Open research questions in Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance

What the literature leaves open

• Emerging environmental contaminants (EECs) impose complex and multidimensional physiological pressures that extend far beyond conventional toxicological paradigms centered solely on growth inhibition or oxidative damage. The evidence synthesized in this review demonstrates that plant responses to pharmaceuticals, pesti- cides, PFAS, nanomaterials, and microplastics emerge from the dynamic integration of contaminant uptake, internal exposure, de- toxification pathways, redox regulation, phytohormonal signaling, and microbiome-mediated buffering. Rather than isolated stress responses, these processes constitute interconnected regulatory networks oper- ating across molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecosystem scales. A major conceptual advance emerging from recent research is the recognition that contaminant toxicity is fundamentally gov- erned by internal exposure dynamics rather than external concen- trations alone. Physicochemical properties, vascular transport, tissue compartmentalization, metabolic transformation, and plant–microbiome interactions collectively determine contaminant fate and ultimately shape physiological responses. Within this framework, oxidative stress should no longer be interpreted merely as a downstream symptom of toxicity but as a central regulatory hub linking xenobiotic perception to metabolic reprogramming, hormonal regulation, and stress acclimation. This perspective also explains why contaminant mixtures and interactions with climate-related stressors frequently produce non- linear responses that cannot be predicted from single-contami- nant experiments. Another major advance is the recognition of the plant microbiome as an active determinant of contaminant tolerance and phytoremediation efficiency. Rhizospheric and endophytic microor- ganisms not only participate in contaminant transformation but also regulate internal exposure, antioxidant capacity, phytohormonal homeostasis, nutrient acquisition, and physiological resilience. Consequently, phytoremediation should be interpreted as a holobiont-mediated process in which plant physiology and microbial functionality operate as an integrated biological system. from an empirical remediation strategy into a predictive, physiol- ogy-informed nature-based solution. Constructed wetlands, microbiome-assisted phytotechnologies, and hybrid ecological sys- tems illustrate how mechanistic understanding can be translated into practical environmental applications that simultaneously im- prove contaminant removal, ecosystem restoration, biodiversity conservation, and environmental resilience. Ultimately, plants occupy a strategic interface linking envi- ronmental contamination, ecosystem functioning, and human health. Future progress will depend on replacing reductionist endpoint-based approaches with predictive, systems-oriented frameworks that integrate contaminant fate, plant physiology, microbiome functionality, and ecosystem processes across multi- ple biological scales. Such an integrated perspective places plant physiology at the center of sustainable environmental manage- ment and reinforces its fundamental role within the One Health framework.

  Plant stress physiology under environmental emerging contaminant exposure: from molecular responses to phytoremediation applications · 2026 · DOI

• Emerging environmental contaminants (EECs) impose complex and multidimensional physiological pressures that extend far beyond conventional toxicological paradigms centered solely on growth inhibition or oxidative damage. The evidence synthesized in this review demonstrates that plant responses to pharmaceuticals, pesti- cides, PFAS, nanomaterials, and microplastics emerge from the dynamic integration of contaminant uptake, internal exposure, de- toxification pathways, redox regulation, phytohormonal signaling, and microbiome-mediated buffering. Rather than isolated stress responses, these processes constitute interconnected regulatory networks oper- ating across molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecosystem scales. A major conceptual advance emerging from recent research is the recognition that contaminant toxicity is fundamentally gov- erned by internal exposure dynamics rather than external concen- trations alone. Physicochemical properties, vascular transport, tissue compartmentalization, metabolic transformation, and plant–microbiome interactions collectively determine contaminant fate and ultimately shape physiological responses. Within this framework, oxidative stress should no longer be interpreted merely as a downstream symptom of toxicity but as a central regulatory hub linking xenobiotic perception to metabolic reprogramming, hormonal regulation, and stress acclimation. This perspective also explains why contaminant mixtures and interactions with climate-related stressors frequently produce non- linear responses that cannot be predicted from single-contami- nant experiments. Another major advance is the recognition of the plant microbiome as an active determinant of contaminant tolerance and phytoremediation efficiency. Rhizospheric and endophytic microor- ganisms not only participate in contaminant transformation but also regulate internal exposure, antioxidant capacity, phytohormonal homeostasis, nutrient acquisition, and physiological resilience. Consequently, phytoremediation should be interpreted as a holobiont-mediated process in which plant physiology and microbial functionality operate as an integrated biological system. from an empirical remediation strategy into a predictive, physiol- ogy-informed nature-based solution. Constructed wetlands, microbiome-assisted phytotechnologies, and hybrid ecological sys- tems illustrate how mechanistic understanding can be translated into practical environmental applications that simultaneously im- prove contaminant removal, ecosystem restoration, biodiversity conservation, and environmental resilience. Ultimately, plants occupy a strategic interface linking envi- ronmental contamination, ecosystem functioning, and human health. Future progress will depend on replacing reductionist endpoint-based approaches with predictive, systems-oriented frameworks that integrate contaminant fate, plant physiology, microbiome functionality, and ecosystem processes across multi- ple biological scales. Such an integrated perspective places plant physiology at the center of sustainable environmental manage- ment and reinforces its fundamental role within the One Health framework.

