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Open research questions in Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food

196 gap statements mined from Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,214 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The understanding of how G-protein signaling pathways contribute to the infection process and patulin biosynthesis of P. expansum remains limited. The regulatory mechanisms of G protein subunits on the pathogenicity of P. expansum are not well understood.

    Dissecting G-protein signaling pathways in the fruit pathogen Penicillium expansum: implications for pathogenesis and patulin production · 2026 · DOI

  • The gut-kidney axis is a critical component of intestinal and renal health and is affected by aflatoxin B1. Natural antioxidant feed additives are needed to mitigate the effects of aflatoxin B1.

    Curcumin mitigated aflatoxin B1-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and gut-kidney axis damage in sheep by regulating the ATF6/GRP78 and IL-1β/NF-κB signaling pathways · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate mycotoxin levels in human placenta samples. There is a gap in understanding the effects of mycotoxins on maternal health and fetal development.

    Investigation of the Levels of Mycotoxins Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone in Human Placenta Samples in Hospitals in Tehran City · 2026 · DOI

  • The sample size may not be representative of the entire Lebanese population. The study only analyzes a limited number of mycotoxins.

    The economic crisis in Lebanon and adolescent nutritional health: a multi-mycotoxin exposure and risk assessment of stunting and thinness · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on mycotoxin exposure and its association with adolescent nutritional health. The study aims to fill this gap by providing new insights into mycotoxin exposure and its health effects.

    The economic crisis in Lebanon and adolescent nutritional health: a multi-mycotoxin exposure and risk assessment of stunting and thinness · 2026 · DOI

  • This pattern differs from DON and could be related to differences in cellular uptake or metabolic conversion, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Future studies with more sensitive analytical methods are warranted to clarify whether these findings reflect true toxicokinetic differences or methodological constraints.

    In vitro immunotoxicity of important mycotoxins detected in commercial dry dog and cat food in relation to internal exposure · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of knowledge on pre- and post-harvest practices used by farmers in Ghana to prevent aflatoxin contamination. There is a need to investigate the effectiveness of different pre- and post-harvest practices in reducing aflatoxin contamination.

    Pre- and post-harvest practices, aflatoxin risk, and food security under two agroecological zones in Ghana · 2026 · DOI

  • Mycotoxin contamination in rice is a major concern. Toxigenic Fusarium species can produce multiple mycotoxins. There is a need to develop strategies for reducing mycotoxin contamination in rice.

    Prevalence of toxigenic Fusarium species associated with grain discoloration of rice in north India · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of data on the prevalence of toxigenic Fusarium species in rice in North India. Prior studies have focused on stored rice samples, but there is a need to investigate discolored rice grains.

    Prevalence of toxigenic Fusarium species associated with grain discoloration of rice in north India · 2026 · DOI

  • The mechanisms behind ochratoxin A-induced pancreatic damage are not fully understood. There is a need for effective strategies to mitigate mycotoxin-related pancreatic impairment.

    β-caryophyllene protects against foodborne ochratoxin A–induced pancreatic toxicity: implications for food safety and environmental health · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a testing technology to test food and ensure the safety of food. The lack of a reliable and sensitive method for OTA detection.

    MXene–CeO2 Nanorod-Based Optical Biosensor for Ochratoxin A Detection in Real Food Samples · 2026 · DOI

  • AFB1-induced growth impairment and immunotoxicity in broilers, - Limited understanding of the mechanisms by which Ct-Se alleviates AFB1-induced immunotoxicity, - Need for novel strategies to mitigate mycotoxicosis in poultry production.

    Chitosan-selenium alleviates AFB1-induced growth impairment and immunotoxicity in broilers by suppressing splenic oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis · 2026 · DOI

  • While selenium is known to mitigate mycotoxicosis, the protective efficacy of chitosan-selenium (Ct-Se), a novel organic formulation, against AFB1-induced splenic immunotoxicity in broilers remains unclear.

    Chitosan-selenium alleviates AFB1-induced growth impairment and immunotoxicity in broilers by suppressing splenic oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the effects of aflatoxins on Nile tilapia health. There is a need to examine the potential benefits of silymarin supplementation in reducing aflatoxin residues and enhancing immune-antioxidant gene expression in Nile tilapia.

    Silymarin conserves the efficacy of quinolone and sulfonamide in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to aflatoxicosis and Streptococcus agalactiae infection · 2026 · DOI

  • The occurrence data of OTA in cured meat products in the Netherlands are scarce. There is a need to assess the occurrence of OTA in cured meats.

