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Open research questions in Viral-associated cancers and disorders

170 gap statements mined from Viral-associated cancers and disorders papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 684 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

Choosing where to publish on Viral-associated cancers and disorders? See the ranked Medicine journals.

What the literature leaves open

  • Reliable large-scale data for the management of CAEBV-associated cardiovascular damage are currently lacking. The clinical management of CAEBV-associated cardiovascular damage is challenging.

    Cardiovascular complications in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection: a narrative review · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of recent publications on HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma in South Africa. There is a need for improved understanding of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma.

    HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: Advanced disease and high mortality of patients referred to a multidisciplinary clinic in South Africa, 2022–2024 · 2026 · DOI

  • The optimal duration of immunotherapy in this population remains unknown; one could argue for a shorter course in patients with negative circulating tumor DNA and no evidence of disease on imaging.

    Navigating Immunotherapy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report of POLE-Mutated Jejunal Adenocarcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • Current diagnostic approaches rely on a limited set of viral proteins and may fail to detect disease-specific antibody signatures. There is a need for a more comprehensive and sensitive approach to serological diagnostics for EBV infection.

    A novel multiplex approach for the comprehensive analysis of the Epstein-Barr virus-specific humoral immune response · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of definitive molecular confirmation of donor origin in cases of suspected donor-transmitted malignancies. The risk of graft rejection when using immunosuppressive therapy.

    Donor-transmitted squamous cell carcinoma in kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with checkpoint inhibitors: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • Syngeneic HSCT, on the other hand, performed between identical twins, shows promise but remains underexplored, with limited data available on its efficacy and long-term outcomes.

    Global Epidemiology of Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Incidence, Subtypes, Risk Factors, and Beyond · 2026 · DOI

  • In RALD, in vitro T-cell studies have shown partial resistance to interleukin (IL)-2 withdrawal-induced apoptosis with reduced BCL-2- Interacting Mediator of Cell Death (BIM) expression (2), whereas comparable T-cell apoptosis data have not been established as a defining feature of JMML.

    Case Report: Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory paediatric RAS-associated lymphoproliferative disorder · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on detailed characterization of additional components of the exosomal cargo to identify reliable and non-invasive biomarkers that are critical and specific for PTLD development.

    Van Latentie tot Ziekte: Epstein-Barr-Virus in Transplantatiepatiënten · 2026

  • The diagnosis of PTLD is challenging and requires careful consideration of clinical and histological features. There is a need for careful evaluation of the clinical and histological features of EBV-positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder of the colon.

    Polymorphic EBV-positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder of the colon mimicking EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not compare the results to tumors treated in vehicle only mice Balb/c, as these do not engraft. The study uses a limited number of mice and tumor samples.

    HIV Infection and Opioid Treatment Enable the Engraftment of Kaposi Sarcoma‐Like Tumors Into Immunocompetent Mice · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies can use the model to test the efficacy of different treatments for KS. The study highlights the importance of considering the relationship between KS and HIV infection in the development of new treatments. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of KS progression and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.

    HIV Infection and Opioid Treatment Enable the Engraftment of Kaposi Sarcoma‐Like Tumors Into Immunocompetent Mice · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for further studies to clarify the lineage-specific mechanisms of EBV infection in T/NK cells. The lack of standardized treatment strategies for EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.

    The role of Epstein-Barr virus in NK/T cell lymphoproliferative disorders: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of a suitable animal model for EBV infection and associated lymphoma. The need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of EBV-associated lymphoma.

    Callitrichine herpesvirus 3 in the common marmoset is a model of Epstein-Barr virus infection and associated lymphoma · 2026 · DOI

  • The risk of severe infections in immunocompromised patients receiving B-cell-depleting therapies is not fully understood. The incidence of enteroviral infections in patients with follicular lymphoma is not well established.

    Enterovirus Encephalitis Developing After Treatment for Follicular Lymphoma: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • The underlying immune mechanisms of the relationship between EBV and MS remain unclear. Previous research has focused on EBNA1, but the role of late lytic antigens in MS immunopathology is not well understood.

