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Open research questions in Intellectual Property and Patents

175 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 2,029 Intellectual Property and Patents papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Empirical studies on the effectiveness of lobbying governments in developing countries are rare. Empirical studies on lobbying for cross-country IPR changes are nonexistent. There is a need to examine the effect of lobbying on R&D offshoring to developing countries.

    International lobbying for intellectual property rights reform: the effect on R&D offshoring to the developing world · 2026 · DOI

  • Improving the Transformer to be more suitable for small datasets - Exploring other methods to enhance the patent recommendation model

    A deep learning-based model for patent portfolio recommendation leveraging overall and sequential features · 2026 · DOI

  • Additionally, future research will explore dynamic graph embedding methods, such as DySAT and DyHNet, to better capture the collaborative changes between universities and enterprises over time.

    Recommending university-industry collaboration: a topic-institution graph-based solution · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract A constellation of digital technologies is triggering the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), yet how firms in catching-up economies build mature inventive capabilities in this new paradigm remains underexplored.

    Path dependence and path breaking in the fourth industrial revolution: digital technological diversification in Chinese firms · 2026 · DOI

  • How knowledge is shared across these chemistries is essential for industrial strategies informed by techno-economic forecasting but understudied.

    Knowledge interdependencies between lithium- and sodium-ion battery chemistries · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract Despite growing attention to gender disparities in innovation, little is known about how gender shapes the characteristics and outcomes of patented inventions.

    Gender disparity in U.S. patenting · 2025 · DOI

  • applications patents petty for should be premitted for the benefit of applicants needing to take urgent action for infringement. 18(ii) - Accepted. Downloaded by [University of Montana] at 20:16 03 April 2015 well as applic ations; and standard pat ent iii that grant of a standard patent not be permitted where there has previou sly been grant ed to the same appli cant a petty patent for the same invention and having the same priority date, and vice versa. Recommendation 19

    PATENT REFORM IN AUSTRALIA · 1987 · DOI

  • (see the re-examination proc edure 29), will be available only after grant of it may be a patent , except ordered the before oppositon

    PATENT REFORM IN AUSTRALIA · 1987 · DOI

  • The study faces challenges in measuring knowledge stickiness and technological concentration. The results are limited by the weaker evidence for large cities.

    Knowledge stickiness and technological concentration in the AI industry: an empirical study of Chinese cities · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research can explore the relationship between knowledge stickiness and technological concentration in other industries. Further studies can examine the impact of local embedding conditions on AI innovation.

    Knowledge stickiness and technological concentration in the AI industry: an empirical study of Chinese cities · 2026 · DOI

  • Research Conclusions Identifying technological opportunities is essential for forward-looking planning of future industrial technologies, guiding the allocation of research resources, and supporting national science and technology strategic decision-making. From the perspective of the science–technology gap, this study integrates semantic information from scientific papers and patents to construct two indicators – Scientific Knowledge Reserve Rate (SKRR) and Technological Invention Competitiveness (TIC) – and identifies technological opportunities through a composite mapping approach. Using scientific publications and patent data in the 6G domain as the research context, this study identifies eight potential technological opportunities: AIoT and edge intelligence, space– air–ground integrated networks and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, massive MIMO and cellfree networks, ultra-reliable low-latency communications, reinforcement learning and resource allocation, visible light and terahertz communications, semantic communication and neural networks, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and their applications. These directions not only reflect the multi-dimensional integration and intelligent evolution trends of future network architectures but also reveal potential transformation pathways from scientific research to technological applications.

    Identifying Technological Opportunities in 6G Frontier Technologies: A Science-Technology Semantic Association and Combination Graph Approach · 2026 · DOI

  • Differences in the classification systems of patent and trademark data. The lack of obvious external benchmarks to validate the intermediate steps of the methodology.

    A concordance between patent and trademark classes to link technologies to markets · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research can use the concordance to track the diffusion of patented technologies at the technology, firm, region, or country level. Future research can evaluate the temporal and spatial stability of the concordance.

