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Open research questions in Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure

185 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 749 Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The study faces the challenge of capturing heterogeneous consumer preferences for EV fuel-tax design. The paper must address the issue of tax salience and revenue recycling in the context of EV fuel-tax design. The study needs to account for the complexity of consumer preferences and the trade-offs between different attributes of EV fuel-tax design.

    Consumer Preferences for Electric Vehicle Fuel Taxation: The Role of Revenue Recycling and Tax Salience in South Korea · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a gap in understanding consumer preferences for EV fuel-tax design, particularly with regards to revenue recycling and tax salience. Prior research has focused on tax acceptance, but not specifically on EV fuel-tax design. The study aims to fill this gap by examining consumer preferences for EV fuel-tax design.

    Consumer Preferences for Electric Vehicle Fuel Taxation: The Role of Revenue Recycling and Tax Salience in South Korea · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies the challenge of providing confidence in reaching destinations with acceptable energy reserves and reliable estimated times of arrival in dense metropolitan networks. The paper notes the complexity of interacting factors like traffic, weather, and road geometry in dense metropolitan networks. The study highlights the need for uncertainty-aware and risk-constrained decision support in battery electric vehicle route decision reliability.

    Context-Aware Risk-Constrained Routing for Battery Electric Vehicles: Probabilistic Range and Arrival-Time Assurance in Dense Urban Networks · 2026 · DOI

  • no live route intervention, instrumented driving or passenger experiment was conducted, - the case study evaluates a proposed decision rule offline, - future trials should limit replanning burden, explain uncertainty through a human-machine interface (HMI), and include fail-safe behaviour under missing or delayed information

    Context-Aware Risk-Constrained Routing for Battery Electric Vehicles: Probabilistic Range and Arrival-Time Assurance in Dense Urban Networks · 2026 · DOI

  • Further in-depth consideration of mission profile, - Further in-depth consideration of single vs. fleet costing, - Further in-depth consideration of non-monetary cost elements, - Further in-depth consideration of policy measures

    The Economic Feasibility of Battery Electric Trucks: A Review of the Total Cost of Ownership Estimates · 2025 · DOI

  • The study identifies challenges in forecasting electric vehicle charging demand, including the need for robust and efficient charging infrastructure. The study also identifies challenges in collecting and preprocessing data, including the need for standardisation and encoding. The study notes that the composition of the dataset may limit generalisability to broader populations.

    Forecasting Electric Vehicle Charging Demand in Smart Cities Using Hybrid Deep Learning of Regional Spatial Behaviours · 2025 · DOI

  • the moderate R2 indicates scope for further refinement, - the sample includes participants from diverse demographic backgrounds but may limit generalisability to broader populations, - urban and peri-urban residents are overrepresented in the sample

    Forecasting Electric Vehicle Charging Demand in Smart Cities Using Hybrid Deep Learning of Regional Spatial Behaviours · 2025 · DOI

  • Highly uncertain EV user behavior leads to significantly fluctuating individual EV charging patterns. Individual forecasting is harder than aggregated forecasting due to limited data. Exogenous data, such as weather or calendar, may not improve prediction in individual forecasting.

    Machine Learning-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Demand Forecasting: A Systematized Literature Review · 2025 · DOI

  • Developing new individual forecasters based on new ML paradigms that can manage limited data efficiently - Investigating EV charging demand forecasting within the context of fast chargers

    Machine Learning-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Demand Forecasting: A Systematized Literature Review · 2025 · DOI

  • Dynamic grid simulations could be considered to further assess the impact of BESSs on grid stability. The study could be extended to consider other locations and scenarios. The cost-effectiveness of BESSs for curtailment mitigation could be evaluated in combination with other energy storage technologies.

    Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) Deployed for Photovoltaic Curtailment Mitigation · 2025 · DOI

  • technical challenges persist - economic viability is also sensitive to testing protocols, warranty offerings, and degradation-aware management strategies - latency presents a significant bottleneck

    Advances in Energy Storage, AI Optimisation, and Cybersecurity for Electric Vehicle Grid Integration · 2025 · DOI

  • The paper identifies technical challenges, such as voltage fluctuations, grid instability, and increased energy losses. It highlights economic challenges, including high initial capital costs and the need for standardized battery technologies. The paper also discusses social challenges, including the restricted availability of electric vehicle charging stations during peak hours.

