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Open research questions in Vasculitis and related conditions

103 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 355 Vasculitis and related conditions papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The limited efficacy of glucocorticoid therapy in severe abdominal HSP. The high relapse rate after withdrawal of glucocorticoid therapy. The lack of reported use of telitacicept in HSP.

    Addition of telitacicept to glucocorticoid reduces abdominal pain duration and relapse rate in children with severe abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a single-center retrospective matched cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is a single-center retrospective study - The sample size is limited to 74 patients - The study only included patients with biopsy-confirmed ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis - The study did not include a control group

    Histological grading of tertiary lymphoid structures correlates with renal impairment and adverse outcomes in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to validate the prognostic nomogram in larger cohorts - Research is needed to investigate the mechanisms by which tertiary lymphoid structures contribute to renal impairment - Studies should explore the potential therapeutic targets related to tertiary lymphoid structures in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis

    Histological grading of tertiary lymphoid structures correlates with renal impairment and adverse outcomes in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis · 2026 · DOI

  • further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of 18F-FDG-PET/MR in detecting pre-stenotic cTAK, - research on the long-term outcomes of children with pre-stenotic cTAK diagnosed using 18F-FDG-PET/MR

    FDG-PET/MR in paediatric pyrexia of unknown origin: early detection of Takayasu arteritis—a single-centre experience · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for effective detection of pre-stenotic Takayasu arteritis in children with pyrexia of unknown origin. Conventional angiographic imaging has limitations in detecting the disease in its early phase.

    FDG-PET/MR in paediatric pyrexia of unknown origin: early detection of Takayasu arteritis—a single-centre experience · 2026 · DOI

  • Considering the more vessels involved, more severe inflammation and higher mortality, aggressive treatment is warranted in infants.

    A retrospective study of infantile-onset Takayasu arteritis: experience from a tertiary referral center in China · 2024 · DOI

  • Objective: Takayasu artery (TAK) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the aorta and its major branches and is rarely reported in infants.

    A retrospective study of infantile-onset Takayasu arteritis: experience from a tertiary referral center in China · 2024 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peripheral neuropathy is a common manifestation of systemic and nonsystemic vasculitides; however, there is limited literature on vasculitic myopathy.

    Vasculitic Myopathy · 2024 · DOI

  • Galactose-deficient IgA1 on the immunoglobulin hinge region and its immune complexes are thought to play a central pathogenetic role in IgAV, however, an association between such molecules and specific GI mucosal damage remains unclear.

    Gastrointestinal manifestations and pathogenesis in childhood immunoglobulin A vasculitis · 2024 · DOI

  • The prognostic value of NLR in AAV patients is unclear. There is a need for accessible and robust biomarkers for early stratification of high-risk AAV patients.

    The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis · 2026 · DOI

  • Although a numerical trend was observed whereby infection-related mortality was higher in the high NLR group, the lack of statistical significance may be attributed to the limited number of fatal events; thus, larger cohort studies are warranted to further elucidate the association between NLR and specific causes of death.

    The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis · 2026 · DOI

  • The majority of clinical studies demonstrated moderate to high methodological quality, but small sample sizes and lack of blinding in outcome assessment were common limitations. The certainty of evidence for S100A4 was evaluated as very low due to extreme indirectness and imprecision.

    S100 proteins in IgA vasculitis and other systemic vasculitides – from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical biomarkers: a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • The specific pathogenic role of S100 proteins in IgA vasculitis remains unclear. There is a lack of direct clinical or experimental data on the role of S100 proteins in systemic vasculitis cohorts.

    S100 proteins in IgA vasculitis and other systemic vasculitides – from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical biomarkers: a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • Diagnosing microscopic polyangiitis in seniors may be challenging due to multiple comorbidities. There is a need for tailored therapy to balance disease control with vulnerability to treatment toxicity.

    Microscopic Polyangiitis in a Nonagenarian: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Geriatric Vasculitis · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper highlights that older patients often present with nonspecific symptoms and reduced physiological reserve, delaying diagnosis, but there is insufficient evidence on early diagnostic strategies or screening protocols specifically designed for geriatric AAV presentation.

    Microscopic Polyangiitis in a Nonagenarian: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Geriatric Vasculitis · 2026 · DOI

  • The diagnosis of PAN is challenging due to its heterogeneous presentations. There is a lack of specific diagnostic criteria for PAN. Biopsies can sometimes be inconclusive.

    [18F]FDG PET/CT value in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with polyarteritis nodosa · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of [18F]FDG PET/CT in PAN. The 'ant-farm' uptake pattern should be further investigated. The correlation between [18F]FDG PET/CT findings and clinical, biological, and histopathological data should be further explored.

    [18F]FDG PET/CT value in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with polyarteritis nodosa · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a more accurate and reliable imaging biomarker for PMR. The current diagnosis and monitoring of PMR rely primarily on clinical features and elevated acute-phase reactants.

    Superior correlation with clinical activity and unique detection patterns: a prospective study of FAPI versus FDG-PET in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis · 2026 · DOI

  • The association between IgA nephropathy and DAH is not well understood. There is a lack of reports on the occurrence of DAH in patients with dialysis-dependent IgA nephropathy.

    Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Dialysis-Dependent IgA Nephropathy Suggesting Persistent Systemic Vasculitis: A Case Report and Literature Review · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for alternative therapies for IgA vasculitis nephritis. Current treatments have limitations, and some patients do not respond well to them. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the efficacy and safety of telitacicept.

    Efficacy and safety of telitacicept in IgA vasculitis nephritis: a single-center retrospective study · 2026 · DOI

  • The case report is limited to a single patient. The diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis can be challenging due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. The overlap with premature atherosclerosis and lack of advanced inflammatory imaging represent important limitations.

    Beyond Classic Territories: Atypical Iliofemoral Vascular Involvement in a Suspected Takayasu Arteritis Presenting as Peripheral Arterial Disease Mimic in Young Age · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness about the atypical presentations of Takayasu arteritis. The diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis can be challenging due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. There is a need for high clinical suspicion and multimodality imaging in patients with unexplained claudication and uncontrolled hypertension.

    Beyond Classic Territories: Atypical Iliofemoral Vascular Involvement in a Suspected Takayasu Arteritis Presenting as Peripheral Arterial Disease Mimic in Young Age · 2026 · DOI

  • The association between Takayasu arteritis and Down syndrome is not yet fully understood. The pathophysiological mechanism of Takayasu arteritis has not yet been fully elucidated.

    Takayasu Arteritis in a Patient with Down Syndrome: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and cranial MRI for giant cell arteritis is not well established. The influence of cardiovascular risk on diagnostic accuracy is not well understood.

    Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound versus cranial MRI for giant cell arteritis: dependence on cardiovascular risk for ultrasound only. · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness of the potential coexistence of microscopic polyangiitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and transthyretin amyloidosis in patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma.

    Coexistence of Microscopic Polyangiitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Transthyretin Amyloidosis in an Elderly Japanese Patient With Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: An Autopsy Case Report · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Vasculitis and related conditions

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103 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 355 Vasculitis and related conditions papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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