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Open research questions in Feminism, Gender, and Sexuality Studies

29 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 2,449 Feminism, Gender, and Sexuality Studies papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • and Proposals Based on the aforementioned findings, the researcher proposes the following recom- mendations to the Algerian legislator and judi- cial authorities: ● Avoidance of Mandatory Penalties: We recommend abstaining from enacting mandatory chemical castration as a criminal penalty in response to populist or public pressure. Such a move would entail significant constitutional risks that conflict with the fundamental rights www.lawandworld.ge #37, March, 2026LAW AND WORLD enshrined in the Algerian Constitution and international conventions; ● Establishment of a Voluntary Legal Framework: Should the legislator con- sider this path, it must be within a strictly limited and optional framework. Chem- ical castration should only be offered as a voluntary, temporary therapeutic alternative and a condition for parole, provided it is requested by the convict freely and after exhausting other reha- bilitative means; ● Mandatory Informed Consent: A pre- requisite for any pharmacological in- tervention must be the explicit, written, and informed consent of the individual. This consent should only be valid after a comprehensive clinical briefing and the approval of a sworn psychiatrist, with the offender retaining the right to with- draw from treatment at any time without additional penal consequences; ● Judicial Oversight and Due Process: Any decision to apply this measure must be based on a final judicial verdict, support- 99 ed by independent medical and psycho- logical reports proving the danger of re- cidivism. Robust mechanisms for appeal and periodic judicial review must be available before a competent court; ● Formation of a Multi-disciplinary Over- sight Commission: We propose the cre- ation of an independent Medio-Judicial Committee comprising specialists (Psy- chiatrists, Urologists, Endocrinologists), legal experts, and human rights repre- sentatives. This commission would be tasked with evaluating cases, supervis- ing the implementation, and submitting periodic reports to the judiciary; ● Adherence to International Standards and Transparency: Any legislation concerning chemical castration must demonstrate absolute compliance with the Convention Against Torture and the ICCPR. Transparency must be main- tained through the publication of peri- odic reports accessible to international human rights mechanisms and the na- tional public. REFERENCES: Scholarly Literature: Abdul Ghani, K. (2019). The general theory of punishment in criminal law: A study in the philosophical and functional foun- dations of punishment and precau- tionary measures. Dar al-Fikr al-Jamaii. [in Arabic]; Abu al-Khair, S. (2021). Precautionary meas- ures in contemporary criminal policy: A study in concept, legal nature, and practical effects.

    The Legal Dilemma of Chemical Castration in Algeria: Balancing Criminal Legality and Human Dignity Amidst Legislative Silence · 2026 · DOI

  • More specifically, it brings to the fore misinterpretations of social reproduction feminism by care ethics scholars while addressing underexplored dimensions within social reproduction feminism itself, including the role of affect in care labour, and Marx's concept of social relations of production.

    Towards a critique of care fetishism: Social reproduction feminism and the ethics of care · 2025 · DOI

  • We conclude that the IUD program in Kalaallit Nunaat has led to “the loss of a generation of children” and that it should be examined under the auspices of genocide.

    Colonial Reproductive Coercion and Control in Kalaallit Nunaat: Racism in Denmark’s IUD Program · 2025 · DOI

  • In this article, we go beyond some well-argued and thought-provoking elaboration and critique of the concept of gendercide to further inquire: what claims should be secured to establish a solid theoretical base for further research on the elimination of fetuses and bodies with female genitals? By building on – in empirical terms – the case of India, our suggested answer to this question rests on two main arguments.

    (Re)sketching the theorizing around “missing women”: imageries of the future, resistance, and materializing aspects of gender · 2021 · DOI

  • 883/03 provides some improvement with regard to the first category, namely workers interrupting work because of child-rearing, a great deal remains to be done.

    The (IN)Visibility of Gender in the New Regulation · 2005 · DOI

  • Despite the explicit criminalization, very few trials are known from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and the new National Law Code of 1734 contained no sanction at all.

    State Policy, Popular Discourse, and the Silence on Homosexual Acts in Early Modern Sweden · 1998 · DOI

  • Both aspects remain to be explored in order to understand the ways in which these circumstances were interpreted by the criminal legal system, as well as the institu- tional violence to which women were subjected by medical staff, law enforcement agents, and judicial officers.

