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Open research questions in Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer

309 gap statements mined from Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,487 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Future research will examine hybrid nanofluid flow, investigate the analysis with ciliated walls, study the impact of altering thermophysical characteristics to enhance forecasts of heat and momentum transport, and discuss convection and diffusion analysis with viscous dissipation. Vol:.

    Thermally peristaltic transport of Sutterby fluid under mass transfer impact in an elliptical duct · 2026 · DOI

  • Future work may consider unsteady and non-Newtonian lubricant flow, non-uniform magnetic fields, variable material properties, and two-phase models for nanoparticle migration and agglomeration. However, the approach is limited to a steady 2D ZnO–SAE50 nanolubricant flow over a porous stretching sheet.

    Chemically reactive MHD flow of Zno–SAE50 nanolubricant over a porous stretching sheet with Soret–Dufour effects · 2026 · DOI

  • Three-dimensional extension: For enclosures with aspect ratio AR < 2, end-wall effects become significant, and three-dimensional wavy-cavity simulations are necessary, as two-dimensional predictions may differ from the fully three-dimensional behavior.

    Numerical Study of Natural Convection in a Corrugated Porous Cavity Saturated with a Nanofluid of Al2O3–Cu/Water Hybrid Type: The Combined Effect of Variable Viscosity and Soret–Dufour Double-Diffusion · 2026 · DOI

  • The present study is computational in nature and does not include direct experimental validation. From a computational perspective, hybrid optimization strategies, which combine the global search capabilities of the Reptile Search Algorithm with local refinement techniques like gradient-based or quasi-Newton methods, could be explored.

    A hybrid RSA-optimized PINN framework for radiative MHD bioconvection of an upper-convected Maxwell nanofluid over a stretching cylinder in a Darcy-Forchheimer medium · 2026 · DOI

  • The conclusions are limited to the investigated SN500- based nanofluids, concentrations, flow rates, inlet temperatures, and sinusoidal channel configurations.

    An experimental study on thermal–hydraulic performance of oil-based nanofluids in series and parallel sinusoidal microchannel heat sinks · 2026 · DOI

  • The predictive limits of legacy constant-property models. The lack of understanding of the coupled effects of boundary corrugation and Hartmann damping on nanofluid convection in isosceles triangular enclosures. The need for a high-fidelity thermophysical analysis of the problem.

    Coupled effects of boundary corrugation and Hartmann damping on nanofluid convection in isosceles triangular enclosures: a high-fidelity thermophysical analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • While strategies such as surface modification, the application of external magnetic fields, and green synthesis approaches have shown promise in mitigating some of these limitations, further research is required.

    Progress in Nanofluid Technology: From Conventional to Green Nanofluids for Biomedical, Heat Transfer, and Machining Applications · 2025 · DOI

  • The influence of pertinent parameters on the heat transfer, flow of fluid, and entropy generation in an enclosure needs to be investigated.

    Mixed Convection Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow of Nanofluid/Porous Medium Under Magnetic Field Influence · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the present study was limited to a qualitative assessment of suspension stability based on visual sedimentation observations during the initial settling period, while long-term stability was not investigated.

    Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Ni-Fe3O4 Hybrid Nanofluids in a Shell and Helical Tube Heat Exchanger: Two-Phase Flow Modeling · 2026 · DOI

  • Future investigations may consider experimental validation, transient and three-dimensional flow configurations, different nanoparticle morphologies, and more realistic physiological conditions to explore the potential biomedical relevance of the proposed model.

    Numerical investigation of nonlinear heat and mass transfer in Carreau hybrid nanofluid flow over an expanding cylinder with homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on exploring the effects of additional parameters, such as particle shape and concentration, to enhance the performance of renewable energy systems.

    Advancing Renewable Energy Systems: A Numerical Approach to Investigate Nanofluidics’ Role in Engineering Involving Physical Quantities · 2025 · DOI

  • While dimpled surfaces and nanofluids have been studied separately, their combined implementation and synergistic mechanisms remain poorly understood.

    Experimental and numerical analysis of hydrothermal behavior for different nanofluids in a shallowly dimpled tube heat exchanger · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite growing interest in nanofluid-based radiator cooling, limited studies have quantified the comparative performance of base fluids, Gr/Water-EG single nanofluid and SiO2-Gr/Water-EG hybrid nanofluids under varying concentrations, individually.

    Experimental Investigation of Convective Heat-Transfer Performance of Graphite and SiO2-Graphite Nanofluids for Automotive Radiator Applications · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies can explore the application of the proposed approach to other complex biological systems. Future research can investigate the effects of other parameters on thermal transport in stenosed arterial blood flow.