    A Review on the Allocation of Sustainable Distributed Generators with Electric Vehicle Charging Stations · 2024 · DOI

  • The high initial capital costs and the need for standardized battery technologies pose obstacles to the advancement of battery swapping stations - Challenges such as battery ownership, finding compatible batteries, and the complexity of infrastructure interfere with the widespread adoption of battery swapping

    A Review on the Allocation of Sustainable Distributed Generators with Electric Vehicle Charging Stations · 2024 · DOI

  • Existing research on the spatial distribution of EVCSs has provided limited analysis of spatial equity. Studies examining the influence of the built environment on EVCS accessibility are scarce. There is a need to investigate the spatial heterogeneity and non-linear effects of the built environment on EVCS accessibility.

    How Does the Urban Built Environment Affect the Accessibility of Public Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations? A Perspective on Spatial Heterogeneity and a Non-Linear Relationship · 2024 · DOI

  • Integrating EVs efficiently into the grid. Securing the flexibility and stability of the power system. Addressing the research gap in digital twin implementation for EV-based systems.

    Digital Twin System Framework and Implementation for Grid-Integrated Electric Vehicles · 2024 · DOI

  • The uncertainty problem of renewable energy is not well addressed in existing literature. The irregular charging demand of EV is not well modeled in existing literature. The paper identifies the need for a dynamic robust optimization technique to address the uncertainty problem.

    Multi-Regional Integrated Energy Economic Dispatch Considering Renewable Energy Uncertainty and Electric Vehicle Charging Demand Based on Dynamic Robust Optimization · 2024 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the current research, which tends to focus on a singular aspect of EV adoption, such as policy or economic opportunities. It highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of EV adoption in Indonesia, taking into account multiple factors and dimensions.

    Powering Indonesia’s Future: Reviewing the Road to Electric Vehicles Through Infrastructure, Policy, and Economic Growth · 2024 · DOI

  • Limited charging infrastructure - High upfront costs - Consumer perceptions regarding vehicle performance

    Powering Indonesia’s Future: Reviewing the Road to Electric Vehicles Through Infrastructure, Policy, and Economic Growth · 2024 · DOI

  • These estimates rely upon lower usage emissions outweighing higher manufacturing emissions, but limited data on electric vehicle mileage, and how long they last, casts uncertainty over comparisons.

    Real-world mileage and survival of electric vehicles in Britain and implications for lifecycle emissions · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite increased scholarly interest and policy attention, only a few studies have comprehensively analysed how EV expansion contributes to the attainment of SDGs in the Indian context.

    Electric vehicles as a pathway to India’s sustainable development goals · 2026 · DOI

  • While much research has focused on subsidies and technical attributes, few studies have examined the role of environmental perception in shaping consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for EVs.

    Environmental Perception and Willingness to Pay for Electric Vehicles: An Analysis Using the Lens Model · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research could explore the long-term impact of environmental perception and their applicability in broader geographic settings.

    Environmental Perception and Willingness to Pay for Electric Vehicles: An Analysis Using the Lens Model · 2025 · DOI

  • This study addresses the gap in understanding how to optimize India’s EV supply chain to reduce import reliance and align with global best practices.

    Sustainable mobility in India: advancing domestic production in the electric vehicle sector · 2025 · DOI

  • This study addresses the knowledge gap in understanding why heterogeneous EV industrialization strategies emerge under similar technological and environmental pressures.

    The industrial prospect of electric vehicles—time delay stochastic evolutionary game evidence from the U.S., China, the EU, and Japan · 2025 · DOI

  • This paper identifies several constraints in its TCO analysis, including limited data on residual values, variability in discount rates, depreciation costs, and a lack of longitudinal and market data for BETs.

    The Economic Feasibility of Battery Electric Trucks: A Review of the Total Cost of Ownership Estimates · 2025 · DOI

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185 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 749 Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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