    Communication Survey on Ochratoxin A Occurrence in Cured Meat Products in The Netherlands · 2026 · DOI

  • For Curvularia, the ITS locus alone is insufficient for species delimitation due to intragenomic variation and limited discriminatory power, whereas the combined ITS–GAPDH–TEF1-α dataset reliably resolved isolates into C.

    Integrated polyphasic characterization and mycotoxin production of fungal isolates in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) stems from Thailand · 2026 · DOI

  • Based on the data in the study, boiling and pasteurization were insufficient to reduce the contamination of AFM1 in the goat’s milk. A larger sample population along the food chain supported by a risk assessment study are warranted for data reliability and validity, hence a more accurate food safety risk can be concluded.

    Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in goat’s milk and effect of heat treatment on its stability · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the combined effects of PM2.5 and Enniatin B1 on the respiratory barrier. The need to develop strategies to mitigate the effects of air pollution on human health.

    47 | SYNERGISTIC LUNG TOXICITY OF PM2.5 AND ENNIATIN B1 IN A CO-CULTURE MODEL · 2026 · DOI

  • The study aims to address this gap by employing a rigorous spatio-temporal, seasonal, and risk-based methodological design.

    Spatiotemporal and seasonal surveillance with risk assessment and multimarket analysis of aflatoxin contamination in Citrullus lanatus melon seeds across six Nigerian states · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies the need for controlling mycotoxins to prevent health and economic losses in cattle farming. The research gap includes the lack of adequate preventive measures and strategies to reduce fungal contamination in animal feed.

    Intoxicação de bovinos por micotoxinas: revisão de literatura · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the molecular characterization of fumonisin producing Fusarium verticillioides associated with ear rot of maize. The need for effective management practices for these diseases, including the use of bioagents for in-vitro management.

    Molecular characterization of fumonisin producing Fusarium verticillioides associated with ear rot of maize and their in-vitro management through bioagents · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies can investigate the long-term effects of P. ostreatus filtrate and calcium carbonate on fungal growth. Research can explore the potential applications of the results in real-world scenarios. Studies can investigate the use of P. ostreatus filtrate and calcium carbonate in combination with other control agents.

    ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI IN FRESH AND DRIED FRUITS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF CONTROLLING TOXIN-PRODUCING FUNGI USING PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS FILTRATE AND CALCIUM CARBONATE · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for effective methods to control fungal growth in fresh and dried fruits. There is a lack of understanding of the potential applications of P. ostreatus filtrate and calcium carbonate in controlling fungal growth. There is a need for further research on the long-term effects of P. ostreatus filtrate and calcium carbonate on fungal growth.

    ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI IN FRESH AND DRIED FRUITS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF CONTROLLING TOXIN-PRODUCING FUNGI USING PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS FILTRATE AND CALCIUM CARBONATE · 2026 · DOI

  • Ochratoxin A is a pervasive foodborne mycotoxin that poses a global hazard to human and animal health. The pancreas is vulnerable to xenobiotic-induced damage due to its high metabolic requirements and limited antioxidant capacity.

    β-caryophyllene protects against foodborne ochratoxin A–induced pancreatic toxicity: implications for food safety and environmental health · 2026 · DOI

  • Evaluation of the CL-ELISA for detection of zearalenone in other types of samples. Comparison of the CL-ELISA with other immunoassays in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Development of a method for simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins using the CL-ELISA.

    Chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for zearalenone in food and feed · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The understanding of how G-protein signaling pathways contribute to the infection process and patulin biosynthesis of P. expansum remains limited (“Dissecting G-protein signaling pathways in the fruit pathogen Penicillium…”, 2026); (2) Natural antioxidant feed additives are needed to mitigate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (“Curcumin mitigated aflatoxin B1-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and…”, 2026); (3) There is a need to investigate mycotoxin levels in human placenta samples (“Investigation of the Levels of Mycotoxins Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone in Human…”, 2026); (4) There is a lack of research on mycotoxin exposure and its association with adolescent nutritional health (“The economic crisis in Lebanon and adolescent nutritional health: a…”, 2026); (5) This pattern differs from DON and could be related to differences in cellular uptake or metabolic conversion, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated (“In vitro immunotoxicity of important mycotoxins detected in commercial dry dog…”, 2026). 196 gap statements have been mined from Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,214 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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