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Open research questions in Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging

90 gap statements mined from Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,091 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The linear interpolation method and the normalized metal artifact reduction method have limitations. The anisotropic total variation (TV) regularization method has limitations.

    Metal Artifact Reduction in CT Based on a Nonlinear Weighted Anisotropic TV Regularization · 2026 · DOI

  • Large-scale prospective trials involving diverse patient populations and multiple imaging platforms are warranted to compare LD-AIIR with standard-dose protocols, with the goal of establishing its generalizability and identifying specific clinical scenarios in which low-dose protocols can be reliably implemented.

    Artificial intelligence iterative imaging reconstruction with low-dose CT scans for hepatic metastases · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies should evaluate the long-term effects of radiation dose reduction with PCD-CT. Future studies should compare the imaging quality of PCD-CT and EID-CT in other imaging applications. Future studies should develop and evaluate new CT protocols that incorporate PCD-CT technology.

    Appropriate dose reduction using photon-counting detector CT for temporal bone imaging: phantom and clinical studies with helical acquisition · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to determine the extent of possible dose reduction with PCD-CT while maintaining image quality equivalent to EID-CT. There is a lack of studies evaluating the clinical equivalence of PCD-CT image quality at reduced dose to that of EID-CT at standard dose.

    Appropriate dose reduction using photon-counting detector CT for temporal bone imaging: phantom and clinical studies with helical acquisition · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for new diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC. The association between iodine concentration and histopathological features in HNSCC is not well understood.

    Photon counting computed tomography in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: iodine concentration and histopathological features · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the bone changes that occur during the first year after total wrist arthroplasty. There is a need for more effective techniques to evaluate osseointegration, bone remodeling, and osteolysis.

    Evaluating osseointegration, bone remodeling and osteolysis after total wrist arthroplasty using photon-counting detector CT · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to compare the mechanical axis image quality between different imaging modalities. There is a need to evaluate the reliability and diagnostic performance of alternative imaging modalities.

    Mechanical axis image quality of the EOS imaging system compared to digital radiographs · 2026 · DOI

  • The effect of Gaussian feathering on diagnostic image quality metrics has not been characterized. There is a lack of understanding of how Gaussian feathering affects noise power spectrum, modulation transfer function, noise equivalent quanta, structural similarity index, and peak signal-to-noise ratio.

    Impact of Gaussian feathering on diagnostic metrics in tile-based micro-CT sinogram infilling · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of standardization in the use of grayscale values in CBCT. The limited understanding of the technical factors that affect grayscale values in CBCT.

    Grayscale Values in Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Scope and Limitations · 2026 · DOI

  • These findings suggest that PCCT may have a supportive rule-in role in clinical scenarios where MRI is impractical due to limited availability, time constraints, or contraindications, though its clinical utility still needs to be validated in larger studies.

    Exploratory Evaluation of Photon-Counting CT for Bone Marrow Edema Detection Across Multiple Joints: A Pilot Study · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to improve the diagnostic quality of lower extremity arteries in trauma CT scans. There is a lack of research on the use of VME reconstructions in vascular diagnostics in trauma patients.

    Impact of virtual monoenergetic images on the assessability of lower extremity arteries in (Poly-) trauma photon-counting detector CT · 2026 · DOI

  • Third, the model was not directly compared with established ultrasound-based risk stratification systems such as TI-RADS or EU-TIRADS; therefore, its incremental value over current standard-of-care pathways remains to be demonstrated.

    Development and validation of a multimodal predictive model based on clinical, biochemical, and quantitative dual-energy CT parameters: for predicting the benignity and malignancy of thyroid nodules · 2026 · DOI

  • Further study is needed to investigate the effect of other factors such as confining pressure and pore pressure on microcracking behavior. Further study is needed to investigate the microcracking behavior of other rock types. Further study is needed to develop new technologies for rock mechanics and thermal engineering.

    How heating rate governs microcrack-induced damage revealed by X-ray computed tomography? · 2026 · DOI

  • These limitations, together with their anticipated solutions and developmental timelines, are summarized in Table 4. Three convergent trajectories—artificial intelligence integration, novel contrast media for K-edge imaging, and broader clinical and multimodal translation— are anticipated to transform PCD-CT from a promising academic tool into a cornerstone of cardiovascular diagnostic imaging over the coming decade.