  Plant stress physiology under environmental emerging contaminant exposure: from molecular responses to phytoremediation applications · 2026 · DOI

• Alkaline stress elevates rhizosphere pH and often cooccurs with high Na⁺ levels and reduced micronutrient availability, which together limit plant growth and productivity. To mitigate these challenges, plants employ coordinated adaptive strategies, including rhizosphere acidification, organic acid exudation, osmotic adjustment, and reinforcement of antioxidant defense systems. Increasing evidence indicates that Ca2⁺ and ROS signaling pathways coordinate proton pumping and Na⁺ transport, thereby linking cellular pH and ion homeostasis to root growth and adaptive responses. In contrast, the contribution of specialized structures, such as salt glands or epidermal bladder cells, to alkaline tolerance remains limited and inconsistent across species. Future research should move from descriptive stress responses toward prioritized, testable mechanisms that connect alkaline-stress perception, root–rhizosphere regulation, molecular control, and field performance. First, early sensing mechanisms should be dissected at cell-type and subcellular resolution. A central hypothesis is that alkaline stress is initially perceived through extracellular pH changes, proton-gradient disturbance, membrane-potential shifts, and secondary Ca2⁺/ROS signals in specific root cell types, rather than through a single universal alkaline stress receptor. This can be tested by combining NaHCO3/Na2CO3 treatments with genetically encoded pH, Ca2⁺, and ROS sensors, membrane-potential probes, receptor mutants, and live imaging of root hairs, epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and the root apical meristem. Single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatiotemporally enhanced-resolution omics sequencing (Stereo-seq), and cell-type-specific proteomics should then be used to identify which cells first activate pH-sensing modules, PM H⁺-ATPases, SOS/NHX transporters, organic acid metabolism, and stress-responsive TFs. Spatial metabolomics can complement these approaches by mapping organic acids and other metabolites involved in root exudation and local pH buffering under alkaline stress. Second, future studies should establish causal links between molecular regulators and adaptive traits. A useful working hypothesis is that alkaline tolerance depends on coordinated modules linking PM H⁺-ATPase activation, Na⁺/H⁺ exchange, organic acid secretion, antioxidant regulation, nutrient acquisition, and root architectural plasticity. Time-resolved transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility profiling, ChIP-seq or DAP-seq, phosphoproteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics under matched NaCl, Na2CO3, and saline-alkali treatments would help distinguish NaHCO3/Na2CO3- specific mechanisms from general salt-stress responses.

  Physiological and molecular processes of plant tolerance to bicarbonate-induced alkaline stress · 2026 · DOI

• Future research should focus on hypothesis-driven research that clarifies how improvements in cold stress resilience in tobacco occur at the bio-stimulant’s molecular and biochemical level. Comparative field trials are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of microbial and non-microbial bio-stimulants, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as com- pared with the non-microbial bio-stimulants such as seaweed extracts and humic substances. A field trial could be conducted on contrasting effects of AMF and seaweed extract after 7 days of 5 °C cold exposure in terms of photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity, bio- mass production, leaf quality etc. Further, optimization of dosage and application technique of bio-stimulants is another important research area. Research should be focused on examining the benefits of seed priming, foliar spraying, and multi-stage applications of both methods at different growth stages for improving cold tolerance. Ideally, a test- able hypothesis should be that this dual application (seeding and foliar spraying) provides superior protection because the physiological and molecular responses are increased as compared to treatments made just to the seed and just to the foliar surface. In further research, the incorporation of transcriptomics and proteomics along with metabo- lomics, can be used to find the key regulatory networks that are involved in stress adjustment induced by bio-stimulants. Treated plants may be proposed to have a higher expression of the CBF/COR genes, a higher concentration of antioxidant proteins and higher con- centration of osmoprotectant metabolites than untreated plants in longer, extended chilling situations.