    Thermal Transport Characteristics of Fractional Maxwell Fluid Model for Blood Flow in a Stenosed Artery · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies may incorporate spatial fractional derivatives and variable-order fractional models to further improve the description of anomalous diffusion and memory effects in biological transport processes. c) The inclusion of arterial wall elasticity and fluid structure interaction is recommended to enhance the physiological relevance of the model.

    Fractional-Order Modeling and Analysis of Nanoparticle Transport in Magnetohydrodynamic Blood Flow Through a Stenosed Artery · 2026 · DOI

  • The effects of magnetic fields, porous medium, chemical reaction, and nanoparticles on blood flow in stenosed arteries are not well understood. There is a need for a semi-analytical solution for pulsatile blood flow in a stenosed artery under magnetic and thermal effects.

    Semi-Analytical Study of Pulsatile Nanofluid Flow in Porous Stenosed Arteries Under Magnetic and Thermal Effects · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could explore more complex scenarios by incorporating additional physical effects such 123 as Joule heating, nanoparticle concentration, porosity, chemical reactions, and more realistic boundary conditions.

    Significance of variable thermal conductivity on magnetized Sutterby nanofluid over stretching sheet with viscous dissipation impacts · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not mention any specific limitations. However, it can be inferred that the study is limited to the specific nanoparticle concentration range and radiator design.

    Intelligent performance prediction of nanoparticle-enhanced automotive radiator cooling using CFD and machine learning · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could focus on experimental validation of the numerical simulation approach. The study suggests further investigation into the effects of nanoparticle thickness on heat transfer performance. The research could be extended to explore the application of GnP-based nanofluids in other thermal management systems.

    Numerical Simulation of Graphene-Nanoplatelet Nanofluid Convection in a Microtube Automotive Radiator · 2026 · DOI

  • The research highlights the need for advanced technologies to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions in the transportation sector.

    Numerical Simulation of Graphene-Nanoplatelet Nanofluid Convection in a Microtube Automotive Radiator · 2026 · DOI

  • The research is limited to the study of micropolar nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching inclined surface. The analysis is based on the Kellerbox method, which is a computer-based mathematical method.

    Numerical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transmission for Micropolar Nanofluid Flow over an Inclined Surface with Soret-Dufour Effects · 2026 · DOI

  • Building on the current findings, several study avenues are proposed for the future: 1. Non-uniform heat sources and sinks: To more accurately model real-world thermal systems, spatially variable internal heat generation/absorption effects are incorporated.

    Numerical investigation of radiative chemically reactive induced-mhd burgers’ nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet · 2026 · DOI

  • The present study focuses on a continuum-based, single-phase model for the penta-hybrid nanofluid, with interfacial nanolayer effects incorporated to enhance accuracy.

    Mechanism of interfacial nanolayer thickness on couple-stress penta-hybrid nanofluids over a stretching sheet for solar thermal applications · 2026 · DOI

  • The present study is based on several simplifying assumptions that limit its direct physiological applicability.

    Fractional electroosmotic and electromagnetic regulation of jeffrey ternary nanofluid flow in electrified stenosed arteries under thermal radiation · 2026 · DOI

  • Operational validity bounds limited to 20 ≤ d p ≤ 131 nm, and 0.01 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.09, - Simulation-only study, - Limited to specific types of nanofluids and boundary…

    Coupled effects of boundary corrugation and Hartmann damping on nanofluid convection in isosceles triangular enclosures: a high-fidelity thermophysical analysis · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Future work may consider unsteady and non-Newtonian lubricant flow, non-uniform magnetic fields, variable material properties, and two-phase models for nanoparticle migration and agglomeration (“Chemically reactive MHD flow of Zno–SAE50 nanolubricant over a porous…”, 2026); (2) The lack of understanding of the coupled effects of boundary corrugation and Hartmann damping on nanofluid convection in isosceles triangular enclosures (“Coupled effects of boundary corrugation and Hartmann damping on nanofluid…”, 2026); (3) While dimpled surfaces and nanofluids have been studied separately, their combined implementation and synergistic mechanisms remain poorly understood (“Experimental and numerical analysis of hydrothermal behavior for different…”, 2026); (4) Future research can investigate the effects of other parameters on thermal transport in stenosed arterial blood flow (“Thermal Transport Characteristics of Fractional Maxwell Fluid Model for Blood…”, 2026); (5) Future studies may incorporate spatial fractional derivatives and variable-order fractional models to further improve the description of anomalous diffusion and memory effects in biological transport processes (“Fractional-Order Modeling and Analysis of Nanoparticle Transport in…”, 2026). 309 gap statements have been mined from Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,487 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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