The study identifies a gap in the literature

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the limitations and future-work section and stated research gap of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 4 journals.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Industrial activity, renewable energy, and institutional factors as drivers of CO₂ emissions in ten high-emitting economies (2026) · Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum · doi

  While this study provides robust evidence on the drivers of CO₂ emissions in the world’s highest- -emitting economies, it is not without limitations. First, although the PMG and dynamic common correlated effects (DCCE) estimators account for heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, the analysis remains limited to a fixed group of ten countries, which may constrain generalizability. Second, due to data limitations, the study does not disaggregate emissions by sector or energy source, which could help pinpoint the most carbon- -intensive activities. Third, the use of annual data may obscure short-term fluctuations and policy shocks. Future research could expand the geographical scope to include emerging emitters, adopt a sectorspecific or energy-type decomposition, and explore interactions between environmental regulations and fiscal or trade policy. Additionally, incorporating spatial econometric techniques may uncover deeper structural patterns in emission dynamics. Author contributions: Everything was solely written by me.

  generallimitationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: emissions energy https policy evidence countries carbon growth economic world economies limitations sector specific environmental
• Renewable Energy Transition and Carbon Emissions Mitigation: A Panel Analysis of Middle- and High-Income Countries Beyond the EKC Framework (2026) · Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae · doi

  Despite its contributions, this study has several limitations that should be acknowledged. First, the analysis focuses on a selected sample of middle-income and high-income countries, which may limit the relevance of the findings to other income groups or regions. Second, the study relies on aggregated macroeconomic indicators from international databases, which may not fully capture country-specific structural differences in energy systems and environmental policies.

  generallimitationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: income despite contributions several limitations acknowledged first focuses selected sample middle high countries limit relevance
• Evaluation of Linear Regression and Ridge Regression as Baselines for Predicting Indonesia's CO₂ Emissions (2026) · Greenation International Journal of Engineering Science · doi

  Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of policies aimed at reducing CO₂ emissions in Indonesia. Further research is needed to explore the relationships between GDP per capita, primary energy consumption, and population, and CO₂ emissions in Indonesia. Further research is needed to develop more accurate models for predicting CO₂ emissions in Indonesia.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: further research needed evaluate effectiveness policies aimed reducing
• Economic Agglomeration and District-Level Carbon Emissions in Indonesia (2026) · Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi · doi

  The study identifies a gap in the literature by incorporating employment density as a proxy of economic agglomeration into an extended STIRPAT framework. The study examines the nonlinear relationship between economic agglomeration and district-level carbon emissions in Indonesia, which has not been fully explored in prior studies.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study identifies gap literature incorporating employment density proxy

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