  Bio-stimulants enhance cold tolerance in tobacco through antioxidant defense and photosynthetic regulation · 2026 · DOI

• 05) Despite these physiological adjustments, the absence of proportional gains in net CO2 assimilation and biomass indicates that the partial preservation of photosynthetic per- formance was insufficient to sustain growth under salinity.

  In vitro salinity priming modulates photosynthetic acclimation in Ananas comosus with limited growth recovery · 2026 · DOI

• RESEARCH PRIORITIES 95 95 96 96 97 99 99 100 100 100 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 102 102 102 102 103 103 103 103 104 104 104 104 106 106 106 106 108 108 110 113 114 116 117 120 121 121 122 123 124 124 125 125 126 127 127 129 132 135 ExECUTIVE SUMMARy Zinc is essential for the normal healthy growth and reproduction of plants, animals and humans and when the supply of plant-available zinc is inadequate, crop yields are reduced and the quality of crop products is frequently impaired. In plants, zinc plays a key role as a structural constituent or regulatory co-factor of a wide range of different enzymes and proteins in many important biochemical pathways and these are mainly concerned with: v carbohydrate metabolism, both in photosynthesis and in the conversion of sugars to starch, v protein metabolism, v auxin (growth regulator) metabolism, v pollen formation, v the maintenance of the integrity of biological membranes, v the resistance to infection by certain pathogens. When the supply of zinc to the plant is inadequate, one or more of the many important physiological functions of zinc is unable to operate normally and plant growth is adversely affected. The changes in plant physiological mechanisms brought about by a deficiency of zinc can result in the plant developing visible symptoms of stress which might include one or more of the following: stunting (reduced height), interveinal chlorosis (yellowing of the leaves between the veins), bronzing of chlorotic leaves, small and abnormally shaped leaves and/or stunting and rosetting of leaves (where the leaves form a whorl on shortened stems). These different types of symptoms vary with plant species and are usually only clearly displayed in severely deficient plants. In cases of marginal deficiency, plant yields can often be reduced by 20% or more without obvious visible symptoms. This is called ‘hidden’, ‘latent’ or ‘subclinical’ deficiency. Zinc-deficient soils causing hidden deficiency may remain undetected for many years unless soil or plant diagnostic tests are carried out, because there are no obvious signs of stress in the crops growing on them. However, a change to growing less zinc deficiencytolerant crop species or cultivars, or the adoption of more intensive farming methods may lead to the development of a more severe deficiency in the crop accompanied by visible symptoms which will bring the problem to the notice of the farmer. Losses of yield of 20% or more as a result of hidden zinc deficiency can have an economic impact on the farmer. In more intensive types of arable farming where expensive inputs of seed, fertilisers, agricultural chemicals and possibly irrigation water are involved, the failure of crops to realize their potential yield is a major loss of income to the farmer.

  Zinc-induced modulation of growth and stress biochemistry in mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco): A comprehensive study for delineating deficiency and toxicity threshold · 2026 · DOI

• Therefore, supplementation of CNTs and JA on soybean plants under Cr exposure could improve our understanding of stress responses and support the development of Cr-tolerant cultivars an area that remains largely underexplored.

  Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-jasmonate interactions enhance biomass production by regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis, δ-aminolevulinic acid/glutamate-1-semialdehyde metabolism, source–sink balance, and defense responses under chromium stress in soybean · 2026 · DOI

• However, limited information exists on the impact of potassium acetate on critical stress-responsive genomic pathways, particularly those governed by Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding (DREB) transcription factors, which are essential for abiotic stress tolerance.

