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Open research questions in Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis

2,051 gap statements mined from Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 18,660 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • There is a lack of studies addressing mental health disorders in the prison environment, especially among women prisoners. The study aims to fill this gap by identifying factors associated with the intake of psychotropic medication in prison.

    Mental health of female prisoners in Spain: vulnerabilities and challenges in prison environments · 2026 · DOI

  • Technological deprivation, including limited access to devices and unstable connectivity, poses a significant challenge to incarcerated students’ participation in ODeL. Institutional misrecognition and exclusion from participatory decision-making also constrain meaningful participation. The study highlights the need for adequate support and resources to address these challenges.

    Digital Stratification in Carceral Higher Education: Justice, Governance and the Limits of Open Distance e-Learning in South African Correctional Facilities · 2026 · DOI

  • This paper addresses the gap in research by using a systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) to identify and quantify where studies have been conducted, what methodologies were used, what studies have examined, and what is known that could inform policy, practice, and future research.

    Experiences of older people during re-entry from prison – an exploration of current research using a systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) · 2026 · DOI

  • However, statistics regarding support for parole among the Canadian public are out of date and research identifying factors influencing support for parole in Canada is lacking.

    Factors influencing support for parole in Canada: beliefs about crime and people who commit crime are more important than demographics · 2026 · DOI

  • A major cause of this is the country’s continued shift for more punitive and harsh consequences to crime, despite the lack of evidence to support its overall improvement in crime prevention.

    An integrative model of individual differences and attitudes on policy support: the psychology of hardline penal policy preferences in the United States · 2026 · DOI

  • Sex offender registration and notification (SORN) policies affect not only the individuals required to register but also their families, yet their experiences remain underexplored.

    ‘Anything meaningful is just a dream’: perceived disruption of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs among female partners and mothers affected by sex offender registration and notification · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should examine its relevance across different institutions, individuals in different security levels, and inmates from other cultural or institutional contexts.

    Development and validation of the Sources of Stress and Unease in Incarcerated Individuals Scale (SSUIS): a psychometric instrument for assessing inmate stressors in correctional settings. An exploratory study · 2026 · DOI

  • Little is known about its use following recent reforms and COVID-19 challenges, and its association with in-custody deaths.

    The use of solitary confinement and in-custody mortality in North Carolina State Prisons, 2021–2023 · 2025 · DOI

  • While some of these orientations have been analyzed, others remain underexplored, and to date, very few studies have examined multivariate predictors of these judgments toward PREA.

    A multivariate examination of correctional population orientations toward the Prison Rape Elimination Act · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite research investigating the many issues that wrongfully convicted individuals experience post-release, little is known about how they might redefine their traumatic experiences to cope with their new routines.

    ‘I made it home and i’m flourishing’: qualitative interviews investigating post-traumatic growth among the Ohio innocence project’s freed clients & exonerees · 2025 · DOI

  • These spaces are marked by neglect: mattresses are exposed to mold, infections spread rampantly, and food and water are scarce resources.

    Exploring prison through memory: Stories from a women's prison in Beirut · 2025 · DOI

  • One under-researched area within corrections is the connection among (a) past adverse events, particularly in the form of injustices against those who now are incarcerated, (b) crimes committed and then (c) healing from the effects of that past adversity of injustice.

    Examining the Past Injustices Suffered by Those in Corrections and the General Public: A New Therapeutic Approach May Be Necessary · 2024 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the literature on the relationship between fines and fees and the characteristics of neighborhoods.- The study highlights the need for further research on the topic of predatory debt from fines.

    Cuando las piedras sangran: la dualidad racial de la deuda predatoria por multas · 2026 · DOI

  • Latino men are disproportionately affected by DUI arrests and alcohol-related harms in California, yet little is known about how they themselves understand and navigate life after a DUI.

