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Open research questions in Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications

921 gap statements mined from Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 4,603 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The paper identifies the need for a green synthesis method for titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The paper highlights the potential of using plant extracts for the synthesis of NPs. The paper aims to fill the gap in the literature by synthesizing and characterizing biogenic titanium dioxide nanoparticles with antibacterial properties.

    Sustainable synthesis, characterization of biogenic titanium dioxide nanoparticles with antibacterial properties using extract of Musa acuminata colla bracts · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to understand the heterogeneity in nanoparticle association among different cell populations. The lack of quantitative assessment of the association and distribution of gold nanoparticles in murine breast cancer cells and various immune cell populations in whole blood.

    Quantitative single cell analysis of gold nanoparticle association across a mouse triple-negative breast cancer cell line and blood immune cell populations · 2026 · DOI

  • The traditional physicochemical methods for producing noble metal nanoparticles have environmental and toxicological concerns. There is a need for eco-friendly alternative methods for nanoparticle synthesis. The paper identifies a gap in the development of sustainable methods for producing palladium nanoparticles.

    Spectroscopic optimization and characterization of palladium nanoparticles synthesized using Ophiopogon planiscapus leaf extract: Prospects for advanced material integration · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective antimicrobial strategies against multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium. The need for alternative approaches to overcome conventional antibiotic resistance and inhibit biofilm formation.

    Combined antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of an Ag–CeO₂/MgAl-LDH nanocomposite–nanoemulsion formulation against multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium · 2026 · DOI

  • Conventional treatment options for gastric cancer have limitations. New therapies have not significantly improved clinical outcomes. There is a need for novel and efficient therapeutic approaches.

    Identification of a novel Microbacterium species and biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles: activation of apoptosis and dysregulation of ABCG transporters in gastric adenocarcinoma cells · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to overcome the limitations of conventional oncology regimens. The challenge of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells.

    Synergistic induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer PC3 cells by silver-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles: unveiling the role of ROS-mediated p53-associated apoptotic signaling and antioxidant system depletion · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to optimize the conditions for biogenic synthesis and sorption experiments. The challenge of scaling up the biogenic synthesis of ZnO NPs for practical applications.

    Biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Aspergillus flavus for sustainable removal of strontium ions from contaminated water based on bioremediation technology · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the absorption, distribution, and elimination mechanisms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in various organs after inhalation exposure. The study aims to fill this gap by developing a physiologically based toxicokinetic model.

    Prediction of the Quantitative Biodistribution of Inhaled Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using the Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Modelling Method · 2025 · DOI

  • The biosorption of Ag(I) and Zn(II) ions by microorganisms can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, and biomass dose. The synthesis of nanoparticles with biocidal properties using microorganisms can be challenging due to the need for optimal conditions. The scaling up of the biosorption and nanoparticle synthesis processes can be a significant challenge.

    Removal of Zn(II) and Ag(I) by Staphylococcus epidermidis CECT 4183 and Biosynthesis of ZnO and Ag/AgCl Nanoparticles for Biocidal Applications · 2025 · DOI

  • The lack of a sustainable and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of antimicrobial metal nanoparticles. The need to valorize citrus waste for nanomaterial synthesis. The absence of a scalable methodology for producing bioactive nanoparticles using orange peel waste.

    Steam Distillation of Citrus Waste Extract for Antimicrobial Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis · 2025 · DOI

  • The need for new antimicrobial agents due to the rapid rise in antibiotic resistance. The lack of effective antibacterial agents against E. coli and S. aureus.

    Green Methodology for Producing Bioactive Nanocomposites of Mesoporous Silica Support for Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Against E. coli and S. aureus · 2025 · DOI

  • The gap is also in the lack of effective models for predicting the toxicity of mixtures of nanomaterials with inorganic substances.

    In Silico Simulation of Daphnia magna Immobilization Exposed to Mixtures of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Inorganic Compounds · 2025 · DOI

  • The need to minimize subjective bias in determining MIC endpoints. The potential for TiAB to exhibit limited solubility in liquid media.

    In Vitro Activity of Silver-Bound Titanium Dioxide (Tiab) Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria from Dermatological Infections · 2025 · DOI

  • The lack of standardized protocols for the green synthesis of marine-derived nanoparticles. The limited long-term stability of the synthesized nanoparticles. The need for life cycle assessments to evaluate environmental and economic viability.