    A concordance between patent and trademark classes to link technologies to markets · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research can apply the methods used in this study to other research institutions. Further analysis can be done to validate the results and improve the accuracy of the models.

    POTENCIAL DE PATENTEAMENTO E MATURIDADE TECNOLÓGICA: ANÁLISE INTEGRADA COM INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NO PPGBIOTEC/UFAM · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to identify research with high potential for patenting and technological maturity. Prior work has not addressed this gap using artificial intelligence techniques.

    POTENCIAL DE PATENTEAMENTO E MATURIDADE TECNOLÓGICA: ANÁLISE INTEGRADA COM INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NO PPGBIOTEC/UFAM · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies the need for a comprehensive guide for the NCC exam in Venice.

    Patente NCC Esame NCC Venezia PDF · 2026 · DOI

  • Estimating v(S) from real data is the primary open problem; we distinguish this from the computational contribution and outline a concrete roadmap for empirical validation using public ETSI, USPTO, and Lens.

    A Framework for Graph-Conditioned Hierarchical Shapley Attribution in Patent Valuation · 2026

  • The seniority-based proxy for feature priority requires empirical validation against direct priority labels, - The model's performance on real-time streaming job postings, particularly during macroeconomic disruptions, remains unknown, - The study relies on a dataset from 2023-2024 and may not be generalizable to other time periods or contexts

    A Deep Learning Framework for Predictive Feature Prioritization in Early-Stage Software Startups: Integrating Historical Delivery Data and Market Signals · 2026 · DOI

  • Conduct a user study with product managers to assess the correlation between job-seniority demand and their own priority assessments, - Collect expert-annotated sprint retrospective datasets to enable supervised validation of the proxy assumption, - Incorporate live data feeds via streaming APIs and apply online learning or continual learning methods to adapt to labor-market shifts

    A Deep Learning Framework for Predictive Feature Prioritization in Early-Stage Software Startups: Integrating Historical Delivery Data and Market Signals · 2026 · DOI

  • The existing laws in India have limitations in protecting traditional knowledge. There is a need to understand how IP protection of traditional knowledge contributes to community empowerment.

    How Community Empowerment through Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge Fosters Sustainable Innovation · 2026 · DOI

  • If the holders themselves are empowered, they can not only be able to enforce the legal IP rights in their favour, but also be able to build a decent livelihood out of their practice, thereby creating a sustainable economy which will go a long way for countries like India where capital is scarce in case of middle and small sector economies and yet population of traditional knowledge holders is high.

    How Community Empowerment through Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge Fosters Sustainable Innovation · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only considers the aerospace industry in Mexico. The data is limited to the period from 2013 to 2023. The study does not account for other factors that may influence production, such as government policies or international trade agreements.

    Patentes e innovación en la industria aeroespacial en México · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the relationship between patents and production in the aerospace industry. The study highlights the need for further research on the factors that influence the development of the aerospace industry in Mexico. The paper suggests that there is a lack of studies on the impact of technological innovations on the aerospace industry in Mexico.

    Patentes e innovación en la industria aeroespacial en México · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies challenges such as the overly stringent nature of the pre-access approval system and the lack of incentives for companies to adopt dual-class shareholding structures. The paper also notes the challenge of balancing the interests of majority and minority shareholders. The study highlights the challenge of promoting the development of China's capital markets while protecting the interests of small/medium shareholders.

    Optimising Special Voting Rights in Dual-Class Share Structure Companies: A Corporate Governance Perspective from China · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies can explore the implementation of the proposed reforms to the regulatory model. Further research can examine the impact of dual-class shareholding structures on the development of China's capital markets. The study suggests that future research can investigate the application of mechanism design theory to other areas of corporate governance.

    Optimising Special Voting Rights in Dual-Class Share Structure Companies: A Corporate Governance Perspective from China · 2026 · DOI

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175 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 2,029 Intellectual Property and Patents papers in our 4.5M-paper local library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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