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Open research questions in Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging

58 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 432 Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Lower extremity malalignment and unequal leg lengths are significant orthopedic disorders. The mechanical axis is essential for accurately evaluating the mechanical and anatomical axes of the lower extremities. There is a need for reliable and accurate imaging modalities to assess lower extremity alignment.

    Mechanical axis image quality of the EOS imaging system compared to digital radiographs · 2026 · DOI

  • Diabetic kidney disease is a significant etiology of end-stage renal disease. Current clinical guidelines recommend detection of chronic kidney disease primarily relies on urinary or serum biomarkers. Kidney biopsy is the definitive method for confirming kidney diseases but is limited by its invasiveness and poor reproducibility.

    CT-based renal and body-composition radiomics model to improve the detection ability of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus · 2026 · DOI

  • The use of high-power microfocal X-ray sources to reduce acquisition times. The development of application-specific denoising algorithms to maintain image quality while reducing acquisition time.

    Spectral micro-CT for quantitative analysis of calcification in fibrocartilage · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a non-destructive and reproducible alternative to histology for assessing calcification in joint tissue. The lack of a method for quantitative analysis of calcification in fibrocartilage using spectral micro-CT.

    Spectral micro-CT for quantitative analysis of calcification in fibrocartilage · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only evaluates four filter kernels and four cutoff frequencies. The study uses a limited number of image quality metrics (MTF, NPS, NPW d').

    Resolution–noise characteristics of common FDK filter kernels: A practical reference for preclinical cone-beam micro-CT · 2026 · DOI

  • Further evaluation of the effect of different filter kernels and cutoff frequencies on image quality in preclinical cone-beam micro-CT. Investigation of the application of the task-based detectability metric (NPW d') to other image quality metrics.

    Resolution–noise characteristics of common FDK filter kernels: A practical reference for preclinical cone-beam micro-CT · 2026 · DOI

  • The variability in quantitative outputs across vendor software. The need for standardized visualization. The robustness to per-sample noise.

    An Open, Reproducible Gamma-Variate Pipeline for CT-Perfusion Time-Attenuation Curve Analysis, with Standardized (ASIST-Japan) Map Visualization · 2026 · DOI

  • To determine the measurement uncertainty of dimensional CT measurements using the Monte-Carlo method.

    Evaluation of digital models for dimensional X-ray computed tomography – analysis of a multi feature check measurement · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited evidence on the use of PCD-CT in ARDS patients. Limited comparison of PCD-CT and EID-CT in terms of image quality and radiation exposure.

    Photon-counting CT versus energy-integrating CT of the chest in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective observational study of image quality and radiation exposure · 2026 · DOI

  • Detecting lesions <5 mm and reliably distinguishing between jejunum and ileum on CT remains challenging. The study was conducted at a single center. No formal sample size calculation was performed prior to data collection.

    Spectral CT iodine quantification for peritoneal metastasis burden and resectability prediction in ovarian cancer: a retrospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Accurate preoperative assessment of peritoneal metastasis burden in ovarian cancer remains challenging. Conventional CT lacks sensitivity for small-volume disease.

    Spectral CT iodine quantification for peritoneal metastasis burden and resectability prediction in ovarian cancer: a retrospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional clinical prediction models have limited efficacy for preoperative risk assessment. There is a need for a predictive model that can accurately identify high-risk patients.

    Preoperative spectral computed tomography multi-parameter prediction of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer: A single-center retrospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to validate the findings of this study. The development of new treatment strategies for mucinous adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified is needed. The use of Dual-layer spectral detector CT in clinical practice should be further investigated.

    Parameters of dual-layer spectral detector CT for differentiating pathological types of colorectal adenocarcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for accurate identification of the pathologic subtypes of adenocarcinoma to guide personalized treatment. Current diagnostic methods may not be sufficient to distinguish between mucinous adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified.

    Parameters of dual-layer spectral detector CT for differentiating pathological types of colorectal adenocarcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies should evaluate the long-term effects of radiation dose reduction with PCD-CT. Future studies should compare the imaging quality of PCD-CT and EID-CT in other imaging applications. Future studies should develop and evaluate new CT protocols that incorporate PCD-CT technology.

    Appropriate dose reduction using photon-counting detector CT for temporal bone imaging: phantom and clinical studies with helical acquisition · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to determine the extent of possible dose reduction with PCD-CT while maintaining image quality equivalent to EID-CT. There is a lack of studies evaluating the clinical equivalence of PCD-CT image quality at reduced dose to that of EID-CT at standard dose.

    Appropriate dose reduction using photon-counting detector CT for temporal bone imaging: phantom and clinical studies with helical acquisition · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for new diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC. The association between iodine concentration and histopathological features in HNSCC is not well understood.

    Photon counting computed tomography in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: iodine concentration and histopathological features · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the bone changes that occur during the first year after total wrist arthroplasty. There is a need for more effective techniques to evaluate osseointegration, bone remodeling, and osteolysis.

    Evaluating osseointegration, bone remodeling and osteolysis after total wrist arthroplasty using photon-counting detector CT · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to compare the mechanical axis image quality between different imaging modalities. There is a need to evaluate the reliability and diagnostic performance of alternative imaging modalities.

    Mechanical axis image quality of the EOS imaging system compared to digital radiographs · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of standardization in the use of grayscale values in CBCT. The limited understanding of the technical factors that affect grayscale values in CBCT.

    Grayscale Values in Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Scope and Limitations · 2026 · DOI

  • Small sample size. Limited to a selected cohort of mainly trauma patients. PCCT BME map generation failed in hypercalcified bone.

    Exploratory Evaluation of Photon-Counting CT for Bone Marrow Edema Detection Across Multiple Joints: A Pilot Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The diagnostic performance of PCCT for BME detection is unknown. There is a need for alternative methods to MRI for BME detection.

    Exploratory Evaluation of Photon-Counting CT for Bone Marrow Edema Detection Across Multiple Joints: A Pilot Study · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to improve the diagnostic quality of lower extremity arteries in trauma CT scans. There is a lack of research on the use of VME reconstructions in vascular diagnostics in trauma patients.

    Impact of virtual monoenergetic images on the assessability of lower extremity arteries in (Poly-) trauma photon-counting detector CT · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a limited sample size. The dual low-dose approach resulted in increased noise levels. Dual-energy scanning could not be combined with high-pitch mode.

    Dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography using dual-flow mixture bolus tracking: potential for contrast medium and radiation exposure reduction · 2026 · DOI

  • Concerns regarding contrast-induced nephropathy and ionizing exposure during CT scans. Limited methods for reducing radiation dose and contrast medium volume in dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography.

    Dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography using dual-flow mixture bolus tracking: potential for contrast medium and radiation exposure reduction · 2026 · DOI

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58 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 432 Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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