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Open research questions in Global Peace and Security Dynamics

63 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 3,043 Global Peace and Security Dynamics papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • GAO-25-107077, at 14 (documenting State and DoD interpretation of "assistance" as limited to appropriated grant funds, excluding FMS/DCS from Leahy vetting requirements).

    Selling Arms, Waiving Rights: The Structural Failure of US Human Rights Law in Weapons Transfers · 2026 · DOI

  • Consequently, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that all internationally wrongful acts committed by the M23 are attributable to Rwanda. While in certain specific incidents the depth of the relationship between the M23 and Rwanda may render it possible that even this high threshold is satisfied, there is insufficient evidence to support such a conclusion for the conflict as a whole.

    Questions of Attribution in the Conflict of Eastern Congo · 2026 · DOI

  • Even after twenty years of the formal introduction of the R2P principle and its almost universal acceptance in the UN General Assembly, its individual components remain unclear and inconclusive, primarily from a legal perspective.

    SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT: CAN THE PRINCIPLE ˝R2P˝ REINFORCE PRE-EXISTING OBLIGATIONS OF STATES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW? · 2026 · DOI

  • in IRE 1717801 ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS 1271 © MAY 2026 | IRE Journals | Volume 9 Issue 11 | ISSN: 2456-8880 DOI…

    The Responsibility to Protect (R2P): An Analysis of the Libya Intervention (2011) · 2026 · DOI

  • It frames the European Ombudsman as a promising, but underexplored, avenue to contest the employment of EU funds in this contest, albeit acknowledging limitations linked to the lack of enforcement powers.

    Fostering Accountability for Human Rights Violations in EU Border Externalization Through the European Ombudsman: The Case of Contesting Financial Support to the Libyan Coast Guard · 2025 · DOI

  • Twenty years after the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC or Court) entered into force, the ICC’s role in preventing atrocity crimes remains controversial, with skeptics arguing that it is unrealistic, pessimists that it overlooks the potential of the Court to escalate conflicts, and optimists contending that it can work for both government and rebel leaders.

    Casting a shadow over war zones? Hard truths about the ICC’s efforts to deter wartime atrocities · 2023 · DOI

  • The article provides a definition and philosophical justifications for this legal duty that are lacking in the literature by examining its application to a current COVID-19 controversy: namely, states’ responsibility to assist other countries in greater need by, inter alia, exporting at a discount or donating scarce COVID-19 treatments (including vaccines).

    Multilateralism and the Global Co-Responsibility of Care in Times of a Pandemic: The Legal Duty to Cooperate · 2023 · DOI

  • The Dutch NAP has not been studied yet, although it is built on a strong relationship between the state and civil society organizations, the latter being partners and signatories of the NAP.

    Unpacking the making of National Action Plans: governmentality, security, and race in the Dutch implementation of UNSCR 1325 · 2022 · DOI

  • While the UN and its affiliated agencies, such as the World Health Organization, are still able to foster cooperation, their success is limited by the organization's inability to establish some form of authority and command.

    The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Passing the COVID Test? · 2020 · DOI

  • Nearly two decades after the adoption of these instruments, however, remarkably little is known about whether states parties have implemented UNTOC and its protocols in their national legislation, whether they enforce such legislation, and whether they make use of UNTOC's provisions concerning international cooperation (e.

    The Creation of a Review Mechanism for the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and Its Protocols · 2020 · DOI

  • Limited by the fact
\nthat the ICC only has jurisdiction in Bangladesh as a member to the Rome Statue, and therefore
\ncannot prosecute crimes committed solely in Myanmar, the ruling at least creates an inroad for
\naccountability by determining the commission of atrocities and attributing blame.

    Transcending the Double-Bind of Humanitarian Intervention: The Costs of Action and Inaction · 2019 · DOI

  • How did the global Responsibility to Protect become a legitimising vehicle for regime change in Libya? Many analyses have concentrated on implementation mistakes and failures, but the militarisation of morality and its transformation into an element legitimising warfare has not been systematically studied.