    Marine-Derived Compounds Combined with Nanoparticles: A Focus on the Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sector · 2025 · DOI

  • The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles requires controlled conditions to produce uniform particles. The deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on cotton fabrics can be challenging due to the uneven distribution of particles. The paper identifies the need for further research on the scalability and stability of the green synthesis method.

    The Role of Brown Algae as a Capping Agent in the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles to Enhance the Antibacterial Activities of Cotton Fabrics · 2025 · DOI

  • There is a need for a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles. The use of brown algae as a capping agent in ZnO nanoparticle synthesis is a novel approach. The paper aims to address the gap in the development of antibacterial cotton fabrics using ZnO nanoparticles.

    The Role of Brown Algae as a Capping Agent in the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles to Enhance the Antibacterial Activities of Cotton Fabrics · 2025 · DOI

  • Investigate the effects of other organic pollutants on ZnO-NPs. Examine the effects of ZnO-NPs on the environment in different ecosystems. Study the interactions between ZnO-NPs and other environmental factors, such as pH and ionic strength.

    Influence of Tetrabromobisphenol-A on the Fate and Behavior of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affected by Salts, Humic Acid, and Bovine Serum Albumin in Water Systems · 2025 · DOI

  • Investigating the association of AuNPs with other cell types, - Evaluating the effects of PEGylation on the circulation time of AuNPs, - Studying the mechanisms of AuNP uptake and elimination in different cell…

    Quantitative single cell analysis of gold nanoparticle association across a mouse triple-negative breast cancer cell line and blood immune cell populations · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the scalability of the biogenic synthesis method, - Examining the long-term stability of the ZnO NPs, - Exploring the removal of other heavy metals using ZnO…

    Biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Aspergillus flavus for sustainable removal of strontium ions from contaminated water based on bioremediation technology · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigation of the design of biomass supported moving bed reactors - Study of the biocidal properties of the synthesized nanoparticles against a wider range of microbial…

    Removal of Zn(II) and Ag(I) by Staphylococcus epidermidis CECT 4183 and Biosynthesis of ZnO and Ag/AgCl Nanoparticles for Biocidal Applications · 2025 · DOI

  • Investigate the effects of the nanocomposites on other types of bacteria, - Explore the effects of the nanocomposites on human cells, - Investigate the long-term effects…

    Green Methodology for Producing Bioactive Nanocomposites of Mesoporous Silica Support for Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Against E. coli and S. aureus · 2025 · DOI

  • Assessing the feasibility of using the above-mentioned criteria of predicting potential, - Evaluating the models according to certain criteria, - Using the quasi-SMILES approach for other…

    In Silico Simulation of Daphnia magna Immobilization Exposed to Mixtures of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Inorganic Compounds · 2025 · DOI

  • The need to determine the optimal concentration of Se/AG NCs for antibacterial activity - The challenge of evaluating the environmental risk of using Se/AG NCs - The difficulty of assessing the antibacterial activity of Se/AG NCs against various environmental…

    Effect of Selenium–Arabinogalactan Nanocomposite on Environmental Bacteria · 2025 · DOI

  • The need for additional toxicological studies to fully address the effects of Se/AG NCs - The lack of understanding of the environmental risk of using Se/AG NCs - The need to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Se/AG NCs against various environmental…

    Effect of Selenium–Arabinogalactan Nanocomposite on Environmental Bacteria · 2025 · DOI

  • Further in vivo studies are needed to validate the safety and efficacy of TiAB, - Investigation of the cytotoxicity of TiAB on human cells, - Evaluation of TiAB in wound care…

    In Vitro Activity of Silver-Bound Titanium Dioxide (Tiab) Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria from Dermatological Infections · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of quantitative assessment of the association and distribution of gold nanoparticles in murine breast cancer cells and various immune cell populations in whole blood (“Quantitative single cell analysis of gold nanoparticle association across a…”, 2026); (2) There is a need for eco-friendly alternative methods for nanoparticle synthesis (“Spectroscopic optimization and characterization of palladium nanoparticles…”, 2026); (3) The lack of effective antimicrobial strategies against multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium (“Combined antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of an Ag–CeO₂/MgAl-LDH…”, 2026); (4) There is a need for novel and efficient therapeutic approaches (“Identification of a novel Microbacterium species and biosynthesis of gold…”, 2026); (5) There is a lack of understanding of the absorption, distribution, and elimination mechanisms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in various organs after inhalation exposure (“Prediction of the Quantitative Biodistribution of Inhaled Titanium Dioxide…”, 2025). 921 gap statements have been mined from Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 4,603 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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