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Open research questions in Electrochemical sensors and biosensors

111 gap statements mined from Electrochemical sensors and biosensors papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,899 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The existing methods for the detection and quantification of morphine sulfate have limitations in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. There is a need for a novel electrochemical sensor that can detect and quantify morphine sulfate with high sensitivity and reproducibility.

    Highly sensitive electrochemical detection and quantification of opium derived morphine sulfate using cysteamine loaded MWCNTs@V2O5 telluride composite · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of efficient sensors for the detection of emerging contaminants in environmental matrices. The need for highly sensitive and selective analytical methods for the quantification of multiple analytes.

    Screen-printed electrodes modified with MOF(Cu-TPA) and activated charcoal for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of emerging pollutants · 2026 · DOI

  • The previous understanding of the oxidation mechanisms of SDZ and CAR was incorrect. The paper aims to fill this gap by providing a revised understanding of the electro-oxidation process.

    Correction to: Screen-printed electrodes modified with MOF(Cu-TPA) and activated charcoal for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of emerging pollutants · 2026 · DOI

  • The determination of epinephrine in the presence of acetaminophen is a challenging task. Prior methods for the determination of epinephrine have limitations.

    Synthesis of NiO nanostructures as electrode materials for the voltammetric determination of epinephrine in the presence of acetaminophen · 2026 · DOI

  • Enzyme degradation and oxygen dependence remain major limitations for long-term operation. The choice between blood and ISF sampling is primarily dictated by the clinical informativeness of temporal resolution. The physiological turnover and pharmacokinetic dynamics of the target molecule can affect the sampling strategy.

    Electrochemical biosensing across microsampled blood and interstitial fluid for metabolic, hormonal, and therapeutic monitoring · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for faster and more accurate methods to detect glucose levels. Current glucose sensors may have limitations in terms of sensitivity and stability.

    Exploring the binary non-enzymatic composite of ZnO/Fe2O3 for chemi-capacitive glucose sensing · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a sensitive and portable method for the determination of TBHQ in food samples. The existing methods are not suitable for the detection of TBHQ in food samples due to their low sensitivity and selectivity.

    Edible Oils and Canned Food as Matrices for Rapid Sensing of Tert-butylhydroquinone using Screen-Printed Electrode Modified with Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles Anchored on a Carbon Black · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional enzymatic sensors have limitations, such as sensitivity to environmental conditions and gradual degradation of enzyme activity. Enzyme-free approaches are needed to overcome these limitations.

    Synergistic Enhancement of Glucose Sensing via Copper Nanowire-biochar Nanocomposites · 2026 · DOI

  • The optimisation of nanostructure morphology and dimensions for enzymatic glucose biosensors is an incompletely explored area. There is a need to investigate the effect of gold nanorod dimensions on the electrochemical performance of biosensors.

    The effect of gold nanorod dimensions on the electrochemical performance of an enzymatic glucose biosensor · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the detection of 4-aminophenol. The lack of a simple and rapid method for the detection of 4-aminophenol in pharmaceutical and environmental applications.

    Specific Electrochemical Sensing of 4-Aminophenol Using a Graphene Oxide/Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposites Material for Pharmaceutical and Environmental Applications · 2026 · DOI

  • Conventional microbial assessment techniques provide only an indirect reflection of microbial growth. There is a lack of technologies capable of directly interpreting metabolic processes to achieve a comprehensive activity assessment. Existing methods fail to reveal the dynamic evolution of microbial viability in response to environmental stimuli or pharmacological interventions.

    Self-Healing Bilayer Hydrogel Solid-State Electrochemical Platform: Time-Resolved In Situ Dynamic Monitoring of Escherichia coli Activity · 2026 · DOI

  • Structural instability is a primary challenge in sensor development. Selectivity is a major challenge due to interfering substances. The lack of standardized interference testing protocols limits reproducibility.

    Trends in developing nanoparticle-enhanced electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: a review · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of standardized interference testing protocols is a significant research gap. The development of nanomaterial-enhanced electrochemical sensors faces challenges in selectivity, stability, and large-scale manufacturing.

    Trends in developing nanoparticle-enhanced electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: a review · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a sensitive and environmentally friendly method for the determination of Mirabegron. The existing methods may not be sensitive enough or may use harmful chemicals.

    Eco-friendly electrochemical innovative method depending on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/sugar polymer/zinc oxide nanoparticles carbon paste for the determination of urogenital drug mirabegron in dosage form and spiked human plasma · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research will focus on controlling the construction of multiple-material composite interfaces, jointly optimizing signal transduction, and testing performance in real-world applications such as clinical point-of-care testing and wearable health monitoring, thereby driving the development of biosensor technology with improved precision, integration and intelligence.

    Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks, Nanomaterials, and Graphene in Biosensors: From Individual Properties to Synergistic Integration · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a sensitive and selective method for the detection of gliclazide and glibenclamide. The existing methods for the detection of gliclazide and glibenclamide have limitations.

    Electrochemical detection of gliclazide and glibenclamide on metal organic framework/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite modified screen printed electrode · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a sensitive and reliable method for detecting DOX. Current methods for detecting DOX have limitations in terms of sensitivity and reliability.

    Zn-Ni metal-organic framework nanosheets@graphene oxide nanocomposite: A promising voltammetric platform for sensitive determination of doxorubicin · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies can investigate the experimental implementation of the proposed device. Research can focus on optimizing the geometrical parameters for improved sensitivity and selectivity. The device can be explored for other biosensing and bio-detection applications.

    Impact of geometrical parameters on sensitivity and selectivity in InGaN notch-engineered AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT biosensor · 2026 · DOI

  • To explore the potential applications of the sensor in other fields.

    Highly sensitive electrochemical detection and quantification of opium derived morphine sulfate using cysteamine loaded MWCNTs@V2O5 telluride composite · 2026 · DOI

  • The future development of biosensors will likely be heavily impacted by advances in nanotechnology, synthetic biology, protein engineering, microfluidics, wearable electronics, and artificial intelligence. Combining biosensors with artificial intelligence and data analysis tools will enable the creation of smart diagnostic systems and personalized health monitoring.

    Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in Biosensors for Monitoring and Diagnostics · 2026 · DOI

  • Emerging directions include hybrid systems that merge electrochemical detection with complementary modalities. Multi-analyte platforms that capture metabolic interdependence. Closed-loop approaches coupling biochemical readout with automated intervention.

    Electrochemical biosensing across microsampled blood and interstitial fluid for metabolic, hormonal, and therapeutic monitoring · 2026 · DOI

  • Looking forward future research on gold functionalized carbon-based materials should focus on (1) developing multiplexed biosensors capable of detecting multiple analytes simultaneously, (2) exploring sustainable and cost-effective and scalable functionalization methods without compromising performance and (3) testing these materials on real samples and large-scale field trials to accelerate transition from lab…

    Biosensing applications of gold-functionalized carbon-based composites · 2026 · DOI

  • The exploration of the potential of MnO2@NiO nanocomposite in other sensing applications. The development of more sensitive and reliable glucose sensors using MnO2@NiO nanocomposite. The investigation of the long-term stability and selectivity of the MnO2@NiO modified electrode.

    Synthesis and characterization of MnO2@NiO nanocomposite as an electrocatalyst for enzyme-free glucose sensing applications · 2026 · DOI

  • Further exploration of the potential of MOF(Cu-TPA) and activated charcoal for the modification of screen-printed electrodes. Evaluation of the sensor's performance in different environmental matrices. Development of similar platforms for the detection of other emerging contaminants.

    Screen-printed electrodes modified with MOF(Cu-TPA) and activated charcoal for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of emerging pollutants · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of more sensitive and selective electrochemical methods for the determination of TBHQ. The application of the method for the detection of TBHQ in other types of food samples. The comparison of the method with other existing methods.

    Edible Oils and Canned Food as Matrices for Rapid Sensing of Tert-butylhydroquinone using Screen-Printed Electrode Modified with Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles Anchored on a Carbon Black · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Electrochemical sensors and biosensors

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a need for a novel electrochemical sensor that can detect and quantify morphine sulfate with high sensitivity and reproducibility (“Highly sensitive electrochemical detection and quantification of opium derived…”, 2026); (2) The lack of efficient sensors for the detection of emerging contaminants in environmental matrices (“Screen-printed electrodes modified with MOF(Cu-TPA) and activated charcoal for…”, 2026); (3) There is a need for faster and more accurate methods to detect glucose levels (“Exploring the binary non-enzymatic composite of ZnO/Fe2O3 for chemi-capacitive…”, 2026); (4) There is a need for a sensitive and portable method for the determination of TBHQ in food samples (“Edible Oils and Canned Food as Matrices for Rapid Sensing of…”, 2026); (5) Enzyme-free approaches are needed to overcome these limitations (“Synergistic Enhancement of Glucose Sensing via Copper Nanowire-biochar…”, 2026). 111 gap statements have been mined from Electrochemical sensors and biosensors papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,899 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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