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Open research questions in Global Energy Security and Policy

27 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,340 Global Energy Security and Policy papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • 2023. Kalyuzhnova, Y. (2019). The Economics and Politics of Central Asian Energy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429323293 Kleveman, L. (2003). The New Great Game: Blood and Oil In Central Asia. Atlantic Monthly Press. Lanteigne, M. (2022). Russia’s Energy Pivot to Asia: Drivers and Implications. Asia Policy, 17(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1353/asp.2022.0015 Li, N., & Shapiro, J. S. (2021). The Environmental Bias of Trade Policy. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19(5), 2667–2704. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvab017 Mitrova, T. (2018). Russian Energy Strategy: Challenges and Opportunities. Energy Policy, 120, 537–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.05.045 National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). (2020). China’s Carbon Neutrality Target. https://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/202012/t20201230_1245225.html National Energy Administration. (2021). China Energy Statistical Yearbook 2021. Beijing: National Energy Administration. Nikitin, M., & Sharif, M. (2020). The Emerging China-Russia Energy Corridor: Opportunities and Challenges. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(4), 455-463. Pettit, T. J., Croxton, K. L., & Fiksel, J. (2019). The evolution of resilience in supply chain management: A retrospective on ensuring supply chain resilience. Journal of Business Logistics, 40(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12202 Peyrouse, S. (2009a). The Central Asian Energy Chessboard: Eurasian Regional Rivalry and Great Power Politics. Russian Analytical Digest, (63), 2–5. Peyrouse, S. (2009b). The Energy Factor in Central Asia. Problems of Post-Communism, 56(6), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.2753/PPC1075-821656060 Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: John Murray. Rodrigue, J.-P. (2020). The Geography of Transport Systems (5th ed.). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429346323 Rolland, N. (2017). China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Underwhelming or Game-Changer? The Washington Quarterly, 40(1), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2017.1302743 Sheffi, Y. (2015). The Power of Resilience: How the Best Companies Manage the Unexpected. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi / 26 / 1 / 22-42 41 Şakar, İ. Sovacool, B. K. (2011). Energy Security: The Externalities, Vulnerabilities, and Societal Costs of Energy 127–162.

    Transformation in Global Energy Trade: The China–Russia–Central Asia Corridor as a New Energy Logistics Axis · 2026 · DOI

  • (2023). hydrogen. Energies, 16(437). Ajanovic, A., & Haas, R. (2021). On the future prospects of hydrogen and fuel cells in transport. Energies, 14(4823). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164823 Aklin, M., & Urpelainen, J. (2018). Renewable energy: Politics, policies, and prospects for sustainability. MIT Press. Year XXVIII no.

    Energy Security and Green Transition in Times of Economic Turmoil: Comparative Insights from Romania and Spain · 2026 · DOI

  • Second, although the EU issued a joint declaration with Central Asian countries to enhance CRM cooperation, the extent to which this initiative will contribute to regional integration remains uncertain, especially given that the EU has simultaneously pursued bilateral agreements with individual states.

    A Silver Lining or Wishful Thinking? Central Asia in the EU’s Critical Raw Materials Strategy · 2026 · DOI

  • Across the European Union, output is set to increase by more than 2% in 2021, due primarily to higher electricity demand in France and a new reactor in Slovakia, but this increase is insufficient to make up for the drop in 2020.

    Long-term EU energy dependence on Russia and its transformation after 2022 · 2026 · DOI

  • While extensive literature has addressed EU–Russia energy ties, the mechanisms through which geopolitical shocks reshape energy policies – particularly the interplay between securitisation, diversification, and strategic leadership – remain insufficiently theorised.

    The Geopolitical Energy Transition Between Russia and the EU (2014–2024): An Analysis of Germany’s Role in Reshaping Energy Security After the Ukraine Crisis · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the second case reveals that the open EU legal framework on the member states’ choice of nuclear energy cooperatives is a notable limitation to Europeanization due to the tendency for interests in national foreign policy and domestic politics – both performed by the government – to drift away from general EU values.

    Slovenia as a Stress Test of the EU’s External Dimension of Energy Policy. Case Studies of Russian and American Influence · 2022 · DOI

  • In order to successfully carry out the abovementioned basic principles, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of threats to energy supply security, and the specifics of counteraction should be examined within the framework of prevention and combating of crimes, in order to contribute to economic development.

    Issues of Latvian Energy Supply Security: Evaluation of Criminal Offences in Latvia’s Electricity Market · 2016 · DOI

  • 21 There are some recent proposals to connect the grids of individual Eastern European countries, such as the Hungarian 'New European Transmission System' initiative, but it remains to be seen how…

    EU–Russian Energy Relations after the 2004/2007 EU Enlargement: An EU Perspective · 2010 · DOI

  • Even with financial incentives tied to specific deadlines to put new facilities in service, such as those used in FERC's emergency orders, improvements in energy infrastructure under current policies are insufficient to effectuate real change.

    Misguided Energy: Why Recent Legislative, Regulatory, and Market Initiatives are Insufficient to Improve the U.S. Energy Infrastructure · 2007

  • Future research should explore regional pilot projects and assess the long-term economic impacts of green hydrogen adoption, particularly its role in decarbonization and energy export diversication.

    Critical Examination and Assessment of Government Policies on Green Hydrogen: Entrepreneurial Challenges in Renewable Energy Sector · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on expanding the scope to include additional economic and so- cial dimensions and offer a more holistic understanding of the sustainability – economic secu- rity nexus.

    Energy Security and Sustainable Development of the Energy Sector: Comparative Analysis of the Visegrad Group Countries · 2026 · DOI

  • Although the number of econometric analyses related to the renewable energy sector in Azerbaijan is increasing, studies on nonparametric dimensionality reduction are rather sparse.

    Dimensionality reduction analysis of the renewable energy sector in Azerbaijan: nonparametric analyses of large datasets · 2024 · DOI

  • Firms’ reliance on energy is a critical issue that affects all economies, regardless of ideology, yet their preferences for public spending in the energy sector remain underexplored.

    What drives firms’ intention to prioritise public spending in the energy sector?: evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia · 2024 · DOI

  • Abstract Although energy supply security is an important long-term goal of the eu , member states are in control over external supplies and their domestic energy mix, and an overarching institutional structure is lacking.

    The eu-Energy Security and Geopolitical Economy · 2018 · DOI

  • Abstract Interest in energy transitions has accelerated in recent years due to rising concerns about global warming and resource scarcity, but the drivers of these phenomena are not well understood.

    A FAREWELL TO KING COAL: GEOPOLITICS, ENERGY SECURITY, AND THE TRANSITION TO OIL, 1898–1917 · 2018 · DOI

  • Although the emergence of new industries is often attributed to state support, little is known about the conditions under which an emergent category of organizations comes to receive state support in the first place.

    Shine on Me: Industry Coherence and Policy Support for Emerging Industries · 2018 · DOI

  • It remains to be seen whether the policy of dominating the Gulf and its energy resources by stationing large military force will succeed or further add to the sense of insecurity.

    Energy Insecurity and Military Misadventures in the Persian Gulf Region · 2007 · DOI

  • As long as capacities are limited to the use of available hydrocarbon feedstocks and do not generate extra raw material demand, the banning of petrochemical plants from the area would hardly seem rational.

    Issues in Soviet energy policy and conflicts over fuel costs in regional development · 1971 · DOI

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27 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,340 Global Energy Security and Policy papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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