    Criminalising the Vulnerable: Marginalisation and Precarity in the Lives of Women Prosecuted for Perinatal Deaths in Argentina · 2026 · DOI

  • Finally, the paper indicates why a qualified moral conservatism, also with regard to sexual morality, is warranted if the very notion of morality is given due consideration.

    H.L.A. Hart on Legal Moralism and Social Morality · 2024 · DOI

  • As an alternative, I counterpose the understudied thought of Marxist feminist Alexandra Kollontai, and, specifically, her model of universal state provision and the socialisation of care.

    Feminism beyond welfare: care, socialisation and the politics of the state · 2024 · DOI

  • To successfully fight attacks on bodily autonomy, social workers would benefit from applying an intersectional and rights-based, reproductive justice theoretical framework that blends under-explored theories of state violence: biopolitics, necropolitics, and debility.

    Reproductive Justice, Bodily Autonomy, and State Violence · 2024 · DOI

  • Kukla, Emily Owens, and Carole Pateman, the article demonstrates that current concepts of consent are insufficient to address situations of deep structural inequalities, such as those foundational to Springora’s relationship with the writer Gabriel Matzneff.

    The Ambivalence of Consent* · 2023 · DOI

  • Forced marriage as an international crime remains controversial because it (i) is not codified in any international criminal statute, (ii) involves conduct overlapping with already-enumerated crimes against humanity and (iii) is inconsistently defined.

    Ending Impunity for Forced Marriage in Conflict Zones · 2021 · DOI

  • The increase in the nonreligious notwithstanding, little is known about the beliefs, values, and practices of the nonreligious and what might generally entail a “worldview” commonly understood as nonreligion.

    Nonreligion as a Substantial Category in Canadian Law · 2020 · DOI

  • The limited literature on paedophile hunters, which documents their emergence in contemporary liberal democracies, pays scant attention to how their use of intrusive investigative methods may threaten the procedural rights of suspects and undermine the integrity of the criminal justice system.

    ‘Paedophile Hunters’, Criminal Procedure, and Fundamental Human Rights · 2020 · DOI

  • His anthropological studies of women are full of cutting remarks, and despite a generation of feminist Kantian scholarship, it is an open question whether he meant to include women as full, equal agents in either his moral or political philosophy.

    Domestic Labor, Citizenship, and Exceptionalism: Rethinking Kant's “Woman Problem” · 2015 · DOI

  • Finally, the article identifies the areas in which further research on gender and inheritance is warranted, hopefully spurring greater interest and developments in the field.

    The Gendered Dimensions of Inheritance: Empirical Food for Legal Thought · 2010 · DOI

  • In each case her argument either begs important questions about same-sex marriage or else relies on insufficient evidence to justify excluding a vulnerable minority group from participating in a state-sponsored social institution.

    Five Reasons why Margaret Somerville is Wrong about Same-Sex Marriage and the Rights of Children · 2009 · DOI

  • Nevertheless, proponents of gay marriage have not yet fully explored the religious discrimination inherent in public policies that embrace this sectarian definition of marriage.

    Gay Marriage as a Religious Right: Reframing the Legal Debate over Gay Marriage in the United States · 2008 · DOI

  • A less extreme version would also abolish official marriage, but at the same time recognize the legal status of "civil unions," whose availability and meaning would remain to be decided.

    Privatizing Marriage · 2008 · DOI

  • The interest in understanding and analyzing the situation of native women within the penal process is recent and seems to be limited by the inordinate attention paid by researchers to the overrepresentation of native women.

    Les femmes autochtones et la justice pénale · 2005 · DOI

  • However, despite an outpouring of literature advocating same-sex marriage, the evidence that legalizing same-sex marriage or some equivalent status would effect an overall improvement in the institution of marriage or in society is lacking.

    "Multiply and Replenish": Considering Same-Sex Marriage in Light of State Interests in Marital Procreation · 2001

  • In particular, I examine the gender‐neutral assumptions within family law in Australia and elsewhere in the light of seemingly contradictory evidence about the value of post‐separation fathering.

    Child‐focused Parenting after Separation: Socio‐legal Developments and Challenges · 2000 · DOI

  • 'In Glanville's time, in the twelfth century, one-third of a husband's personal estate was the "wife's part" and one-third the "children's part", the husband's power of testation being limited to the remaining one-third when there were wife and children.

    Inter Vivos Transfers in Violation of the Rights of Surviving Spouses · 1949

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29 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 2,449 Feminism, Gender, and Sexuality Studies papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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