    Photon-counting detector CT in cardiovascular imaging: technical advances, clinical applications, and future perspectives · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of reproducibility in CT-perfusion analysis. The need for standardized visualization.

    An Open, Reproducible Gamma-Variate Pipeline for CT-Perfusion Time-Attenuation Curve Analysis, with Standardized (ASIST-Japan) Map Visualization · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of sufficient diagnostic specificity of Node-RADS for atypical lymph nodes. The need for a combined multiparametric approach to improve diagnostic performance.

    The diagnostic efficacy of venous-phase spectral CT combined with Node-RADS for differentiating enlarged lymph nodes in common solid tumors: a preliminary exploratory study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a limited sample size of 33 mandibles. The bones were in various states of preservation. The study excluded mandibles that were fragmented, particularly on the coronoid processes.

    Using computed tomography, photogrammetry & structured light scanning for measuring human mandibles: a comparison of metric analysis using various 3D imaging technologies · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a scarcity of data which compares CT, SLS, and photogrammetry within the context of metric anthropological analysis. There is a need for alternative imaging options to CT due to its limitations.

    Using computed tomography, photogrammetry & structured light scanning for measuring human mandibles: a comparison of metric analysis using various 3D imaging technologies · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not consider the effect of other factors such as confining pressure and pore pressure on microcracking behavior. The study only considers granite as the rock type. The study uses a limited range of heating rates and temperatures.

    How heating rate governs microcrack-induced damage revealed by X-ray computed tomography? · 2026 · DOI

  • Previous studies have reported low incidence of chronic renal artery stenosis, but the study suggests that microscopic arterial wall injury may still occur.

    Subclinical intimal injury visualized by optical frequency domain imaging and angioscopy after radiofrequency renal denervation · 2026 · DOI

  • Incorporate the prior information of local structural characteristics to enhance both the numerical stability and the reconstruction quality…

    Metal Artifact Reduction in CT Based on a Nonlinear Weighted Anisotropic TV Regularization · 2026 · DOI

  • To determine the measurement uncertainty of dimensional CT measurements using the Monte-Carlo method.

    Evaluation of digital models for dimensional X-ray computed tomography – analysis of a multi feature check measurement · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies could investigate the effects of cardiac motion on stent lumen visibility in human subjects, - research could focus on developing new reconstruction kernels or acquisition modes to reduce motion…

    Influence of Cardiac Motion on Stent Lumen Visibility in Photon-Counting CT Employing a Pulsatile Heart Model · 2026 · DOI

  • A dedicated follow-up experiment with multiple models evaluated under both blending schemes, - Evaluation of the impact of Gaussian feathering on human subjects or clinical outcomes, - Investigation of alternative blending…

    Impact of Gaussian feathering on diagnostic metrics in tile-based micro-CT sinogram infilling · 2026 · DOI

  • Exploring the use of spectral CT in other phases (e.g., arterial, delayed). Investigating the potential of other spectral CT parameters for distinguishing between benign and malignant lymph nodes. Evaluating the diagnostic performance of the combined approach in larger cohorts.

    The diagnostic efficacy of venous-phase spectral CT combined with Node-RADS for differentiating enlarged lymph nodes in common solid tumors: a preliminary exploratory study · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Future studies should evaluate the long-term effects of radiation dose reduction with PCD-CT (“Appropriate dose reduction using photon-counting detector CT for temporal bone…”, 2026); (2) The association between iodine concentration and histopathological features in HNSCC is not well understood (“Photon counting computed tomography in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma:…”, 2026); (3) There is a lack of understanding of the bone changes that occur during the first year after total wrist arthroplasty (“Evaluating osseointegration, bone remodeling and osteolysis after total wrist…”, 2026); (4) There is a need to compare the mechanical axis image quality between different imaging modalities (“Mechanical axis image quality of the EOS imaging system compared to digital…”, 2026); (5) The effect of Gaussian feathering on diagnostic image quality metrics has not been characterized (“Impact of Gaussian feathering on diagnostic metrics in tile-based micro-CT…”, 2026). 90 gap statements have been mined from Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,091 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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