    LATINO MEN’S EXPERIENCE OF DUI CONVICTION IN IMPERIAL COUNTY: A NARRATIVE THEORY APPROACH · 2026

  • With regards to the latter, further research is needed to develop an intervention to address dual harm, combining the principles discussed above, and explore its ability to improve outcomes for people in prison.

    Exploring the life stories of young adult men in prison with a history of dual harm · 2026 · DOI

  • Public prosecutors must integrate diverse perspectives and specializations to remain effective.

    Prosecuting Crime, Pursuing Justice: Work Experiences of Public Prosecutors · 2026 · DOI

  • Family systems theory suggests that maternal incarceration may drastically alter family life for marginalized children, but little is known about how children's care arrangements change during and after maternal incarceration versus other forms of criminal legal system (CLS) involvement.

    Care Arrangements for Children Exposed to Maternal Incarceration: Evidence From Wisconsin · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies can build on the current study's findings to develop targeted interventions for juvenile offenders. Future research can investigate the longitudinal effects of belief in a just world and self-control ability on juvenile offenders' outcomes.

    Are juvenile offenders psychologically different from juvenile criminals? A preliminary investigation · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to examine the psychological differences among subgroups of juvenile offenders. The current study aims to address this gap by investigating the hypothesis that juvenile offenders and juvenile criminals exhibit psychological differences.

    Are juvenile offenders psychologically different from juvenile criminals? A preliminary investigation · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of inclusivity in the IPC. The archaic clauses in the IPC. The need for a more modern and effective framework for criminal law.

    “A Critical Comparison of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and the Indian Penal Code, 1860: Continuities, Contrasts, and Challenges” · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of police awareness and inconsistent document recognition. The enforcement of the BNS may be more difficult due to these limitations.

    “A Critical Comparison of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and the Indian Penal Code, 1860: Continuities, Contrasts, and Challenges” · 2026 · DOI

  • The US has the highest incarceration rate in the world; incarceration's direct and indirect toll on the health and health care use of youth is rarely investigated.

    Pediatric Health and System Impacts of Mass Incarceration, 2009–2020: A Matched Cohort Study · 2024 · DOI

  • The study only examined the experiences of older women in Thailand. The sample size was limited to 18 currently or formerly imprisoned women and 20 prison staff.

    From Criminalisation to Release: Older Women’s Journeys Through Imprisonment in Thailand · 2026 · DOI

  • Utilizing an ecological system perspective, the study highlights the myriad of reintegration challenges faced by family members at re-entry, identifying gaps in understanding the reintegration challenges for male family members, particularly fathers, husbands, and sons.

    An integrative review on the reintegration challenges for family members of formerly incarcerated individuals · 2025 · DOI

  • Children of incarcerated substance-abusing mothers represent a profoundly vulnerable yet under-researched population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

    Mothering from the margins: lived experiences of incarcerated substance-abusing mothers and the developmental risks faced by their children in Sri Lanka · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a lack of studies addressing mental health disorders in the prison environment, especially among women prisoners (“Mental health of female prisoners in Spain: vulnerabilities and challenges in…”, 2026); (2) Statistics regarding support for parole among the Canadian public are out of date and research identifying factors influencing support for parole in Canada is lacking (“Factors influencing support for parole in Canada: beliefs about crime and…”, 2026); (3) A major cause of this is the country’s continued shift for more punitive and harsh consequences to crime, despite the lack of evidence to support its overall improvement in crime prevention (“An integrative model of individual differences and attitudes on policy support:…”, 2026); (4) Sex offender registration and notification (SORN) policies affect not only the individuals required to register but also their families, yet their experiences remain underexplored (“‘Anything meaningful is just a dream’: perceived disruption of Maslow’s…”, 2026); (5) Future research should examine its relevance across different institutions, individuals in different security levels, and inmates from other cultural or institutional contexts (“Development and validation of the Sources of Stress and Unease in Incarcerated…”, 2026). 2,051 gap statements have been mined from Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 18,660 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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