In relation to the framework, the assessment suggested

The gap

Evidence profile

Stated in the recommendations and abstract and conclusions sections of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2014 and 2026, spanning 5 journals. Those papers have been cited 62 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• The Role of Blended Learning in Modern Education Systems (2026) · International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management · doi

  Online learning offers flexibility and accessibility with digital resources. It is suitable for self-paced learning. Offline learning provides an environment that fosters discipline and encourages social interaction. A blended learning approach is recommended as it combines the strengths of both modes. For example, online theoretical instruction can be integrated with, in-person sessions. For online learning to really work, learners and institutions should use Massive Open Online Courses or MOOCs that are available on platforms like Coursera, edX and Udemy. These platforms have a lot of courses that are taught by leading academic institutions and industry professionals like Drexel University School of Education.

  generalstated in recommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: learning online institutions courses platforms like offers flexibility accessibility digital resources suitable self paced offline
• A framework for investigating blended learning effectiveness (2014) · Education + Training · cited 57× · doi

  In relation to the framework, the assessment suggested that certain aspects of the university's blended learning approach could be investigated further (particularly student readiness for different blended learning options and an overall assessment of the impact of a blended approach), to provide a more holistic view of the readiness to adopt and impact of the blended learning offerings.

  generalstated in abstractevidence 5/5
  Keywords: blended learning assessment approach readiness impact relation framework certain aspects university investigated further particularly student
• “We Had a Blast!” (2017) · International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning · cited 4× · doi

  As many important issues pertaining to blended learning within the Sub-Saharan African context remain unexplored, this study implemented a blended learning approach in a graduate level course at a private university in Ghana, with the objective of exploring adult learners' attitudes, experiences and behaviors towards this learning approach, as well as their perceptions towards blended learning in general.

  generalstated in abstractevidence 5/5
  Keywords: learning blended approach towards important issues pertaining within saharan african context remain unexplored implemented graduate
• Analysis of Blended Learning in Higher Education Based on CiteSpace (2001-2024) (2026) · The Electronic Journal of e-Learning · cited 1× · doi

  Future research should address this gap to provide insights into the sustained effects of blended learning initiatives. Furthermore, the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality in blended learning environments presents both opportunities and challenges that warrant further investigation (Zawacki-Richter et al. Secondly, longitudinal studies examining the long-term impacts of blended learning on student outcomes and institutional transformation are scarce (Ashraf et al.

  generalstated in conclusionsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: blended learning future address provide insights sustained effects initiatives integration emerging technologies artificial intelligence virtual
• The Missing Link: Understanding Teacher Engagement in Mathematics Professional Development Programmes in South Africa (2026) · Journal of Education and Learning Technology · doi

  Based on a comprehensive thematic analysis of professional development literature, the following detailed recommendations are proposed: 61 Ji, Hao, Lingling Suo, and Hua Chen. "AI performance assessment in blended learning: mechanisms and effects on students’ continuous learning motivation." Frontiers in Psychology 15 (2024): 1447680. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1447680 62 Cao, “A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Blended Learning on Performance, Attitude, Achievement, and Engagement across Different Countries.” 63 Fernando et al., “Impact of Online Learning Readiness on Online Learning Effectiveness.” 64 Sari and Hermawan, “The Effect of Blended Learning and Teacher-Student Interaction on the Learning Motivation of SMAN 1 Depok City Students.” 65 Nugent et al., “Analysis of Instructional Coaching: What, Why and How.” 66 Li, “Professional Development, Employee Motivation and Work Commitment: Basis for Human Resource Development Plan.” 67 Løken, Helgesen, and Bjørkquist, “Collective Competence as an Enabler for Service Integration in Health and Social Care Services.” 68 Ilaltdinova, Frolova, and Sergeeva, “Character Education Competence of a Teacher in the Professional Life Cycle.” 69 Wu et al., “Key Factors Influencing Design Learners’ Behavioral Intention in Human-AI Collaboration Within the Educational Metaverse.” 70 Meutstege, Van Geel, and Visscher, “Evidence-Based Design of a Teacher Professional Development Program for Differentiated Instruction: A Whole-Task Approach.” Journal of Education and Learning (JELT) 134 Chiphambo, S. M.. / Journal of Education and Learning Technology / Vol.7 No.1 (2026) pp 123 -140 The thematic analysis, several key recommendations emerge to improve professional development programmes and address the identified gaps in current practice. First, professional development designers should prioritise the development of flexible, context-sensitive frameworks that can be adapted to diverse educational settings while maintaining core effectiveness principles. This approach should incorporate both structured content delivery and opportunities for personalised learning pathways.71 In addition, institutions should invest in developing comprehensive support systems that extend beyond traditional workshop formats, including mentoring programmes, professional learning communities and technology-enhanced learning platforms. Furthermore, there is a critical need to establish robust evaluation mechanisms that can assess both immediate and long-term impacts of professional development initiatives.

  generalstated in recommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: learning professional development blended motivation teacher education based comprehensive thematic recommendations performance mechanisms effects students

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