  Integrated analysis of potassium acetate effects on barley: growth, physiological traits, genetic diversity, and DREB gene regulation · 2026 · DOI

• Melatonin (MT), a potent indoleamine antioxidant, has been demonstrated to facilitate seed germination under adverse conditions, but its regulatory mechanisms in cotton under Cd stress remain unclear.

  Exogenous melatonin mitigates cadmium stress on cotton seed germination: physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic insights · 2026 · DOI

• Future research should focus on validating these findings through direct measurements of sulfur-related metabolites and enzymatic activities, including correlation analyses between these parameters and sulfur content, as well as validating these findings in long-term soil-based systems, identifying genes controlling S homeostasis for marker-assisted selection, and determining whether S-GSH constraints are conserved across other excluder species.

  Genotype-dependent sulfur depletion is linked to antioxidant dysfunction and growth responses to As, Cd, and Pb in Alnus glutinosa · 2026 · DOI

• This review provides new insights into the functional, biochem- ical, and molecular framework of abiotic stress tolerance in finger millet, shedding light on the mechanisms that enable its adaptation to diverse climatic conditions. We synthesize recent advancements in understanding how finger millet deploys complex defense systems, including osmotic regulation, antioxidant networks, and gene regulatory circuits, to cope with drought, salinity, temperature extremes, and heavy metal stress. Despite notable progress, several critical gaps remain unresolved, particularly in linking molecular responses to phenotypic outcomes under field conditions. The release of a high-quality finger millet genome presents unprece- dented opportunities to dissect stress-responsive genes, metabolites, and signaling pathways at finer resolution. While genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses have laid a strong founda- tion, further exploration in metabolomics, ionomics, and high- throughput phenomics is essential to fully characterize the plant’s stress adaptation strategies. A deeper integration of these multi- omics platforms will enhance our mechanistic understanding of abiotic stress responses and facilitate the identification of robust molecular markers for breeding. Moreover, genome editing and genomics-assisted breeding provide valuable avenues to accelerate the development of stress-resilient finger millet cultivars. Given the demonstrated cross-genera transferability of finger millet genes, these tools also hold potential for transferring key abiotic stress tolerance traits into major cereal crops. Such translational applica- tions will be instrumental in addressing hidden hunger and safe- guarding food security in climate-vulnerable regions.

  Integrative insights into abiotic stress tolerance in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.): linking physiological, biochemical, and molecular perspectives for developing climate-smart cereals · 2026 · DOI

• Author contributions Significant progress has been made in understanding the roles of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, melatonin, and glycine betaine in plant salt stress responses. However, several critical knowledge gaps remain, and future research should prioritize agricultural applications aimed at improving plant growth and yield under saline conditions. Secondary metabolites frequently interact, introducing an layer of regulatory complexity. A key question is additional whether these inter-metabolite interactions directly modulate salt tolerance and, consequently, crop productivity. This is further complicated by the fact that many pathways share intermediate substrates, yet the dynamic flux of these metabolites under salt stress and its impact on yield-related traits remain largely unexplored. Addressing these questions requires experimental strategies that simultaneously perturb multiple pathways. To this end, physical interaction assays (e.g., Microscale Thermophoresis, Surface Plasmon Resonance) can be employed to detect direct binding between metabolites, while genetic interaction analyses, combined with metabolite feeding and complementation experiments, can uncover indirect functional relationships. Together, these approaches will provide critical evidence for synergistic effects among metabolites in enhancing stress adaptation and maintaining yield stability. While significant progress has been made in understanding secondary metabolite functions at the molecular level, translating this knowledge into agricultural applications requires additional effort. Key priorities for improving plant growth and yield under salt stress include: (i) identifying natural genetic variation in biosyn- thetic and regulatory genes for marker-assisted breeding of high- yielding, salt-tolerant varieties; (ii) developing multiplex gene editing strategies to simultaneously enhance multiple metabolic pathways that contribute to stress resilience and yield maintenance; (iii) using tissue-specific or stress-inducible promoters to avoid unintended growth penalties while maximizing protective metabolite accumula- tion; (iv) applying synthetic biology approaches to reconstitute and optimize metabolic pathways for sustained crop performance in saline environments; and (v) integrating metabolite traits with other stress tolerance mechanisms (e.g., ion transporters, stress receptors) to achieve synergistic effects on plant growth and yield. Plant secondary metabolism represents a highly versatile system for coping with salt stress, enabling plants to maintain homeostasis and achieve resilience under adverse conditions. Despite significant progress, the complex interplay between primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, and transcriptional regulation —and its WY: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Formal analysis. ZJ: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Formal analysis. JK: Investigation, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. YZ: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. SZ: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.