    CD4 + T cells reactive to Epstein-Barr virus late lytic antigens are enriched in individuals with multiple sclerosis · 2026 · DOI

  • The developmental origin of these in vivo infected populations remains unknown, as existing models fail to recapitulate the tonsillar immune microenvironment necessary to study EBV-driven B cell differentiation pathways beyond LCL transformation.

    A Tonsil Organoid Model for Epstein-Barr Virus-Host Immune Interactions in Germinal Centers 2308488 · 2026 · DOI

  • The current research lacks understanding of the role of local CRP expression in vulvar tumour development. The study aims to fill this gap by examining the expression of lysophosphatidic acid and C-reactive protein in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and lichen sclerosus.

    The expression of lysophosphatidic acid and C-reactive protein in the course of the vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and the vulvar lichen sclerosus · 2026 · DOI

  • Lessons This case demonstrates that EBV can trigger a fulminant, lethal triad of HLH, meningitis, and ARDS even in immunocompetent hosts, which has not been previously reported in a single patient.

    A fatal case of concurrent EBV-induced meningitis, ARDS, and HLH in an immunocompetent adult: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • Life-threatening complications such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), meningitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are exceptionally rare and have not been previously reported to occur concurrently in a single patient.

    A fatal case of concurrent EBV-induced meningitis, ARDS, and HLH in an immunocompetent adult: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The conclusions drawn from this review are constrained by the nature of the available evidence, which predominantly consisted of case reports and small case series. This body of literature is susceptible to publication bias, where severe or unusual presentations are more likely to be reported, and selection bias, as most reported cases originated in East Asia.

    Cardiovascular complications in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection: a narrative review · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only examined CalHV-3 in common marmosets and did not directly study EBV. The sample size of marmosets with lymphoma was limited.

    Callitrichine herpesvirus 3 in the common marmoset is a model of Epstein-Barr virus infection and associated lymphoma · 2026 · DOI

  • So far, only few reports have linked KDM5A/B proteins to B-cell lymphomas, such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and germinal center (GC) lymphoma.

    Inhibition of KDM5A/B promotes antitumor innate immune responses in HHV-8/KSHV-positive B-cell lymphomas · 2026 · DOI

  • The potential for plugomas to mimic malignant pathology on FDG PET/CT. The importance of awareness of surgical history in preventing misdiagnosis.

    FDG Avid Plugoma Mimicking Recurrent Lymphoma · 2026 · DOI

  • June 26, 2026 10 / 13 a representative image showing bilateral poorly defined infiltrates more on the lower zones involving the peribronchial region, with mild right-sided pleural effusion.

    Overall survival and associated factors among patients with pulmonary Kaposi’s sarcoma in sub-Saharan Africa · 2026 · DOI

  • Short follow-up period, - No post-treatment CT or FDG PET-CT findings available, - Limited number of reported sinonasal…

    Case Report: Sinonasal plasmablastic lymphoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative elderly woman diagnosed by immunohistochemistry · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Viral-associated cancers and disorders

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a lack of recent publications on HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma in South Africa (“HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: Advanced disease and high mortality of patients…”, 2026); (2) The optimal duration of immunotherapy in this population remains unknown; one could argue for a shorter course in patients with negative circulating tumor DNA and no evidence of disease on imaging (“Navigating Immunotherapy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report of…”, 2026); (3) There is a need for a more comprehensive and sensitive approach to serological diagnostics for EBV infection (“A novel multiplex approach for the comprehensive analysis of the Epstein-Barr…”, 2026); (4) The lack of definitive molecular confirmation of donor origin in cases of suspected donor-transmitted malignancies (“Donor-transmitted squamous cell carcinoma in kidney transplant recipient…”, 2026); (5) Syngeneic HSCT, on the other hand, performed between identical twins, shows promise but remains underexplored, with limited data available on its efficacy and long-term outcomes (“Global Epidemiology of Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) in…”, 2026). 170 gap statements have been mined from Viral-associated cancers and disorders papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 684 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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