A need to investigate the effects of pea protein with an enzymes-probiotics supplement on amino acid absorption and gut microbiome

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the future work and stated research gap of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 3 journals. Those papers have been cited 73 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Carbohydrases and Phytase in Poultry and Pig Nutrition: A Review beyond the Nutrients and Energy Matrix (2024) · Animals · cited 46× · doi

  As highlighted in this review, supplementation with exogenous enzymes offers bene- fits that go beyond the utilization of “encapsulated” nutrients. It positively modulates the intestinal microbiota, attenuates the activation of the immune system, and improves the antioxidant status of animals. Despite the demonstrated ability of enzymes to save energy Animals 2024, 14, 226 15 of 22 and nutrients, their responses under challenging conditions have been poorly documented. Activation of the immune system alters nutrient and energy partitioning, potentially af- fecting the value of developed matrices in commercial farms. Interestingly, under sanitary challenges, supplementation of carbohydrases and phytase can be implemented using the energy and nutritional valorization matrices. This suggests that enzymes, with their proper- ties that promote overall intestinal health, expedite the recovery of intestinal function after sanitary challenges, while maintaining the improved utilization of the nutritional matrix. Studies conducted under commercial conditions have shown that the use of matrices containing carbohydrases and phytase can maintain the growth performance and general health of broiler chickens and pigs. However, these studies predominantly focused on assessing a single level of reduction in energy and/or available P and total Ca, limiting our ability to quantify potential energy and nutrient savings in the diet. Therefore, further studies should be conducted with a specific focus on determining the extent of energy and nutrients savings, as well as seeking to understand the effects of supplemented enzymes alone, and in complexes or blends. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D.T.V.J., J.L.G. and G.C.R.; methodology, D.T.V.J., J.L.G., A.S. and G.C.R.; formal analysis, D.T.V.J., J.L.G., S.W.K., A.S. and G.C.R.; investigation, D.T.V.J., J.L.G., S.W.K., A.S. and G.C.R.; writing—original draft preparation, D.T.V.J., J.L.G. and G.C.R.; writing— review and editing, S.W.K. and A.S.; visualization, D.T.V.J., J.L.G., A.S. and G.C.R.; supervision, J.L.G., A.S. and G.C.R.; project administration, J.L.G., A.S. and G.C.R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ (accessed on 6 January 2024). Acknowledgments: We are grateful to Fabricio Santos from Agroceres for the intellectual sup- port. We are grateful to Maykelly Gomes for helping with the figures. We gratefully acknowledge CNPq—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CAPES—Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, and INCT CA—Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Ciência Animal. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

  generalfuture work
  Keywords: energy enzymes nutrients intestinal matrices review supplementation utilization activation immune system animals ability conditions nutrient
• The Impact of Essential Amino Acids on the Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens (2024) · Microorganisms · cited 15× · doi

  Microbiota within the gut functions like an endocrine organ to regulate host health through influencing the function of the gastrointestinal tract including diet digestion, nutrient resorption, immunity hormone synthesis, and nerve conduction [107,108]. It has been reported that poultry housed according to the European legislation, stress levels were not enough to change the microbiota composition [109]. Thus, leading to look more closely at the nutritional factors that drive the gut microbiota composition. Subsequently, the positive impact of gut microbiota of broiler chickens could be a key factor in enhancing optimal health, welfare, and ultimately boosting resilience in poultry. Manipulation of broiler chicken gut bacteria may be feasible to strengthen poultry productivity but the full Microorganisms 2021, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 14 Figure 2. Flow diagram that details what leads to the unifromity and inconsistencies with laboratory results to attempt to showcase bacterial amino acid utilization within the host environment. Diagram “Created with BioRender.com”. 4. Recent Studies That Relate to Amino Acid Influence of Intestinal Microbiota The bulk of the research in this review concentrates on investigating the influence of amino acids on GIT of chickens. Primarily, the focus lies on broiler chickens, considering factors such as the absence of additional feed additives, adjustments in optimal feed for-mulations, occurrences of disease or deformities, and instances of stress. A recently pub-lished research could provide an enhanced understanding of how amino acids might af-fect the intestinal microbiota of chickens. For instance, a study on Qingyuan partridge chickens revealed that enhancing dietary arginine led to improved growth performance and positively influenced the population structure of gut microbiota [105]. Similarly, in yellow feathering chickens supplemented with isoleucine, bacterial 16S rDNA full-length sequencing indicated that dietary isoleucine increased the cecal abundances of the Firmic-utes phylum, as well as Blautia, Lactobacillus, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae genera. Conversely, it decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria, Alistipes, and Shigella [106]. However, it’s worth noting that arginine is not among the most limiting amino acids for broiler chickens, and isoleucine typically ranks as the 4th or 5th limiting amino acid. The current review primarily focuses on research involving the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd limiting amino acids for broiler chickens. Currently, there is a lack of research on this topic con-cerning lysine, which is the 2nd limiting amino acid crucial for broiler chicken growth and immunity. While past and present research on gut microbiota in broiler chickens, as well as other poultry, has demonstrated similarities in the abundance of Firmicutes and Lacto-bacillus, which are associated with positive gut health in other animals, more investiga-tion is necessary. It remains to be seen whether changes

  generalfuture work
  Keywords: chickens microbiota amino broiler poultry acid acids limiting health review isoleucine within host immunity stress
• Study of amino acids absorption and gut microbiome on consumption of pea protein blended with enzymes-probiotics supplement (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · cited 12× · doi

  The study identifies a need to investigate the effects of pea protein with an enzymes-probiotics supplement on amino acid absorption and gut microbiome. There is a lack of research on the impact of enzymes-probiotics blend on pea protein absorption. The study aims to address the gap in knowledge on the effects of pea protein supplementation on gut microbiota.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study identifies need investigate effects pea protein enzymes-probiotics

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