  The regulatory roles of flavonoids, melatonin, and glycine betaine in plant salt stress response · 2026 · DOI

• The translocation factor (TF) and bioaccumulation capacity (Q) reduction mechanisms by T. viride RA1 have not been traced at the molecular level; investigation of the specific transporter genes involved in Cd²⁺ absorption and the role of chelation, adsorption, and metal oxalate immobilization in rhizospheric cadmium bioavailability reduction is needed.

  Deciphering Trichoderma viride-mediated cadmium stress alleviation in wheat: morphological, physiological and biochemical insights · 2026 · DOI

• Conflicting results exist regarding the effect of Trichoderma species on proline and glycine betaine accumulation during cadmium stress—T. viride increased these osmoregulatory components in wheat, while T. harzianum reduced proline levels in V. radiata; comparative mechanistic studies across different Trichoderma strains and host plant species are needed to clarify the strain-specific and species-specific responses.

  Deciphering Trichoderma viride-mediated cadmium stress alleviation in wheat: morphological, physiological and biochemical insights · 2026 · DOI

• The research lacks molecular investigations into the genetic basis of T. viride RA1-mediated cadmium stress alleviation in wheat; genetic engineering approaches introducing heavy metal-resistant genes from Trichoderma spp. should be explored to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this mitigation process.

  Deciphering Trichoderma viride-mediated cadmium stress alleviation in wheat: morphological, physiological and biochemical insights · 2026 · DOI

• The study employed unrealistically high cadmium concentrations (200 mg L⁻¹) compared to typical agricultural soil background levels; field-based trials using environmentally relevant Cd concentrations are required to validate the protective mechanisms mediated by T. viride RA1 and confirm practical application of the findings in actual contaminated soil conditions.

  Deciphering Trichoderma viride-mediated cadmium stress alleviation in wheat: morphological, physiological and biochemical insights · 2026 · DOI

• Guidelines for site-specific plant species selection, soil preparation techniques, and metal uptake monitoring in contaminated sites like Aligarh have been recommended but not operationalized; concrete decision-making frameworks linking specific soil properties (pH, texture, heavy metal type) to optimal plant species selection are absent.

  Phytoremediation As An Eco-Friendly Remediation Method For Reducing Contamination Of Heavy Metals From Contaminated Soil In Aligarh · 2026 · DOI

• Time-course monitoring protocols and quantitative thresholds for assessing plant growth, pollutant uptake rates, and remediation efficacy over specific time intervals have not been standardized; the minimum monitoring frequency and duration required to ensure effectiveness in various soil contamination scenarios remain unspecified.

  Phytoremediation As An Eco-Friendly Remediation Method For Reducing Contamination Of Heavy Metals From Contaminated Soil In Aligarh · 2026 · DOI

• Cost-effective approaches and economic models for scaling phytoremediation from pilot-scale to large-scale environmental clean-up projects in industrial zones and agricultural fields have not been developed or validated; financial feasibility comparisons with traditional chemical and mechanical remediation methods are missing.

  Phytoremediation As An Eco-Friendly Remediation Method For Reducing Contamination Of Heavy Metals From Contaminated Soil In Aligarh · 2026 · DOI

• The bioaccumulation threshold and food chain transfer mechanisms of heavy metals accumulated in plant tissue are identified as a limitation but lack site-specific risk assessment procedures; quantitative guidelines for safe plant disposal and acceptable contaminant concentration limits in harvested biomass are absent.

  Phytoremediation As An Eco-Friendly Remediation Method For Reducing Contamination Of Heavy Metals From Contaminated Soil In Aligarh · 2026 · DOI

• Synergistic integration of phytoremediation with bioaugmentation and soil amendment techniques has not been experimentally tested; studies combining these approaches to quantify the enhancement in heavy metal uptake rates and removal efficiency are needed.