    Morality as a Catalyst for Violence: Responsibility to Protect and Regime Change in Libya · 2019 · DOI

  • While finding new materialism arguments largely convincing, the case study encourages a note of caution and proposes the notion of ‘materialism+’, which allows for the further investigation of the human/non-human interface, but is circumspect about tendencies towards neophilia, dematerialism, and posthumanism.

    A material turn in International Relations: the 4x4, intervention and resistance · 2017 · DOI

  • With respect to the first point, the evidence presented in this article suggests that the manner in which R2P has been employed by the Security Council during this period evidences three key trends: first, a willingness to invoke R2P only in the context of Pillar I; second, a pronounced lack of consensus surrounding Pillar III; and third, the persistent prioritisation of national interests over humanitarian concerns.

    Assessing the influence of the Responsibility to Protect on the UN Security Council during the Arab Spring · 2015 · DOI

  • Drawing on direct field examples in two countries only very rarely examined--Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan--this paper explores MSF's attempts to offer live-saving medical care there.

    Humanitarian agencies and authoritarian states: A symbiotic relationship? · 2013 · DOI

  • Although authoritative statistics are scarce, anecdotal evidence suggests that aid workers face life-threatening risks that are exacerbated by the growing number of humanitarian organisations operating in the field, the diversity of their mandates, the lack of common professional security standards, and limited success in inter-agency security coordination.

    Understanding the security management practices of humanitarian organizations · 2008 · DOI

  • Thomas Weiss defends cosmopolitan force and cautions that the real problem is not to be found in the lack of guidelines but instead in the lack of political will to motivate humanitarian interventions, though he warns against the increasing use of cosmopolitan arguments as a cover for pre-emptive warfare.

    Roundtable: Humanitarian Intervention After 9/11 · 2005 · DOI

  • INTRODUCTION When representatives of fifty countries assembled in San Francisco in 1945 to draw up the United Nations Charter, modern threats of terrorism such as those posed by the Al Qaeda terrorist network were not yet known.

    AMERICA'S NEW WAR ON TERROR: THECASE FOR SELF-DEFENSE UNDERINTERNATIONAL LAW · 2001

  • But debate over how this should be done reveals how little is known at international level about ways in which juvenile justice or truth-telling procedures can help heal children exposed to or involved in armed conflict, and how these processes can be structured to help children rejoin and participate in civilian life.

    The Protection of Children and the Quest for Truth and Justice in Sierra Leone · 2001

  • Whereas there has been a general crystallization of world public opinion on the UN-OAU objectives regarding Southern Africa, there has been no agreement on the political means to achieve them.

    The Un Security Council's African Safari · 1973 · DOI

  • DAVID MITRANY On the 25th anniversary as on the 20th anniversary of the U.N. its achievements and prospects will inevitably be judged variously by experts and commentators. In 1965 many of them thought that the U.N. was passing through a crisis. It is likely that here again a crisis will be diagnosed, and with a weightier and more widespread anxiety as to its outcome. That will be partly because the interval of five years has not brought any definition of that crisis: it has not disposed of its possible causes, nor brought them to a head in the crippling of the U.N. To paraphrase a famous dictum, the U.N. might well claim &dquo;I struggle, therefore I live&dquo;; even if its state of crisis may appear to have become endemic.

    The United Nations in Historical Perspective · 1971 · DOI

  • his remains to be studied - for instance in 1968. "Full agreement" but no published agreements means doubtful: "substantial agreement" means disagreement in at least some important fields, "full exchange of views resulted" means no agreement at all.

    Summit Meetings and International Relations · 1964 · DOI

  • It remains to be seen whether there is any level of military pressure that would induce it to change its approach and compromise for the sake of peace.

    Peace in Gaza? · 2026 · DOI

  • Their exact links to the Islamic State are not fully known, but recent reports suggest that the Islamic State of Somalia may be a center of back-and-forth communication between the two parties.

    ISCAP in the Shadow of the Russian-Ukrainian War · 2024 · DOI

  • Capitalizing on leverage over state business partners should be understood as an under-explored but intriguing dimension to the advancement of human rights.

    Leveraging Human Rights Due Diligence in Corporate-State Procurement: The Exemplar of the Pfizer-Israeli COVID-19 Vaccination Program · 2023 · DOI

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63 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 3,043 Global Peace and Security Dynamics papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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