Open research questions in Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
763 gap statements mined from Bone Tissue Engineering Materials papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 5,984 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.
Choosing where to publish on Bone Tissue Engineering Materials? See the ranked Engineering journals.
What the literature leaves open
Although HIGS consistently appeared adjacent to CaP-rich regions, the contribution of mineral-derived ionic activity to its formation remains uncertain because the local ionic environment was not measured directly.
Mechanotransductive Osteogenesis Through Microarchitectural Stabilization in an Injectable Hydrogel–Mineral System · 2026 · DOIThe present findings are limited to the surface physicochemical characterization of flat-printed specimens, and biological validation, coating durability, and translation to complex implant geometries remain to be demonstrated before this pathway can be considered clinically established.
Surface Biofunctionalization of Additively Manufactured Medical-Grade PEEK by GelMA Grafting for Maxillofacial Reconstruction · 2026 · DOIThus, cytocompatibility at the highest antimicrobial concentration remains to be determined. Therefore, bactericidal activity and log10 CFU/mL reductions remain to be established.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of a TiO2-Containing Biogenic Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Composite: Balancing Antibiofilm Efficacy and Fibroblast Cytocompatibility · 2026 · DOIOne limitation of the present study is the use of MG-63 cells, which, despite being widely applied as an osteoblast-like model in preliminary biomaterial evaluations, do not fully represent the behavior of primary osteoblasts or BMSCs; therefore, future studies should validate the findings using more physiologically relevant cell models such as MC3T3-E1, primary osteoblasts, or mesenchymal stem cells.
Electroconductive and biodegradable scaffold based on alginate/polyaniline hydrogel loaded with green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles for bone regeneration · 2026 · DOIDespite the wealth of information available in the literature on the effect of HAp doping with various ions, it remained hitherto unclear how the chemical and mechanical stability of HAp changes with the doping percentage, whilst the molecular mechanisms of doping were insufficiently well understood. This has two implications: either the simulation duration was insufficient, or this doping process is not possible.
Uncovering the role of ionic doping in hydroxyapatite: the building blocks of tooth enamel and bones · 2026 · DOIAdditionally, long-term in vivo degradation kinetics of the 3 − PDA@(BP + Eu) coating and the potential accumulation of PO4 and Eu3 + in tissues remain unclear, necessitating systematic long-term in vivo investigations to establish a solid theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical translation of such functional bone repair materials.
Sequential Regulation of Neurovascular Bone Regeneration in Large Bone Defects Using Black Phosphorus‐Europium Nanosheet Integrated TPMS Biomimetic Scaffold with Photo‐Controlled Ion Release · 2026 · DOIFuture research should focus on prospective multicenter trials, standardized evaluation frameworks, and long-term clinical monitoring to establish their true therapeutic value. AI, advanced medical imaging, computational modeling, and additive manufacturing are enabling a new era of precision and personalized regenerative medicine.
Artificial Intelligence and Digital Workflow in Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering: From Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to Personalized Bioceramic Implants · 2026 · DOIAlthough the exact mechanism through which CA enhances surface reactivity remains unclear, its ability to modulate surface energy, promote clot adhesion, interact with bacterial membranes, and generate a more stable passive oxide layer likely contributes to the improved electrochemical and antibacterial profiles observed.
Repassivation of Titanium Surface with Different Disinfectants After Implantoplasty: Effects on Corrosion, Ion Release, Cytotoxicity and Bacterial Behaviour—An In Vitro Study · 2026 · DOICaution is warranted when translating these findings to human alveolar bone regeneration.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Non-Thermal Plasma-Treated Xenogenic Bone Graft for Enhanced Bone Regeneration in a Rabbit Calvarial Defect Model · 2026 · DOIThe paper highlights the need for a systematic study of the effects of surfactants on the morphological properties of hydroxyapatite. The paper notes that the effects of surfactants depend on variables such as pH, supersaturation, Ca/P ratio, temperature, and reaction time.
Review: Surfactants as Strategies for the Dimensional and Morphological Modulation of Hydroxyapatite · 2026 · DOIThe influence of processing route on material characteristics and calcium-release behaviour of fish-scale-derived hydroxyapatite remains insufficiently understood. Conventional nHAp production commonly relies on chemically derived precursors and synthesis routes that may involve costly reagents, substantial energy inputs and potentially hazardous chemicals.
Physicochemical Characterisation and Calcium Release Behaviour of Fish-Scale-Derived Hydroxyapatite Nanomaterials · 2026 · DOIDespite these advancements, significant challenges remain in bridging the gap between experimental outcomes and clinical trials. While the mechanical properties of synthetic materials have improved considerably, critical fractures in long bones often necessitate rigid fixation devices to ensure stability.
Limitations of this study include its narrow scope in terms of the type of analysis done on dental implant surfaces treated with the experimental wetting solutions. Surface characteristics, such as AFM roughness and topography, could be examined to achieve a more holistic surface change pattern.
Impact of Bone Grafts Containing Metformin on Implant Surface Hydrophilicity: An In Vitro Study · 2025 · DOIThe use of fish bones as a potential calcium source has been limitedly explored. There is a need to find new calcium sources, especially in low-and middle-income countries where calcium deficiency is prevalent.
The mechanical properties, degradation rate, and lack of osteogenic activity of GelMA hydrogels limit their application in bone defect repair. The need for novel bone graft substitutes that can match the mechanical properties of bone tissue.
This study was successfully conducted with the aim of developing a bone scaffold based on PCL and PPy particles and simultaneously enhancing its mechanical, electrical, surface, and biological properties through the incorporation of PVA and rGO using the electrospinning method. The results demonstrated that the presence of PVA significantly improved the mechanical strength and hydrophilicity of PCL fibers.