  Phytoremediation As An Eco-Friendly Remediation Method For Reducing Contamination Of Heavy Metals From Contaminated Soil In Aligarh · 2026 · DOI

• Long-term field studies assessing the sustainability and scalability of phytoremediation in complex soil conditions and contaminated regions are absent; the duration, maintenance requirements, and effectiveness degradation over multiple growing seasons remain uncharacterized for the identified hyperaccumulator species (Brassica juncea, Salix spp., Phragmites australis) in Aligarh's soil matrix.

  Phytoremediation As An Eco-Friendly Remediation Method For Reducing Contamination Of Heavy Metals From Contaminated Soil In Aligarh · 2026 · DOI

• The molecular mechanisms of D1 protein synthesis and LHCII complex reassembly during recovery are inferred but not directly measured or validated at the molecular level.

  Response strategies of Ochroma lagopus to short-term low-temperature stress and rewarming: a photosynthesis-antioxidant-carbon network analysis · 2026 · DOI

• The study lacks investigation of cold acclimation-related genes (e.g., COR family) in O. lagopus, which are absent in tropical tree species and result in impaired repair capacity under severe low temperatures.

  Response strategies of Ochroma lagopus to short-term low-temperature stress and rewarming: a photosynthesis-antioxidant-carbon network analysis · 2026 · DOI

• Conflicting TF and BCF results are reported for the same species across different studies (e.g., Lathyrus ochrus, Trifolium species, Vicia faba cultivars), but the paper does not fully explain the mechanisms or conditions responsible for these variations.

  Assessment of Metal Contents and Phytoremediation Potentials of Legume Species Growing around Iron Mine · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance

• Complex plant responses to drought and heat stress under climate change · The Plant Journal · 2024 · 429 citations
• Regulatory networks in plant responses to drought and cold stress · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · 2024 · 258 citations
• Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2024 · 157 citations
• Mechanisms of calcium homeostasis orchestrate plant growth and immunity · Nature · 2024 · 138 citations
• Impact of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Environment on the Metabolic Profile of Medicinal Plants and Their Therapeutic Potential · Plants · 2024 · 109 citations
• Unlocking nature's stress buster: Abscisic acid's crucial role in defending plants against abiotic stress · Plant Stress · 2024 · 108 citations
• Stress salinity in plants: New strategies to cope with in the foreseeable scenario · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · 2024 · 107 citations
• Dynamic interplay among soil nutrients, rhizosphere metabolites, and microbes shape drought and heat stress responses in summer maize · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · 2024 · 106 citations
• The temperature sensor TWA1 is required for thermotolerance in Arabidopsis · Nature · 2024 · 95 citations
• ROS status and antioxidant enzyme activities in response to combined temperature and drought stresses in barley · Acta Physiologiae Plantarum · 2021 · 94 citations

Most recent work

• Deciphering Trichoderma viride-mediated cadmium stress alleviation in wheat: morphological, physiological and biochemical insights · BMC Plant Biology · 2026
• Nano-priming modulates antioxidant enzymes and NHX/SOS-mediated ion homeostasis to improve salinity tolerance in barley genotypes · Plant Cell Reports · 2026
• ZmPRN1 Negatively Regulates Salt Stress Tolerance by Modulating ROS Homeostasis in Maize (Zea mays L.) · Plants · 2026
• Stoichiometry and Homeostasis of Sodium and Potassium Underpins Growth Adaptation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> in the Yellow River Delta Wetland · Ecology and Evolution · 2026
• <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> Enhances the Resistance of Wheat Against Cd Stress via Reprogramming Metabolite Production · Food and Energy Security · 2026
• Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Salt Stress Adaptation Mechanisms in Cultivated Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · 2026
• Suppression of salt-enhanced apoplastic flow by salicylic acid in rice · Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants · 2026
• Overexpression of <scp> <i>OsLTSD2</i> </scp> decreases cold tolerance in rice · Plant Biology · 2026
• Assessment of Metal Contents and Phytoremediation Potentials of Legume Species Growing around Iron Mine · Legume Research - An International Journal · 2026
• Functional characterization of transporter genes in rice node at single-cell resolution through multi-omics technologies · Genome Biology · 2026

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