS) for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing for ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) diagnosis has not been evaluated in Australia, and the optimal gating strategy remains unclear (“A classification criteria-based gating strategy improves anti-neutrophil…”, 2026); (4) The Polymyalgia Rheumatica Activity Score (PMR-AS) is the best validated composite disease activity measure in PMR to date, but its reliability, measurement error and discriminative validity have not been studied (“Measurement properties of the Polymyalgia Rheumatica Activity Score (PMR-AS):…”, 2026); (5) While F-18 FDG PET/CT is well-established in large vessel vasculitis, its role in MVV remains unclear (“Role of F-18 FDG-PET CT scan in the evaluation of medium vessel vasculitis”, 2025). 398 gap statements have been mined from Vasculitis and related conditions papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,881 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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