Synthesis and characterization of electrospun PCL-PVA-PPy-rGO fibers as a novel scaffold for bone tissue engineering · 2026 · DOIAlthough collagen and its degradation products, such as amino acids, are non-toxic and biodegradable, the cellular sources and additional materials incorporated to enhance the performance of collagen scaffolds may provoke adverse biological reactions.
Nanotechnology is fundamentally changing medicine. Improvement of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of titanium-based implant materials can be achieved by controlling their microstructure. This can be carried out using top-down approaches, such as severe plastic deformation and mechanical alloy techniques.
Nanotechnology for Biomedical Applications: Synthesis and Properties of Ti-Based Nanocomposites · 2025 · DOINano-based modifications were introduced in implant surfaces in order to control cell and molecular events and have an impact on soft and hard tissue integration. Their basic aim was to navigate healing towards osseointegration over fibrous encapsulation through enhanced nanotopography.
Developing GelMA composite hydrogels that can effectively repair bone defects by incorporating inorganic nanominerals, metals, bone growth-promoting metal ions, growth factors, and exosomes.
First, regarding the understanding of gradient characteristics, this paper summarizes the key gradient attributes of natural bone tissue. This covers the geometric structural gradients of macroscopic pore distribution, the material compositional gradients of microscopic matrix variations, and the crosslinking density gradients that determine mechanical properties.
Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic Gradient Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Evolution from Single-Gradient to Multi-Gradient · 2026 · DOIPrevious work on collagen–DNA complexes supports the possibility of intermolecular association, which is thought to involve electrostatic interactions between the positively charged residues of collagen and the phosphate groups of DNA; whether similar interactions contribute to PN retention in the present membrane remains…
Polynucleotide-Incorporated Collagen Membrane Enhances Bone Regeneration in Calvarial Defects of Ovariectomized Rats · 2026 · DOIThe combined use of nucleation models, micellar analysis, advanced characterization, and systematic experimental design will make it possible to establish clearer relationships among synthesis conditions, micellar structure, and the final morphology of HAp, - The CTAB/SDS system represents a promising route for future studies because it makes it possible to evaluate how the relationship between opposite charges…
Review: Surfactants as Strategies for the Dimensional and Morphological Modulation of Hydroxyapatite · 2026 · DOIInvestigating the effects of different processing routes on the physicochemical characteristics and calcium-release behaviour of fish-scale-derived HAp, - Examining the incorporation of Na+ and Mg2+ into Ca sites in fish-scale-derived HAp using complementary techniques such…
Physicochemical Characterisation and Calcium Release Behaviour of Fish-Scale-Derived Hydroxyapatite Nanomaterials · 2026 · DOIMagnetic hydroxyapatite (mHA) nanoparticles possess fascinating and unique properties, which expand their use in several applications, particularly in regenerative medicine, nanomedicine, and precision medicine.
Most-cited papers in Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Bioceramics: From Concept to Clinic · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · 1991 · 4,327 citations
- Self-Assembly and Mineralization of Peptide-Amphiphile Nanofibers · Science · 2001 · 3,506 citations
- Bioceramics · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · 1998 · 2,603 citations
- Third-Generation Biomedical Materials · Science · 2002 · 2,436 citations
- Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration · Dental Materials · 2006 · 2,035 citations
- A Comparative Review of Natural and Synthetic Biopolymer Composite Scaffolds · Polymers · 2021 · 1,032 citations
- Scaffold Fabrication Technologies and Structure/Function Properties in Bone Tissue Engineering · Advanced Functional Materials · 2021 · 841 citations
- Calcium orthophosphates in medicine: from ceramics to calcium phosphate cements · Injury · 2000 · 813 citations
- Guided bone regeneration: materials and biological mechanisms revisited · European Journal Of Oral Sciences · 2017 · 727 citations
- Porous scaffolds for bone regeneration · Journal of Science Advanced Materials and Devices · 2020 · 657 citations
Most recent work
- Designing of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · 2026
- Bone grafts and synthetic substitutes in dental applications: a comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms, materials evolution, and clinical perspective · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · 2026
- Bone Healing Around Implants in Normal and Medically Compromised Conditions: Osteoporosis and Diabetes · Advanced Healthcare Materials · 2026
- Nanostructured Biomaterials for Osteoimmunomodulation: Engineering Macrophage Polarization and Immune Pathways for Bone Regeneration · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · 2026
- Fabrication, Properties, and Applications of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration · Advanced Materials Technologies · 2026
- From bone replacement to regeneration. A biomaterials started journey · Materials Today Bio · 2026
- Biodegradable Natural Polymer‐Based Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Tissue Engineering · Medicinal Research Reviews · 2026
- Recent Advances in Orthopedic Tissue Engineering: Bridging Stem Cells and 3D Printing · Small Structures · 2026
- Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic Gradient Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Evolution from Single-Gradient to Multi-Gradient · Gels · 2026
- Spatiotemporal 4D-printed shape-memory scaffold with a triple-acting liposomal strategy for the treatment of infectious bone defects · Biomaterials · 2026
Find a gap in your own Bone Tissue Engineering Materials sub-topic
This page shows what the Bone Tissue Engineering Materials literature already flags as unresolved. To narrow it to your specific question, search the Research Gap Finder: the search is free with a free account and lists the papers closest to your topic first. Unlocking that topic (50 credits, charged once) fills the comparison table from our 7.9M-paper local library and writes the gaps from its rows.
Open the Research Gap Finder →